Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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BOAT TERMINAL ARCHITECTURE: ANALYZING AND UNDER-STANDING CIRCULATION IN BOAT TERMINAL BUILDINGS []


In order to achieve smooth traffic flow in metropolitan areas, transport services have increased significantly. One of the nation's most widely utilized transit systems is the water transit system, particularly in Nigeria's delta region (Niger Delta). Incorrect arrangement of functional areas can lead to conflicts between different aspects of the functions in the ticketing and checking points' circulation pattern or flow sequence. The goal of this study is to create a profitable and efficient boat terminal that would suit the needs of Rivers State, Bayelsa State, and other Niger Delta regions. To that end, the author carried out in-depth research on successful circulation at boat ports. Circulation patterns and access points were created as part of the research with the intention of reducing impacts on the nearby facilities. This was achieved by directing cars into the terminal area and to the proper parking spaces, maintaining steady, secure vehicular flow, and providing easy access for emergency services and the delivery of products. Provisions for a single need for both horizontal and vertical circulation components were also included in the specification.

the effect of financial technology in inclusive economic growth, in salaam Somali bank in Mogadishu, Somalia. []


In Africa, Financial technology, or fintech, has gained increasing popularity in Africa as a means of promoting inclusive economic growth. Fintech refers to the use of technology to deliver financial services, and it has the potential to increase access to financial services, reduce costs, and improve the efficiency of financial transactions. That is why this study entitled “the effect of financial technology in inclusive economic growth in salaam Somali bank, Mogadishu, Somalia” is being conducted. The study employed mixed research design which is descriptive and correlation research design in which quantitative data analysis was used to produce richer and more complete information. The sample size was derived from 300 participants of salaam Somali bank in Mogadishu Somalia. They were surveyed using Sloven’s formula at a confidence interval equal 95% and the margin error of 5%. The study, was delve into the research results and findings obtained from a questionnaire administered at Salaam Somali Bank in Mogadishu, Somalia. Our focus was on various aspects of financial technology and its potential effects on inclusive economic growth within the Mogadishu, Somalia context. The Effect of Mobile Money on Inclusive Economic Growth: We examined the impact of mobile money on inclusive economic growth. The results, as presented in Table 4.3.1, reveal that respondents generally agree and the Overall of the average of mean score of 3.7637 suggests that employees at Salaam Somali Bank concur with the study's exploration of the relationship between mobile money and inclusive economic growth. The Effect of Mobile Banking on Inclusive Economic Growth: This section assessed the influence of mobile banking on inclusive economic growth. Table 4.3.2 indicates that respondents generally agree and the average mean score of 3.7053 suggests that respondents support the study's investigation into the connection between mobile banking and inclusive economic growth. The Effect of Online Remittance on Inclusive Economic Growth: Our analysis examined the impact of online remittance on inclusive economic growth. As detailed in Table 4.3.3, respondents generally agree and the average mean score of 3.6561 indicates that respondents are in alignment with the study's exploration of the relationship between online remittance and inclusive economic growth. The Effect of E-Commerce on Inclusive Economic Growth: This section explored the influence of E-commerce on inclusive economic growth. As depicted in Table 4.3.4, respondents generally and the average mean score of 3.6515 indicates that respondents support the study's investigation into the connection between E-commerce and inclusive economic growth. Correlation Analysis: Lastly, we conducted a correlation analysis to explore the relationships between the variables of financial technology and inclusive economic growth. As shown in Table 4.5.1, the analysis indicates the following: Mobile Money has a positive and weak relationship on inclusive economic growth (Pearson Correlation, r=0.220, p=0.004). Mobile Bank has a positive and weak relationship on inclusive economic growth (Pearson Correlation, r=0.240, p=0.002). Online Remittance has a positive and strong relationship on inclusive economic growth (Pearson Correlation, r=0.946, p=0.00). E-Commerce has a positive and weak relationship on inclusive economic growth (Pearson Correlation, r=0.199, p=0.009). The findings suggest that financial technology has a generally positive but varying influence on inclusive economic growth in Mogadishu, Somalia, with online remittance standing out as a significant driver of inclusive economic growth, this study provides insights into the perceptions and relationships between various forms of financial technology and inclusive economic growth within the context of Salaam Somali Bank in Mogadishu, Somalia. The findings align with previous research and underscore the potential benefits of financial technology in fostering economic inclusivity. Keywords: financial technology, inclusive economic growth, mobile money, mobile bank, online remittance and E-commerce.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC RESTRICTION'S EFFECT ON NIGERIA'S FOOD SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF KWARA STATE []


The study examined the impact of COVID-19 regulations on food security in Kwara state, Nigeria, through a survey of 200 rural farmers using a structured questionnaire. Analyzing the data through descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and robust OLS statistics, the study revealed that movement restrictions (-0.32), low farmer income (-0.53), insecurity issues (-0.09), herdsmen farmland invasion (-0.21), and government palliatives (-0.10) all negatively and significantly affected food production during the pandemic. Consequently, food security in the area was adversely affected. The study suggests that addressing issues of insecurity, herdsmen farmland invasion, and ensuring effective delivery of relief to farmers, including facilitating their access to soft loans, should be prioritized by the government.

Impact of Covid 19 on the operational performance of SMEs in Chipata []


This study aims to determine how COVID 19 pandemic has affected the performance of Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Chipata City, eastern province. SMEs from various industries will be chosen through random sampling. Primary data will be gathered from SMEs through interviews and questionnaires distributed to business owners and key management personnel. The study will employ a mixed method approach. Through reviews of official documents like government policies and other relevant documents, secondary data will be gathered. Descriptive statistical tools will be used to analyse the data. The findings, conclusion, and recommendations of the research will be discussed at the conclusion. Key words: Small and medium enterprise (SMEs),

Preparation, Synthesis and Optical characterization of Vacuum evaporated SnxSey alloys thin films []


The optical characteristics properties of tin selenide compound especially in thin films plays a significance role their application especially photodetectors and storage devices, such PRAM. SnxSey thin film alloys were grown by vacuum evaporation. The Ingots of Tin and Selenium have been prepared using their constituent elements synthesized in various ratios. The optical transmittance of the thin films was carried out between 450-2500 nm. The optical absorption studies indicated a direct band gap ranging from 1.27-1.94 eV. The band gap energy was found to increase with decrease in Tin concentration of the alloy.

The impact of war on Sudan’s health system 2023 []


On 15 of April clashes started between Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Khartoum and Northern state, and continued to spread to involve other states. During which large number of people have been killed, and large number flee from their states and the majority from Khartoum city in form of inside and out-side displacement, as the conflict continuous, Sudan’s health system is at risk for collapse. More than 30 hospitals closed either because of direct attacks or shortage of staff and resources, most of stats now are suffering from run out of nutrition, water and fuel. There are outbreak of dengue fever, cholera and other diseases.

EVALUATING THE ROLE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON EFFECTIVE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT A SOUTH AFRICAN STATE-OWNED BROADCASTER []


The roles of corporate boards are often difficult to observe by the public daily, but boards abruptly become the centre of attention when corporate problems or scandals arise. This study was aimed at examining how the board of directors carry out their fiduciary, monitoring, advisory and strategic roles to achieve effective corpo-rate governance at a state broadcaster. The research method used was an archival method and secondary data analysis to review the Board roles using publicly available reports. It was found that the state broadcaster board is using a unitary system to monitor and provide effective oversight and corporate governance as led by most non-executive directors to ensure independence, functional and demographical diversity with no single individual domination. The state broadcaster board uses well-attended, sized, and independent-driven nine functional committees regularly that fulfil regulation requirements to effectively monitor the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the management team to fulfil their fiduciary role, accountability and responsibility to the shareholder. The board provides an inherent strategic and advisory service to the organisation that serves the CEO and management with expertise through active involvement in strategic decision-making, formulation and implementation of strategy whilst seeking external professional advisors where it lacks specific expertise to effectively carry out their advisory role. The research recommends a dual advisory approach with a stand-alone advisory committee, streamlining or removal of director appointment regulations, balancing the number of executive and non-executive directors, and reducing member overload.

DETERMINANT OF PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS POPULATION CONTROL IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA []


Abstract The main objective of this study was to investigate the determinant of people's attitude towards population control in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State. To achieve the aim of this study, four research questions and four null hypotheses were generated to guide the study. The survey research design was adopted for the study. A total sample of two hundred and ten (210) people residing in the study area were randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the stratified random sampling technique. The “Determinants of People’s Attitude towards Population Control Questionnaire (DPATPCQ)” was constructed as a tool for the data collection by the researcher. The data collected were subjected to hypothesis-by-hypothesis analysis, with each hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance, using independent t-test analysis and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The findings of the study showed that marital status, knowledge of contraceptives, age and gender are of significant relationship with the attitude of people towards population control in the study area. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Proper awareness and enlightenment programmes should be carried out on the use of different contraceptives, and birth measures through a channel and medium accessible to all in the study area.

Les contraintes de l’enseignement/apprentissage du français dans les facultés scientifiques. Étude de cas de la faculté des sciences Semlalia à la ville de Marrakech []


Cet article est une contribution à la question de la fracture linguistique au sein du système de l'enseignement supérieur au Maroc, plus précisément au moment de la transition entre le niveau scolaire et le niveau universitaire. L'enseignement des matières scientifiques en langue française demeure une préoccupation nationale quant aux obstacles qui peuvent engendrer. Malgré l'implantation de de la réforme en 2013, qui a introduit l'enseignement des disciplines scientifiques en langue française au cycle secondaire, cette réorientation se heurte à des obstacles significatifs: les compétences linguistiques des étudiants ont présenté une avancée limitée. Pour ce faire, cette étude, qui se veut une enquête de terrain, s'appuie d'abord sur le modèle pédagogique du " tringle didactique" de Jean Houssaye, et procède à la collecte des données au moyen de questionnaires distribués aux enseignants et aux étudiants à la Faculté des sciences Semlalia à Marrakech. Les résultats de cette enquête mettent l'accent sur plusieurs facteurs qui contribuent à la dégradation du niveau de français chez les étudiants. Le manque de formation des enseignants exerce un effet négatif sur le processus d'enseignement et d'apprentissage. Les approches pédagogiques doivent évoluer vers un rôle de facilitation de l'apprentissage plutôt que de simple transmission de connaissances. De surcroît, la motivation des étudiants revêt une importance cruciale, nécessitant ainsi l'intégration d'activités stimulantes au sein des cours dispensés par les enseignants.

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT AND ADVERSE SELECTION: WHAT EXPERIENCES FOR MFIS IN CAMEROON? []


This article aims to analyze the effect of Customer Relationship Management on reducing adverse selection within microfinance institutions in Cameroon. This analysis is made possible through the implementation of a questionnaire survey. Carried out on a sample of 522 microfinance clients in the cities of Douala Yaoundé and Bafoussam, the resulting descriptive statistics make it possible to measure the different variables. Data processing carried out using SPSS, which, once the variables have been estimated, facilitates the design of an econometric model using bivariate probit multiple regression. The results of the study indicate that a quality welcome and personalized support have effects on reducing adverse selection. Based on these results, we can recommend that marketing managers in MFIs rely on the future value of the customer at each stage of the customer life cycle in the customer acquisition and retention phases, in order to target the right customers, and therefore reduce adverse selection.

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE PUBLIC DEPENDENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA NEWS AND ITS IMPACT ON TRADITIONAL PRINT NEWSPAPERS: A Case Study of Lusaka District []


ABSTRACT Globally and in Zambia at large, social media has typically changed the way people in various societies convey between and amongst themselves and absorbs information and news respectively. Equally, it is confirmed that traditional media has remained a crucial part of society as it is an effective means of communicating to consumers all over the world, Kopano (2013). Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of the public’s dependence on social media news and its impact of traditional print newspapers: a case study of Lusaka district. With the aim of assessing the public’s dependence on social media news and its impact of traditional print newspapers, this research was conducted in Lusaka district, targeting 78 respondents including 12 trained staff (management) from the Zambia Daily Mail, Times of Zambia, The Must and Daily Nations Newspaper Company, 13 newspaper readers, and the 53 respondents comprising of newspaper vendors and social media users was selected using random sampling, purposive and convenience sampling at various levels in this study. Also, the study used the questionnaire as main instrument of data collection. Qualitative method was applied during data analysis. The results of the study indicated that social media platforms are not very worthy to be the main sources for news which the public can seriously rely on. Interactive online content, easy on the eye, cheaper, more opportunities to explore other news source, spread of fake news, rise of plagiarism, decline in revenue for newspapers and digitization influence on consumption habits are the main indicators influencing the public’s dependence of social media for news, thereby imposing this paradigm shift of interest away from traditional print newspapers. The recommendations made in light to this problem included the following: media institutions in collaboration with government, should organize workshops and seminars to sensitize and education the public and journalists to appreciate the impact that social media platforms bears on traditional (print newspapers), government and all press bodies should provide facilities for retraining journalists on new ICT, finding news means of cubing the spread of fake news as a collective effort including media organizations among others.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR STUDYING HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS []


Exposure assessment is crucial in studies evaluating potential health effects of extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF). However, assessing long-term ELF-EMF exposure remains challenging. This paper provides a critical overview of common ELF-EMF exposure assessment approaches, including methods relying on sources (e.g., wire codes, distance), personal measurements, job-exposure matrices, and modeling. The strengths, limitations, and examples of each method are discussed. Key challenges include lack of historical exposure data, difficulties measuring all relevant exposure sources, and uncertainties regarding influential exposure metrics. While no approach is ideal, combinations of questionnaire data, spot measurements, job-specific data, and predictive models can improve exposure estimates. Further work is needed to develop models for reconstructing past exposures from limited data and determine the most health-relevant exposure metrics and sampling strategies. Improved exposure assessment is needed to strengthen future epidemiological studies.

The effect of seasonal variation on the occurrence rates of Dengue Fever transmission in Fiji between 2016-2019 []


Dengue fever is a prominent health issue throughout the globe with WHO estimations of 3.9 billion people residing in dengue fever endemic areas, the threat of major outbreaks remains imminent. With Fiji having major outbreaks in the past and increasing evidence of positive association between dengue fever and weather patterns, this study looked at the prevalence of dengue fever in Fiji and the effects of weather variables on its occurrence. Throughout the study period of 2016-2019 a total of 19832 dengue fever cases were found with the highest prevalence of 56.9% of cases being female (95% CI (9128.5 ± 13.3) P-value= 0.001). Most dengue fever cases were found in 2018 with 9178 cases and the least cases were found in 2016 with 508 cases (95% CI 4358 ± 44.5), P-value= 0.01). The age range of 21-30 showed the highest prevalence of cases at 25.4% with the lowest of 8.2% seen in patients above 61 years of age (P-value= 0.01). Using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient minimum temperature (°C) showed the strongest association with dengue fever occurrence at a 1-month (P-value < 0.01) lag period while average rainfall (mm) had the weakest association (P-value=0.01). All weather variables (rainfall mm, minimum and maximum temperature °C) showed a positive association with the occurrence of dengue fever (P-value < 0.05) with rainfall showing no association in 2016. The results of this research suggest a strong positive correlation between dengue fever and weather variables however, further studies are required to prove causation. Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ON INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS OF SUPERMARKETS IN MOMBASA COUNTY, KENYA []


Integrated accounting has evolved since ancient time, through medieval period, renaissance period, industrial revolution to modern information technology era. Integrated computerized Accounting Systems (ICAS) faces the challenges of unauthorized access, alterations and destruction of data thus compromising the confidentiality, integrity and availability of financial information. This study was to evaluate the effect of integrated computerized accounting systems (ICAS) on internal control systems (ICS) of supermarkets in Mombasa County, Kenya. The four objectives of the study were; to evaluate the effect of integrated operations on the ICS used by supermarkets in Mombasa County, to evaluate the effect of segments information on the ICS used by supermarkets in Mombasa County, to ascertain the effect of computerized integrated accounting on the ICS used by supermarkets in Mombasa County, and to assess the effect of Consolidated Financial Reporting Systems on the ICS used by supermarkets in Mombasa County. The target population was 148 employees of the selected supermarkets in Mombasa County. The researcher used simple stratified random sampling procedure to select a sample size of 74 respondents. Questionnaires was used which had open and closed questions to collect data which was then analyzed using statistical tools and presented using tables. The findings of the study showed that integrated financial operations and computerized integrated accounting are positively significant on strengthening the internal controls while segment information and consolidated financial reporting transactions are negatively significant on strengthening the internal control system.

COMPREHENSION OF RISK BY ENTREPRENEURS IN POSITION OF DECISION MKANG AUTHORITY. []


The domain of business decision-making is inherently susceptible to risks due to the all-encompassing unpredictability that forms the basis of anticipated results from investment selections. This unpredictability has the potential to result in monetary setbacks and even the demise of businesses. This paper explores the entrepreneurs’ understanding of risk and how such decisions are affected by risk. The quali-tative research design in this study employed the interpretive research approach as its underlying philosophy. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted interplay between risk and entrepreneurial investment decision-making. This investigation draws theoretical insights from the Neoclassical Investment Theory, thus enhancing its ana-lytical framework. To gather robust insights, 20 in-depth interviews were conducted among entrepreneurs in different industries and sub-jected to thematic analysis. The results revealed that an entrepreneur’s behavior related to investment decisions is interpersonal under risk. Furthermore, the responses that were weighted to one side implied that the level of risk controls entrepreneurs' desire to expand their investment strategies. The research findings indicate that risk remains a prevailing concern within the realm of investment decisions, as it is an inevitable aspect that can be mitigated through effective management. Investments devoid of risk may lack the potential for substantial returns, as overcoming risk can propel a business toward unparalleled achievements. The degree to which risk acts as a deter-rent to investment hinges on an investor's personal risk tolerance. Embracing the adage' prevention is better than cure,' it is imperative for managers to proactively address risk and its consequences by employing methodologies of risk analysis.

Examining the Influence of Corporate Governance Practices on Management and Leadership Styles: A Case Study of Pabod International Breweries Ltd. in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. []


The link between corporate governance standards and management and leadership styles is crucial in the dynamic and quickly changing business world of today. This article examines how corporate governance practices have impacted the management and leadership styles of Pabod International Breweries Ltd., a significant participant in the beverage business in Nigeria, through a case study, Adegbite, (2011) A crucial component of contemporary business organizations, corporate governance shapes how businesses are operated, decisions are made, and stakeholders' interests are protected. Because of its varied economic and cultural environments, Nigeria offers special opportunities as well as problems for corporate governance. The company Pabod International Breweries Ltd., which is well-known for both its outstanding performance in the cutthroat Nigerian market and its dedication to best practices in corporate governance, is the subject of this case study. We want to comprehend how the governance structure, policies, and practices of the company have impacted the way management and leadership function within the company by thoroughly examining these aspects, Alvesson & Spicer, (2016). An analysis of Pabod International Breweries Ltd.'s corporate governance processes will include important topics such as stakeholder participation, board composition, accountability, and transparency. We hope to learn more about how corporate governance affects the company's management and leadership styles by evaluating these variables. Additionally, the performance, sustainability, and reputation of Pabod International Breweries Ltd. will be examined, along with the wider effects of the company's corporate governance strategy. In order to give readers a thorough knowledge of the company's corporate governance policies and how they affect management and leadership styles, the case study will incorporate insights from interviews with important stakeholders, workers, and industry experts, Aras& Crowther, (2008). Keywords: Examining, Corporate Governance, Management, Leadership Styles.

Challenges and Prospects of Women’s Movement in Africa: The Ethiopian Women's Experience []


Women’s movements are among the global social movements of contemporary politics. Several women’s movements have happened throughout African history so that they could attempt to change the fabric of the society in which they operated. However, women and their movements are still experiencing unfavorable socio-political, economic, legal, structural, and cultural environments that are widely responsible for failure in Africa. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the challenges that women’s activism and movement in Africa face while they organize themselves and struggle for their collective concerns and rights. More specifically, this article focuses on the Ethiopian women’s movement as a subject of analysis. To this end, numerous scholarly literature, international and national documents on women and their related rights and movements are critically discoursed and analyzed. The article argues that women’s movements in Ethiopia are challenged by both internal and external complications. The internal challenges include ideological gaps and inconsistency in their belligerent strategies; women’s knowledge and commitment gaps; and institutional limits in their established structures. Externally, the emerging politico-legal policies; token electoral principles; socioeconomic hardships and uncivilized cultural practices are other situations in due course remain unsolved blockages for women’s movements in Ethiopia. In the end, education is recommended to reduce the challenges and in return encourage women’s movements in Ethiopia. To this effect, the existing educational policies, curriculums, and programs should be reformed in a way to accommodates women’s issues and encourages their collective concerns. Additionally, the incumbent political party should uphold the culture of public dialogue to deal with women and opposition parties to establish a comprehensive framework that pragmatically authorizes women’s political representation in critical positions and decision-making processes. This would be more useful for promoting participatory political culture, reshuffling electoral drawbacks, and dismantling the exclusive state structure.

Practical aspects of sustainable water management in urban areas []


This paper examines the contemporary challenges faced in urban areas in relation to water supply, including water scarcity, outdated infrastructure, climate change, and population growth. It discusses various mitigation efforts, such as the implementation of water-efficient integrated urban development initiatives, policy interventions, and investment in water infrastructure, and highlights their impact on sustainability. A comprehensive literature review is also provided to gain an understanding of the existing body of knowledge on sustainable water management. It delves into the effectiveness of different interventions, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Survey results reveal that there is notable awareness of sustainable water practices among the population; however, the study uncovers a gap in full community participation, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to bridge this awareness-action division. To bridge this gap, there is a need for innovative community engagement strategies that consider socio-economic dynamics and individual perceptions of impact. While technological and policy means have been effective in mitigating urban water challenges, addressing the behavioral aspect is equally important. Bridging the awareness-action gap requires innovative approaches that resonate with the diverse urban population, fostering a collective commitment to water sustainability.

PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG GENOCIDE SURVIVORS IN RWANDA A CASE OF CARSA, THE COW FOR PEACE INTERVENTION, KAMONYI DISTRICT, SOUTHERN PROVINCE, RWANDA []


Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is developed in response to severe mental distress from a traumatic event. Genocide against Tutsi in 1994 was a major traumatizing events claiming over one million lives and imposing extreme physical and physiological violence to survivors. Cow for peace is an intervention to encourage healing and reconciliation between the survivor and the direct perpetrator of the genocide against Tutsi in 1994. This study aimed at determining the effect of cow for peace intervention on PTSD among the genocide survivors in Kamonyi District, Rwanda. It is of a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The study population were survivors of the genocide against Tutsi in 1994. This study included 318 respondents selected through a simple random sampling method. The ages of the respondents ranged from 36 to 83 years, with a mean age of 55.76 (SD = 9.53). The majority (64.8%) of study respondents were female. The mean household size was 4.22 (SD = 1.46), while the mean monthly income was 16584.91 Rwandan francs (SD = 8166.87). In terms of education, 18.6% of respondents were illiterate, 67.9% had completed primary school, and 13.5% had attended secondary school. The significant improvement in PTSD symptoms were experienced by 99.7% during training on trauma healing, 51.3% during reconciliation cell groups, and 19.5% during shared cow raising. There were non-statistically significant association between the effect of training on trauma healing and sex, age, household size, Education, and income (p > 0.05). Respondents who had attended primary school (AOR = 0.42, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [0.214, 0.805]) or secondary school (AOR = 0.36, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [0.141, 0.910]) compared to illiterates and those who earned a monthly income of 27000 Rwandan franc or more (AOR = 0.25, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [0.080, 0.778]) compared those who earned less had a lower likelihood of experiencing a statistically significant change in their PTSD scores during the reconciliation cell groups. Respondents who were between 55 and 64 years old (AOR = 3.06, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [1.003, 9.346]) and respondents aged 65 years and above (AOR = 4.084, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [1.271, 13.109]) had higher likelihood of experiencing an improvement in their PTSD scores during shared cow raising, compared to respondents under 55 years of age. Given the significant improvement in PTSD symptoms observed in this study, it is recommended that at least training on trauma healing and reconciliation cell groups be made available to genocide survivors throughout all districts of Rwanda. further research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cow for peace intervention and to identify ways to optimize its delivery, dissemination, and impact.