Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND ASSET STRUCTURE ON FIRM VALUE IN BANKING SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2016-2020 PERIOD []


This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure and asset structure on firm value in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. The sample in this study was 15 banking companies. The analytical tool used is panel data regression analysis. The research results show that the capital structure and asset structure as measured by total assets simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Partially, capital structure has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value and asset structure has a positive and significant effect on firm value.

Factors associated with outcomes of nutritional support among malnourished people living with HIV in selected health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda []


Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that attacks human immunity and if not treated it leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), It is not curable as per current medical evidences, but with medical care HIV can be controlled and people living with it on effective antiretroviral therapy(ART) can live long, healthier and protect their partner. The city of Kigali being loaded with mixed clients of adequate and inadequate means of living, it sets the ground of possibility to PLWH eligible to nutritional support. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine factors associated with outcomes of nutritional support among malnourished people living with HIV in selected health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undernourished PLWH aged 15 years and older in six selected health facilities of Kigali. PLWH with undernutrition who received nutritional support between January 2021 to September 2022 were recruited in the study. Data were collected through administering a structured questionnaire. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) V. 21 was used for data analysis. In this study, 45.2% respondents were male while 54.8% were female. The findings illustrated that 60.5% respondents had non- cured malnutrition while 39.5% respondents had cured malnutrition. Taking alcohol, being enrolled in nutritional support before, age group, gender, religion and ubudehe category were factors associated with persistent malnutrition at p-value of 0.05. This study revealed that respondents aged 51 years and above were more likely to have persistent malnutrition [AOR=1.546; 95%CI=1.245-4.833; P=0.047] compared to younger respondents aged <20 years old. This study recommends the Government to design a vibrant specific sensitization program about nutrition for people living with HIV and specific sustainable strategies are required to improve the nutritional status of people living with HIV especially those presenting persistent malnutrition.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards covid-19 prevention and control among youths in Kigali city, Rwanda. []


The new public health crises borne from Wuhan city, Hubei province to the China by December 2019, where a pneumonia with unknown etiology observed within a cluster of 27 new cases. The knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the people toward COVID-19 is critical to understanding the epidemiological dynamics of the disease and the effectiveness, compliance and success of IPC measures adopted in a country. The findings from this study helped to identify and amend incorrect behaviors and knowledge of the youths towards coronavirus prevention and control. This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample size for this study was equal to 384 youths that was selected using convenience sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS version 21. The KAP Score assessment was done. The statistical significance was confirmed at the p-value < 0.05 with 95% of Confidence interval. The research findings showed that the majority of respondents 41.9% were aged between 20 to 22 Years. This study revealed that the majority of 75.80% youths had high level of knowledge while 24.2% youths had low level of knowledge, 85.2% respondents had positive attitude while 14.8% respondents had negative attitude and 69.0% respondents had good practice while 31.0% had poor practice. The research findings showed that there were statistically significant association between gender, age group, level of education, level of knowledge and level of attitude and youths’ practices towards coronavirus prevention and control. This study revealed that the female youths were more likely to have good practice [AOR: 1.43; 95%CI: 0.671-8.349; P-value: 0.006] compared to male youths. As recommendation, RBC (Rwanda Biomedical center) is recommended tapping into the vast youth networks, for them to be ambassadors of behavior change and support dissemination of COVID-19 related information as they are a huge population segment spread across the country.

The Role of the Maguindanaon Women in the Bangsamoro Armed Struggle for their Right to Self-Determination []


This paper aimed to examine the role of the Maguindanaon Women in the Bangsamoro armed struggle for their right to self-determination. In Buluan, Maguindanao, the first Local Executive who ruled the Municipality was a lady in the person of Bai Bagungan Pandita, widow of the late Datu Enok and who later remarried Datu Hadj Paglas Palacasi, Sr. who at the time was appointed as a president of the Municipal District. Her noble vision of inculcating to the minds of her fellow Muslims the importance of educations to one’s life and development manifested by her advocacy campaign for basic education to Muslim populace was the first muslin woman catapulted to the position in the Philippines during that time. Her leadership ended when she passed away during Second World War. This study utilized the qualitative research approaches. This approach was employed by the researcher because it involved the field survey among identified Bangsamoro women who were participants/combatants of the Moro armed struggle. It was purposely done by the researcher to gather information on the basic socio-demographic profile of the respondents, their economic status, and knowledge about the Bangsamoro women in the armed struggle and the role they played. The roles played by the Maguindanaon women in the Bangsamoro armed struggle to support the male Bangsamoro in the armed struggle are (a) Production Committee, (b) Medics under the military or Bangsa Moro Army, (c) TransCom or Transportation and Communication, (d) Education Committee, (e) WAC- Women Auxiliary Corps, (f) Committee on Indigent, and (g) Health and Sanitation Committee. These committees were institutionalized under the Women’s Bureau. Keywords: Maguindanaon women, Bangsamoro, Armed-struggle, Right to self-determination

Studies on Native Plants Used as Anthelmintics among the People of Kolokuma-Opokuma Clan, Bayelsa State Nigeria []


Abstract Helmenthic infection is a major health concern among peoples with poor economic status in the tropical. This study document information on plant botanicals folks of Kolkuma-Opokuma clan used traditionally for de-worming. Three hundred informants from twenty villages within the two clans were selected and administered structured questionnaires. 19 plants (Astonia boonei, Emilia praetermissa, Newbouldia leavis, Newbouldia leavis, Musanga cecropioides, Costus lucausianus, Nephrolepis bisrrata, Panda oleosa etc) in 18 different families were reportedly used as anthelmintic plants. Of the nineteen (19) plants listed, three (A. boonei, C. schweinfurthii and P. brevipes) were peculiar to Opokuma clan, and H. indicum to Kolokuma clan. The most used parts were the leaves, stem and bark. The plants were contended to exhibit dual actions of vermicide and vermifuge, and were asserted to be non-irritating with broad spectrum anthelmintic affects. Thus, further studies to ascertain the sensitivity of helminthes to extracts of the plants is required, as this may be raw materials for pharmaceutical to develop potential drugs for the management of helminthes.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL ON TRANSMISSION OF THE POLIO HOSPITALIZATION WITH VACCINATION []


Abstract The present study involved the development and thorough analysis of a deterministic mathematical model that accounts for the transmission dynamics of Polio Infection, taking into consideration the effects of Vaccination and hospitalization. The model incorporated a population of human beings affected by polio, which were subsequently categorized into six distinct compartments. The model exhibits two distinct equilibria, namely the diseases-free equilibrium (D.F.E) and the endemics equilibrium states (E.E). The stability of equilibrium states was analyzed in relation to the effective reproduction number. The findings indicate that the equilibrium state free from disease was stable, and the established criteria for stability of the endemic equilibrium state were observed. The study demonstrated that the equilibrium state of polio infection being free from contagion is both locally and globally asymptotically stable . The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) was utilized to derive the analytical solution, and the effective reproduction number was subsequently calculated to evaluate the relative impact of individual or combined interventions for the purpose of achieving effective disease control. The models numerical simulations indicate that the most effective strategy for combating the epidemiology of polio virus is through a combination of vaccination.Keyword: Mathematical Model, Transmission, Polio, Hospitalisation, and Vaccination

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF GONORRHEA TREATMENT DYNAMICS WITH INCORPORATING CONTROL MEASURES []


AbstractIn this Research paper, we proposed mathematical modeling of gonorrhea infection treatment dynamics with incorporating control individual class. We obtained the Disease Free Equilibrium State and Endemic State. The criterion for stability of the Disease Free State was established using the reproduction number. The model equations were solved using Homotopy Perturbation Method. The result of the numerical simulation shows that at high treatment rate of the gonorrhea Disease can be eradicated completely which will also eradicate the transfer of the disease to HumanKeyword: Mathematical Model, Dynamics, Gonorrhea Infectious, Treatment and Incorporating Control Measures

THE ROLE OF BANGSAMORO WOMEN IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES (GPH) - MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT (MILF) PEACE PROCESS []


This study is focused on the different roles played by Bangsamoro Women in the Peace process between the Government of the Philippines (GPH) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) Peace Process. It aimed to identify and document Bangsamoro women from the grassroots and analyzed how their specific roles have contributed in advancing the peace process. Specifically, this study sought to identify the socio-demographic profile of the Bangsamoro women who are involved formally and informally in the GPHMILF Peace Process; determine the various factors that influence or hinder their involvement in the peace process, their lessons learned, hopes for the peace process and expectations from it; identify the different classifications of women’s participation in the peace process and factors that determine such participation; and determine the impact of their participation in the peace process to themselves, their family, community, and the peace process? To find answers to these questions, it utilized the qualitative research approaches. The first phase involved surveys among identified Bangsamoro women. It was purposely done to gather information on the basic socio-demographic profile of the respondents, their economic status, knowledge about the peace process, and the role they played. The second part involved a qualitative study through focus group discussion (FGD) and in depth interviews/Key Informant Interviews (KII). An instrument was developed for each respective strategy. Using purposive sampling, Forty Maguindanaon women from Cotabato City, Pikit and Aleosan Municipalities of North Cotabato, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Datu Blah Sinsuat, Upi, Talayan and Ampatuan Municipalities of Maguindanao Province served as respondents of this study. This study utilized questionnaire as an instrument for the survey and interview guides for the KII and FGD. The researcher drafted the instruments with careful consideration of the existing related information. Keywords: Bangsamoro women, Government of the Philippines, Peace process, Moro Liberation Front

AN ASSESMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION PROGRAM IN COTABATO CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE []


Islamic education aims to develop both the intellectual as well as the spiritual aspects of man. However, despite the considerable number of Bangsamoro (Muslim Filipinos) in this country, said the system is not observed in the Philippines since this is a secular nation whose educational system is copied from the West. Being patterned from the European style, our public-school system gives emphasis only on the human knowledge, while the Islamic (Madrasah) learning system concentrates on the divine aspect. Since these two systems of knowledge are taught separately, the present educational system in the country is not much effective in meeting the needs of the Muslims. This study sought to determine the Bachelor of Science in Islamic Education program: Its program and effectiveness for school year 2010-2011 to 2014-2015. In particular, it sought the answers to the following questions such as; what are the program’s mandate as related to the following; a) Admission policy, b) Admission of students, c) Policy on hiring, d) Program requirements, and e) Faculty development program. How competent are the graduates of the program in terms of being achiever, marketable, performance in the exams? What is the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the implementation in terms of administration and instructions? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the programs? The major findings show that the study found that the policy of the Cotabato City State Polytechnic College is implemented in terms of admission of students, hiring, program requirements, faculty development program, and student services. Moreover, the passing the licensure exam is highly achieved by the graduates including the receiving of degree certificate awarded by the higher education and other related to being achiever, marketable of the graduates as well as their performance during the licensure examination. In addition, the administrator personal characteristics and administrative skills is efficient and effective. Similarly, instruction through the use of electronic, non-electronic, visual, and audio are efficient and effective. The findings conclude that the BSIE graduates are achiever and also marketable. This is with the help of the administrative and instruction efficiency and effectiveness. BSIE program has some strength and also weaknesses. Strengths includes the students are allowed to undergo internship training for actual teaching process for them to prepared when they become a teacher and also during the licensure examination for teachers. Although majority of the respondents said that the graduates’ performance in the licensure examination, the rate somehow was quite low due to lack of board examination for Islamic Education major. Does, BSIE graduates falls under the category of social sciences. Keywords: Islamic Education Program, Madrasah, Cotabato City State Polytechnic College, Cotabato City

NGUGI WA THIONG O&S METAPHORICAL MEANING OF LQND IN AFRICAN CULTURE []


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ANALYSIS OF LITERARY DEVICES AND POINT OF VIEW IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE'S WORKS []


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THE GIFT OF ANCIENT STORYTELLERS: AN INTRODUCTORY READING OF CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE'S BODY OF WORK []


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LAND CONFLICT IN POSTCOLONIAL AFRICA IN THE NOVELS OF NGUGI WA THIONG'O []


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A BIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE'S PERSON AND WORK []


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Urban Reconstruction in Post-conflict zones. a case study of the nature of the concept. []


This study argues with the nature of the concept of urban reconstruction in post-conflict zones, as a long path that includes a variety of economic, social and security processes, and aims to create a stable security environment after the end of the conflict and the elimination of chaos, and from here it overlaps with the concepts of state-building and peacebuilding And development, to prevent a second slide towards war, by ensuring a transition to peace, but the concept faces many challenges related to the goals of the actors that fund it and benefit from it. Multiple tracks rebuild state institutions in a way that ensures the return of the state to perform its basic functions and guarantees security, which is the goal of a policy of urban planning and design for post-war reconstruction.

PERSPECTIVES OF YOUTHS ON TAKING UP ISLAMIC STUDIES IN COTABATO CITY []


This study aimed to determine the perspectives of youths on taking up Islamic Studies in Cotabato City. The study used descriptive research design, via Google survey questionnaire to gather data. It only has thirty (30) respondents due to the pandemic situation and not all who have the link sent had a positive response to that survey questionnaire. Based on the findings of the study, the study found out that the perspectives of youths in taking up Islamic Studies includes the importance of students’ interest to the subject or program. Students really like Islamic studies program and didn’t get bored easily. It is also important factor to have a teacher that show love and patience in teaching students. School environment for instance, their classroom, and faculty office and school library among other students may become a motivation and encouragement to them to excel in their studies. Parents’ guidance and advice to finish their studies provides a vital strength that every student needs in order to be motivated most of the times because students knew that their parents are much happy to see them become successful someday and are always there for them. Quality education ensures positive environment to all students despite of culture differences and it also helps student to have chance to learn about Islamic studies. To become knowledgeable, it is important to have a better and quality education that would be a help in the future license examination and employability. Further, Peer influence solicit an important role also to the students, they could influence and lead them to do good things. Peer influence becomes the mirror of the students, what company they are among with will be a factor that could define their tomorrow since their friends have a lot impact to their lives and studies. Community benefits driven of Islamic studies could help discipline students and to develop their religiosity and become a role model in their family and community to benefit us in this world and hereafter. The purpose of Islamic education is to achieve balanced growth in total human personality through the exercise of enthusiasm, rational intellect and feelings body sensitivity. The ultimate goal of Muslim education lies in the realization of its perfect submission to God, both in person, community and all humanity. The ultimate goal of Muslim education lies in the realization of its perfect submission to God, both in person, community and all humanity. The study concludes that there are existing great interests among students to take up Islamic Studies courses/program. They are willing and excited to learn Islamic Studies. They are also provided assistance by the teacher and by their parents with all means. In terms of Physical facilities, quality of education and peer influence, it all satisfies and met their needs. However, even challenges have occurred among others, it is necessary to sustain and develop more Islamic students for the benefit of Muslim community. Guided by the findings and conclusion of this study, the following are strongly recommended: First is the Department of Education may provide additional scholarship and allowance among the poor students that would enable them to study and fulfill their dreams. Second is the Local Government Units may provide safety assurance among school personnel and students since there are a lot of instances that might put their safety and lives to risk. Since majority of the people goes to school, it is necessary to impose and implement safety measures by all means. Third are the parents, teachers and community, may provide full support and cooperation among students particularly in their mental health and wellness. Provide also some motivation among them to ensure good performance in school. Lastly, to the schools that offering Islamic Studies Program it may serve as guide to the students to be more knowledgeable in their religion and may become a good individual that would sustain future Islamic Educators and benefit by others. Key words: Islamic education, character education in Islamic perspective, religious education.

EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON MOTHERS'PERCEPTION, KNOWLEDGE AND TREATMENT-SEEKING ON CHILDHOOD MALARIA IN URBAN AREA IN ANAMBRA STATE []


Health education is a profession of educating people about health. Educating the community members and providing information to mothers and caregivers about malaria will enable them to recognize malaria, assess its severity and take appropriate actions when the need arises. This study assessed the effect of health education on mothers perception, knowledge and treatment-seeking behavior on childhood malaria in urban areas of Anambra State Nigeria. An experimental community-based before and after study with control was carried out among mothers of under-five children in Awka south and Onitsha north LGA of Anambra state using a semi-structured questionnaire. Total of six hundred and fifty six mothers, 328 each in the experimental and control groups were selected using multi-stage sampling and were followed-up for a period of 3-months. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize information on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, chi-square test to determine association between variables. All respondents had heard of malaria. The percentage of good perception increased significantly among the intervention group from 81.4% to 92.9% after 3-months.The mean knowledge score in experimental group was 11.8 ± 1.81 and control 16.61 ± 2.34 at the baseline, but after 3-months in experimental group 17.77±1.35 and control 13.63±1.84. This study has revealed that there is an increase in the mothers perception and decrease in their mean knowledge on childhood malaria in the urban areas in Anambra State 3-month after . Therefore there is need for improving and updating mother on their knowledge, perception and treatment seeking on malaria through preferred channels at intervals to increase their in-depth knowledge on malaria not withstanding their good perception on that. KEYWORDS: Health education, malaria, childhood, perception, knowledge and treatment seeking behaviour.

The Teacher who Cares: 21st Filipino Teacher []


The concept of care is intended to appropriate it as a primary quality of a teacher before, during and after the teaching process. Learning has become varied so that even extracurricular, co-curricular activities are already venues for learning. All these are possible because teachers primarily provide necessary learning experiences for learners. The paper aims to provide a better understanding of the primary quality of teachers and students in a school setting. Particularly the paper will answer the following questions, (1) How is care depicted as a quality of a teacher; and (2) What does care imply in the utterances of the teacher when imparting his knowledge. The paper is a qualitative in nature. It is an appropriation of the Philosophy of Heidegger particularly on his idea of care. Care will be used as a primary quality of Filipino teachers. The analysis of the paper is divided into two portions. The first part is an introductive description of the idea of care in relation to being a teacher. This will be the grounding of the analysis to the Filipino teacher. The second part is an analysis testimony as means to express the care that teachers embody resulting to the trust that is built in the relationship.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF LIVINGSTONE TOWN IN SOUTHERN PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA []


The paper looks at the impact of Covid 19 epidemic and how it affected the social-economic development of Livingstone town which is the tourist capital of Zambia in the Southern Province of Zambia. This pandemic COVID-19 has given rise to in global trials, economic and healthcare crises, and modelled spillover impacts on the global industries, including tourism and travel that is the major contributor to the growth of the tourism industry worldwide and Livingstone town. The tourism and relaxation industry has stumble upon the COVID-19 tourism the hospitality industry were the hardest-hit and lies among the most impaired global industries. The freedom and internal tourism point out a steep decline amounting to trillion US dollars, which computed more than 50% revenue losses. The paper explores the impact, results and settings of the COVID-19 pandemic and how it has changed the livelihood of people in the tourism and hospitality industry. The findings of the study provide insights in regaining the tourism industry's operational activities and offer helpful suggestions to government officials, scholars, and tourism firms to reinvest in the tourism industry to set it back to a normal position.

Towards a Peaceful Future: A Non-military Strategy to Ending Conflicts and Violence in Nigeria []


Nigeria’s development has been to held to ransom by polycrisis since independence, paramount among them is organized violence. The Boko Haram insurgency in the north-east, banditry in the north-west, herders-farmers violence in the north-central, resource control militancy in the south-south and IPOB’s secessionist crisis in the south-east, making the country third with highest incidence of violent attacks worldwide. Despite heavy military expenditure and campaigns, five out of six of Nigeria’s geo-political regions continue to be locked in furious insurgencies which has consumed thousands of lives with millions displaced, raised food prices and scarcity; and multifaceted humanitarian crisis. This paper assesses the feasibility of a non-military approach to rebuilding Nigeria's violent-torn society. It argues that a non-military solution offers a more peaceful and stable future for the country, as it is better equipped to address the root causes of current security challenges and rebuild fragile trust among the people. The paper also suggests that the use of a non-military approach could circumvent military intervention in the country, create more constructive relationships with the government and relevant groups; and moderate ethnic and religious extremism. The paper uses information from primary and secondary sources, and historical and content analysis methods of discussion. Keywords: Polycrisis, Violence, Non-military, Security and Peacebuilding.

Causes of lateness to school among senior secondary school students in Kwali Area Council. Abuja, Nigeria []


Abstract The study investigated the causes of lateness to school among senior secondary school students in Kwali area council, FCT Abuja, Nigeria and possible solutions. The design of this study was descriptive survey research. The population included all Physics and Mathematics teachers, and all Physics and Mathematics students in public schools in Kwali area council, under FCT Abuja in the 2021/2022 academic session. Data was collected using students questionnaire, tagged: Latecomer Student Questionnaire (LCSQ). The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0; mean and standard deviation were used as statistical tools. The result showed that waking up late in the morning leading to the missing of early morning subjects was the major factor responsible for lateness to school. Result showed that female students went late to school more than their male counterparts. It was therefore recommended that government at all levels should increase education budget with the view to increasing number of schools. This would reduce students home- school distance, thus reducing students’ lateness to school and Parents, especially mothers should reduce giving domestic activities to female students at home especially in the morning hours within which students get ready for school.

Prevalence of preterm birth and associated risk factors at Kirehe District Hospital, Rwanda []


Preterm birth occurs when delivery happens at less than 37 completed weeks of gestation as defined by WHO. In Rwanda, 35,000 babies are born prematurely each year and 2,600 children die due to the complications of preterm births. Cross sectional study design helped researcher to determine factors that are associated with preterm birth among mothers delivered at Kirehe District Hospital. Systematic sampling technique was used to select sample of 422 respondents from 3092 mothers delivered at Kirehe District Hospital within the period of six months. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire which was conceptualized according to the research objectives to answers each of research questions. To analyze data of this study, SPSS V.21 was used and eventually, enable to calculate measures of central tendency. All data from different components of the questionnaire was entered to an SPSS computer program by researcher and further cleaned. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the bivariate analysis was then entered into a multivariable logistic regression to control effect of confounders. The statistical significance was confirmed at the p-value < 0.05 with 95% of Confidence interval. The study findings showed that the majority 72.7% of respondents were aged between 21 to 35 years. The findings of this study revealed that 15.20% respondents had premature delivery. The study showed that there were statistically significant association between education level, religion, alcohol use, times of ANC attendance, onset of labor, pregnancy outcome to preterm birth. Women who attended ANC three times were less likely to have a premature birth [AOR: 0.314; 95%CI: 0.172-0.581; P-value: <0.001] compared to women who attended ANC two times and below. Ministry of Health is recommended to enhance 8 standards visits of ANC through different health facilities and all services packages during ANC. Researchers are recommended to make further studies to see how preterm birth can be minimized and how risk factors revealed in the current study can be addressed and interventions to be put in place.

Risk and Coping Strategies of Teachers during the Transition to Modular Delivery of Instruction []


Abstract This study determined the risks and coping strategies encountered by teachers in the transition process to modular learning delivery of instruction, during the school year of 2020-2021. This study used the phenomenological qualitative method of research. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The participants were the 7 elementary teacher of Mapayag Integrated School, and were purposively selected. It was interpreted using the PAIS method. Generally, there are seven risks encountered by teachers: (1) Arduous Unprecedented shift of instruction (2) Insufficient support system (3) Inadequate activities for mastery of competencies (4) Biases in assessing learners performance (5) Low emotional and academic drive (6) Increased health risk exposure and (7) Stressful adjustments. There were also seven coping strategies made by teachers, as they encountered those risks: (1) Embracing new instruction (2) Adequate funding and access for school supplies (3) Aligning the curriculum (4) Providing necessary activities for full mastery of skills (5) Teacher-Parent Collaboration (6) Being Innovative When Reaching Out and (7) implementing practices for safety and sanitation Keywords: Risks, Strategies, Transition, Modular Learning Delivery Approach

COMPUTER PROGRAM on GUESS GAME of THE 100 METERS SPRINT FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETE []


ABSTRACT The basic of computer program (CP) for game1) is natural science base. this game is guess making speed (V) of 100-meter (m) sprint, that is from the data input, data analysis, process of guess, the end of games (repeat or stop). The game of 100-m sprint and guessing game to find the speed in aerobics (V maximum) or anaerobic is great fun to kill time and brain teaser. That 100-m sprint running has two activities to be change energy in 100-m sprint. The 1st aerobic burning was reacted respiration of oxygen and carbohydrate2). The 2nd anaerobic energy was the breakdown of fat metabolic by hydrogen2). The 1st step of game, you can entry some data as: (i). type name: …, as FIN, (ii). type body mass: .., as 46 Kilogram, (iii). type guess traveling time at some distance (as 0 = 0.0, 20 = 30.0, 40 = 31.5, 60 = 34.0, 80 = 40.0, 100 = 39.0 kilometers per hours (km/h). The 2nd you can look some criteria of result in after type your predicted from step 1st, the result as (i). CP output your model = 10 m sprint, (ii). CP your acceleration in 0-70 m = Have acceleration, (iii). CP your V maximum (aerobic) = there V aerobic, (iv). CP of V anaerobic (there or no) = there V anaerobic, (v). CP of game result (in Indonesian language) = “ANDA BENAR-BENAR MELAKUKAN LARI 100 M SPRINT”, Key word: Computer Programing, Guess, Sprint, Game.

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAMS IMPLEMNTED BY HEIs IN REGION XII []


Region XII is one of the most abundant regions in Mindanao where industrialization has not yet proliferated extensively. Consequently, it is Philippine’s main agricultural supplier to domestic and export markets. Region XII is composed of the following provinces and cities. North Cotabato, Saranggani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato City, General Santos City, Tacurong City and Kidapawan City. The research design that was employed in this study is a descriptive research using cross-sectional survey. This study also correlational as it attempted to establish relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of extension implementers and program beneficiaries on effectiveness, productivity and sustainability of extension program. Majority of the respondents were males; half of them were Ilonggos; less than half worked as program implementers in their school, less than half had master’s degree and served as implementers from 21 to 25 years. Profile of the beneficiaries show that majority were males, had gross monthly income of PhP 1,000 and below, and had been benefitting from agricultural extension programs for 3- 4 years. Most were Ilonggo, from 16-20 years old, farmers, high school graduates and had been in the community for 6-10 years. All four HEI’s in Region XII implemented livelihood programs. Among other programs, projects and activities implemented were sustainable development, environment and resource management programs. Keywords: Agricultural Education Extension, Assessment, HEIs, Ilonggo, Region XII

THE INFLUENCE OF WORK ETHOS, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN REGIONAL COMPANY BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT BAHTERAMAS KONAWE []


The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze (1) the effect of work ethic, work environment, and job satisfaction on employee performance. (2) The effect of work ethic on employee performance. (3) The influence of the work environment on employee performance. (4) The effect of job satisfaction on employee performance. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population of this research is all employees of PD. BPR Bahteramas Konawe has as many as 30 people, and the sample of this study was determined by the census (saturated sampling). Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS program. The results of the study explain that (1) Work ethic, work environment, and job satisfaction simultaneously influence employee performance. (2) Work ethic has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance. (3) The work environment has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance. (4) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

THE EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL ABILITY AND MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AT PT. BANK NEGARA INDONESIA (PERSERO) Tbk. KENDARI BRANCH OFFICE []


This study aims to determine and analyze (1) the effect of managerial ability and motivation on employee productivity; (2) The effect of managerial ability on employee work productivity; and (3) the effect of motivation on employee work productivity. The population in this study is all employees at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Kendari Branch Office. As for determining the number of samples in this study is to use the census method, namely the number of samples taken from the entire population of 56 employees. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression using SPSS software. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that (1) managerial ability and motivation have a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity; (2) Managerial ability has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity; and (3) motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity.

Suitability analysis for choosing appropriate Dumpsite using MCDA for Dadeldhura district of Nepal. []


Abstract Solid waste management is a pressing environmental issue in many developing countries, including Nepal. The rapid urbanization and economic growth in these regions have led to an increased generation of municipal solid waste and hazardous waste. Improper disposal of medical waste from healthcare facilities further contributes to pollution and public health risks. In Nepal, solid waste management has become a major concern for municipalities. This research aims to address the problem of solid waste management by identifying suitable landfill sites in Dadeldhura district using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques. The study highlights the importance of proper waste collection and management to ensure the sustainable development of cities. It emphasizes the need for long-term planning, spanning 25-50 years, for solid waste disposal management. Currently, the existing landfill site in Dadeldhura lacks proper engineering measures, such as liners and perforated pipes. This results in various negative impacts, including accidents, infrastructure damage, environmental pollution, methane emissions, disease transmission, wildlife injuries, and nuisance problems. To address these issues, the research utilizes GIS and MCDA to identify potential landfill sites. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using remote sensing and GIS-based MCDA for waste disposal site selection. The research focuses on determining the most suitable landfill site in the Dadeldhura district, considering factors such as proximity to water bodies, settlements, land use types, rivers, and road networks. The objectives of the study include gaining knowledge about GIS-based raster data analysis and applying the concept of MCDA. The findings of this research will assist in selecting appropriate solid waste management sites within Dadeldhura district. The study's outcomes can contribute to various development projects, including urban planning, transportation, and the development of smart villages and cities. The research paper follows a structured outline, starting with an introduction that highlights the need for a suitable dumpsite in Dadeldhura District. It includes a literature review discussing the significance of solid waste management and the roles of different levels of government in Nepal. The methodology section explains the data collection and processing steps, including proximity analysis, reclassification, and weighted overlay using QGIS 3.30.2 software. The results and discussion section presents the map showing the suitable landfill site in Dadeldhura district, along with other thematic maps generated during the study. The limitations of the research are also acknowledged. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the findings and emphasizing the importance of GIS and MCDA in determining suitable landfill sites for solid waste management. KEYWORDS: Solid waste management, landfill site selection, Geographic Information System (GIS), Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Nutrition among Mothers with Under 5 Years Undernourished Children in Kicukiro District, Rwanda []


This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on nutrition among mothers with under five years undernourished children in Kicukiro District of Rwanda.Malnutrition constitutes a big threat to the public health especially among children less than five years and it is a burden in developing countries. The study used across sectional design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 255 mothers living in Kicukiro District who have undernourished children below 5years were chosen using a convenience sampling process, whereby every mother that had an undernourished child was give equal chance to be enrolled in the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Qualitative data were treated using Atlas. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were applied. The significance was set at p-value less than 0.05.The findings on knowledge level revealed that 51% of mothers knew the types of food, 55.3% were not able to give examples of each type of food and 52.2% did not know the composition of a balanced diet. Concerning attitude on nutrition among mothers,85.1% had no food restrictions. Concerning practices, 52.2% prepare a balanced diet for their children, 54.9% practiced exclusive breastfeeding until six months; 52.2% respected hygiene measures before feeding their children and 43.5% and 26.3% gave their children two and three meals a day respectively. Concerning the factors associated with nutrition practices, the bivariate analysis showed that the mother being aged under 21 years old presented a positive relationship with poor nutritional practices with 73.3%, X2=14.274, p<0.006; Also, the mother being single presented a positive relationship with poor nutritional practices with 77.6%, X2=16.860, p<0.014. The motherhaving not done any formal education presented a positive relationship with poor nutritional practices with 83.3%, X2=21.643, p<0.003. Also, wealth index presented a positive relationship with nutritional practices with 75.6%, X2=20.151, p<0.001; religion presented a positive relationship with nutritional practices with 65.9%, X2=11.129, p<0.011. Also, multivariate analysis showed that mothers aged under 21 years old were three-fold less likely to be associated with good nutritional practices compared to mature mothers with AOR 0.389 95% CI (0.195-0.774), p<0.007. Also, being married was twice more likely than being a widow/separated associated to good nutritional practices with AOR 2.119 95% CI (1.053-4.264), p<=0.035. Having not done any formal education was 0.133 times more likely than having done tertiary education associated to good nutritional practices, AOR 1.133 95% CI (0.048-0.0.378), p<=0.026. Being poor was 0.237 times more likely than being rich associated with good nutritional practices, AOR 0.237 95% CI (0.123-0.458), p<=0.004. The study recommends the reinforcement of the functioning of nutritional centers, the organization of outreach campaign programmers constantly in order to educate the mothers more on the effects and prevention of malnutrition in children, and the emphasis on exclusive breastfeeding from 0-6 months. Key words: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Nutrition, Under 5 year children

QUALITY EVALUATION OF SELECTED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT SELECTED POINTS OF SALE (POS) IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS []


The levels of adulteration in petroleum product fractions of premium motor spirit (PMS), dual purpose kerosene (DPK), automotive gas oil (AGO) and lube oil were investigated. Samples were randomly collected from ten (10) points of sale (POS) i.e. filling stations within Makurdi metropolis. They were analysed for density at 15 °C, specific gravity at 15.5 °C, API gravity, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud point, and pour point, using standard procedures of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results were compared with limits set by the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) in Nigeria. Results of the anal-yses show that most PMS, DPK, AGO and Lube Oil values slightly deviated from the DPR limits. The investigated indices of the petrole-um products had ranges as respectively shown. Densities (0.71 – 0.74, 0.778 – 0.794, 0.813 – 0.858 and 0.852 – 0.885) g mL-1; spe-cific gravities (0.72 – 0.75, 0.782 – 0.805, 0.824 – 0.867 and 0.831 – 0.891); API gravity (56.39 – 65.93, 46.15 – 49.53, 32.63 – 40.32 and 27.23 – 38.76); dynamic viscosity (0.60 – 0.70, 0.89 – 1.10, 2.66 – 3.00, and 45.50 – 48.00) cP; kinematic viscosity (0.39 – 0.97, 1.13 – 1.40, 3.16 – 3.66 and 52.80 – 54.99) cSt; flash point (27.0 – 29.0, 49.00 – 52.00, 89.80 – 91.00 and 223.30 – 224.90) ℃; cloud point (-20.30 – -19.83, -10.20 – -9.86, -6.9 – -4.6 and 6.80 – 8.16) ℃; pour point (-24.06 – -23.90, -32.03 – -20.00, -12.46 – -9.20 and 1.63 – 3.10) ℃. The results of this research reveal that the purity of virtually all the products may have been compromised or altered while in storage, during transport, by dirt invasion as well as moisture attack and may pose problems when sold to end users. It is therefore recommended that regulatory agencies should be more proactive to curb the growing menace by ascertaining the extent of purity, not only at the depots where they are received upon importation, but even more at the points of sale (POS) from where they go to the consumers.

Analyse des données de surveillance épidémiologique de la maladie à coronavirus de la région de Sikasso du 1er Janvier 2020 au 30 Juin 2022 []


Summary : Introduction: The region's COVID-19-19 database had never been analyzed before. Data analysis is essential for an epidemiological surveillance system in general and more particularly in the management of an epidemic.It is in this context that we initiated this study to analyze data from the epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in the Sikasso region from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2022. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Cas was considered to be any patient with acute respiratory disease AND/OR having no other etiology that fully explains clinical presentation or with a positive test. The data was analyzed using Epiinfo 7.2.5 and Excel software, in time and person. We calculated the means for the quantitative variables and the proportions for the qualitative variables. Results: A total of 16 615 suspected cases including 1 506 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 31 cases of death were recorded in the Sikasso region during the study period. Mine workers presented 38% of cases, and males predominated with 78%. The median age of confirmed cases was 37 years with a range of 2 years to 88 years. Among the confirmed cases, 40% (600/1506) were hospitalized for all forms combined and the serious cases died, i.e. 2% (31/1506) in the regional hospital. Conclusion: The analysis of COVID-19 data allowed us to understand the evolution of the disease over the past three years. Most of the patients were asymptomatic with a median age of 37 years. The months of December to January, the disease was more frequent reaching its peak in January. Keywords: Analysis, COVID-19, Sikasso, Mali, 2022

Facteurs associés à la faible couverture vaccinale en VAR1 chez les enfants de 9-23 mois dans l’aire de santé de Nièna central, district sanitaire de Nièna, 2022 []


Introduction: Measles is an extremely contagious disease, responsible for complications in 20-30% of cases, but preventable by vaccination. In the health area of Nièna central, the vaccination coverage of the 1st dose of measles vaccine (VAR1) was (91.6%) in 2021. The objective of our study was to investigate the factors associated with low VAR vaccination coverage among children aged 9-23 months in the central Nièna health area, 2022. Methods: this was an analytical cross-sectional study that took place from July 1 to September 30, 2022. WHO cluster sampling was used. Bivariate analysis was performed to look for an association between factors and low vaccination coverage in VAR1. Calculating the odds ratio (OR), p-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% CI was the significance level. Results: A total of 210 parents of children aged 9-23 months were interviewed. Mothers with more than 5 children (OR=2.49; p=0.004), children born outside health facilities (OR=4.97; p=0.008), missed vaccination opportunities (OR=2.68; p=0.006) and vaccine breaks (OR=6.91; p=0.0005) were associated with low VAR1 coverage. Conclusion: Mothers with more than 5 children, children born outside of health facilities, missed vaccination opportunities and vaccine shortages were associated with low VAR1 vaccine coverage. We recommend that parents be made aware of the need to respect the vaccination schedule and to ensure the availability of vaccination inputs. Key words: Vaccination, Associated factors, Children 9-23 months, Nièna, Sikasso, 2022.

Smoking and Subjective Well-being in South Africa []


The effect of smoking cigarettes on measures of subjective well-being such as life satisfaction is gaining momentum despite the fact that it received less scholarly attention, especially in Southern Africa. Given the potential health and social effects of cigarette smoking, policymakers around the world are debating on whether tobacco control measures should be strengthened based on well-being of cigarette smokers. Applying an ordered logit regression model to Wave 5 cross-sectional data from the 2017 National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) for South Africa, the paper examined the effect of smoking cigarettes on the life satisfaction of cigarette smokers in South Africa. The main finding of the paper is that cigarette smokers are less likely to report high levels of life satisfaction compared to non-smokers. Thus, based on the adult sample used, non-smokers experience more life satisfaction than cigarette smokers in South Africa. Therefore, programs aimed at helping smokers to overcome their addiction such as cessation therapies and pre-emptive education are recommended as policy responses.