Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

Sirenomelia: A case report and review of the literature [PDF]
Amal Bayar(1) , Dhekra Toumi(1) , Yosra Jemaa(2) , Ines Zouari(1) , Imen Ghadhab(1) , Rahma Issa(3) , Ghada Khouildi (3) , Amina Mnejja(3) , Olfa Zoukar(1) , Raja Faleh(1)

Abstract:Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the more or less complete fusion of the two lower limbs, consistently associated with significant urinary abnormalities. Its etiology is still very controversial.We report a case of sirenomelia diagnosed early at 15 weeks of amenorrhea + 6 days in a 26-year-old woman during a follow-up obstetric ultrasound. The patient reported in her history an infection with COVID-19 at 11 weeks of amenorrhea which was pauci-symptomatic. Is there really a causal link between these two conditions? In this work we discuss the embryopathogenic and etiological factors of this anomaly, the interest of ultrasound diagnosis and the different malformative associations.

Valuation of Cost and Returns of Potato Crop with Projected Implications in Punjab province of Pakistan [PDF]
Muhammad Tahir Latif, Iftikhar Ahmad, Muzzammil Hussain, Muhammad Asghar, Majid Hamid and Muhammad Hamid Rafiq

The study was conducted to estimate the costs and returns of potato production, to determine the factors affecting the production and to calculate the projected values of production to give some policy recommendations. The primary data was collected on production parameters with sample size of 100 and non-probability sampling technique from division Gujranwala of Punjab province during 2020-21. Economic parameters like operational cost of production, yield, net profit and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) were computed as Rs. 105947/acre, 290 mound/acre, Rs. 140553/acre and 2.33 respectively. Thus growing potato is profitable enterprise as returns are more than double against the cost incurred. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the factors affecting the production of potato. The results revealed that the education, experience of potato growing and land holding were contributing positively and significantly to potato production. However, owing the existence of fruits and vegetables market far away from farm showed a negative impact on yield. Variables like dummy extension services and dummy use of family labor were contributing positively but non-significantly. The value of R2 implies that 58% of the variations in the dependent variable were explained by the independent variables. Based on above 25 years secondary data with time series analysis by adopting stochastic model of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (2, 3, 1) at maximum probability of 95% confidence interval for Punjab province the potato production is predicted to increase (95.63 percent) from 7735.9 thousand ton in 2021 to 15134 thousand ton in 2030. Similarly, in district Sialkot area the potato production is predicted to increase (17.36 percent) from 110.4 thousand ton in 2021 to 129.56 thousand ton in 2030. However, in district Gujranwala area the potato production is predicted to decrease (-204 percent) from 7.5 thousand ton in 2021 to -7.8 thousand ton in 2030. Better stable market price, high yielding varieties and pure fertilizer at subsidized rates may be the factors to increase the potato production. Policy makers and extension workers should motivate the farmers to increase the acreage under cultivation of potato in division Gujranwala. Keywords: Cost, Gujranwala, Potato, Production, Punjab, Returns

Improving Maintenance Strategy of a Natural Gas Powered Generator Using Reliability Technique: A Case Study [PDF]
Nweze, N. C., Ukpaka, C. P., and Nkoi, B.

The work seeks to improve the maintenance strategy of a natural gas powered generator using reliability techniques. In this study, the analysis was done in order to estimate generator reliability using failure data thus natural gas powered generator in Awoba flow station and gas plant are used as the case study to examine the maintenance strategy of the equipment. The operation time/running time, MTBF, downtime, failure rate, repair rate (ƞ) reliability, unreliability, availability and unavailability of the gas generator was determined using Monte Carlo reliability analysis Model. Thus the data regarding the generator operated in Awoba flow station industrial plant was collected from the maintenance department New cross energy for four (4) years period, before they were further analyzed. Based on the explanatory results the reliability and availability by failure modes and generator units are determined. The research showed that the failure rate of the generator increases from the first year 0.000570 to the fourth year 0.00136, also, the reliability of the generator decreases from the first year 30.81% to the second year 20.82%, then slightly increase from the third year 24.15% to the fourth year 25.14%.Thus, the availability of the generator is decreasing from the first year 0.9672 to the fourth year 0.8849 .This research work recommends maintenance personnel should properly monitor the failure rates of the generator by adopting proper maintenance policies, it surely improve the efficiency of the generator and its working hours.

The Influence of Organizational Culture, Motivation and Emotional Intelligence on Employee Work Productivity at the Manpower and Transmigration Office of West Sumatra Province [PDF]
Suhelmi Helia, Alamanda Asri, Eka Putra Irwandi, Yelmis Sri Yetti

This study aims to (1) determine the influence of organizational culture, motivation, and emotional intelligence on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (2) Knowing the influence of organizational culture on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (3) Knowing the effect of motivation on employee work productivity at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (4) Knowing the effect of emotional intelligence on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (5) Knowing the effect of organizational culture, motivation, and emotional intelligence together on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. The population and sample in this study were 118 employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. The technique of determining the number of samples used proportionate random sampling. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis by fulfilling the requirements of the classical assumption test of normality, and multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity. The results of this study indicate that (1) organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (2) Motivation has a positive and significant effect on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (3) Emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. (4) Organizational culture, motivation, and emotional intelligence together have a positive and significant effect on the work productivity of employees at the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of West Sumatra Province. Keywords: Organizational culture, motivation, emotional intelligence, and employee productivity

THE EFFECT OF INCENTIVES, WORK ABILITY, CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND POSITION PROMOTION ON WORK MOTIVATION OF KAMPAI HEALTH CENTER EMPLOYEES TABU KARAMBIA, SOLOK CITY [PDF]
Suhelmi Helia, Toni Ferdianto, Irayanti Busril, Yusmiati, Olivia Dasriani, Afrianus

This study aims to determine the effect of incentives, work ability, job promotion, and career development on employee work motivation. This research is motivated by incentives that are felt to be less supportive in carrying out work, acceptance of perceived work ability is still low, awareness of attendance at work is still low, obedience to rules and ethical behavior is still being violated, and employee motivation is still unstable and tends to be low in employees of the Kampai Tabu Karambia Health Center, Solok City. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression method. Data collection techniques with questionnaires, observations and interviews. The respondents of this study were 70 peopleEmployees of the Kampai Tabu Karambia Health Center, Solok City. The sampling method uses the total sampling methodwhere the entire population in this study was used as the research sample. From the results of this study it was found that partiallyincentives have a significant effect on employee work motivation, work ability has a significant effect on employee work motivation, job promotions have a significant effect on employee work motivation, career development has a significant effect on employee work motivation, and incentives, work ability, job promotion and career development together has a significant effect on employee work motivation at the Kampai Tabu Karambia Health Center, Solok City Keywords: incentives, work ability, promotion, career development, work motivation

VERTICAL MEANS OF CIRCULATION IN BUILDING [PDF]
Onyiri Ochioha Clement, Imaah Napoleon Ono

Abstract Circulation is an important influencing factor for the efficient functionality of a Building. In architecture, the concept of circulation refers to the way people move through, around, and between buildings or space. Circulation also refers to a way user interact with a building. This predominantly include spaces such as entrances, foyers, stairs, landing, lobbies, hall way, corridors, elevators, escalators, walkways, and so on. The size of a circulation space may be determined by factors such as; the type of use, the numbers of people using them, the direction of travel, crossing flows and so on. In complex buildings like hospitals or office buildings, signage or other forms of wayfinding may be necessary to assist people navigate circulation spaces. The purpose of the research is to derive the design guideline for circulation system in a faculty building. In this article, I will talk about vertical circulation, types of vertical circulation, and uses.

LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GULAYAN SA PAARALAN: A SURVEY [PDF]
Rex M. Roxas

This study aimed to investigate and explore the level of implementation of gulayan sa paaralan program. To facilitate such concern, Descriptive research survey questionnaire was utilized. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, F-test (Anova) were the statistical tools used in this research. The results showed that level of implementation of gulayan sa paralan program was at high implementation level in terms of objec-tives or purpose, activities, management and support, benefits, and manifested values. Significant difference was registered among the set of activities comprising the implementation of gulayan sa paaralan project Thus, success in the implementation of gulayan sa paaralan pro-gram lies on the set of activities being implemented and that its benefits and advantages will also follow. Importance of partnerships and consistency of the implementation of the program were also observed.

LEARNERS’ LEARNING, PERFORMANCE, AND APPRECIATION TOWARDS TEACHER MADE MATH MODULES WITH ACROSS CURRICULUM INTEGRATION [PDF]
Richard M. Oco

This study aimed to investigate and explore the impact of Teacher Made Self Learning Modules (TMSLM) with integration of science and financial literacy to students’ level of learning, academic performance, and level of appreciation in Mathematics. To facilitate such con-cern, Pretest and Posttest Questionnaires for Academic Performance and another set of questionnaires for measuring level of learning and level of appreciation were utilized. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and T-test were the sta-tistical tools used in this research. A total of 90 students were considered actual respondents on this study using simple random sampling method. The results showed that students’ level of learning increased from learned level to very well learned level (93%). In terms of academic performance, from did not meet expectations to outstanding (97%). Meanwhile, level of appreciation increased from not appreciated at all level to very well appreciated level (100%). Significant relationships were also registered on level of learning (r=0.937), academic performance (r= 0.967) and level of appreciation (r=0.947) significant at 0.05 level of significance. Significant difference were also registered for level of learning and academic performance (t=1.402) and level of appreciation and academic performance (t=0.908) significant at 0.05 level of significance.

KASAPI: KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AMID PANDEMIC INNOVATION: IMPACT ON STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF SKILLS AND PERFORMANCE [PDF]
Rex M. Roxas

This study aimed to investigate and explore the impact of the initiated program called Knowledge and Skills Amid the Pandemic Innovation (KASAPI) on the TLE students’ level of skills and academic performance. To facilitate such concern, Descriptive research survey questionnaire and grades of the students was utilized. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, T-test were the statistical tools used in this research. This research utilized stratified sampling in selecting the 400 students as participants in this innovation. The results showed that the students’ level of skills before implementation of the program or innovation were at Acquired the Needed Skills Level or 37%and after the implementation of the program or innovation, the student’s self-evaluation on level of skills were at Acquired Very High Level of Skills or 93%. Meanwhile, students’ academic performance data on before the implementation of the innovation revealed that students’ academic performance were at did not meet expectations or 36% but after the implementation of the program or innovation, the student’s academic performance was at outstanding level 97%. Significant difference was established on students’ level of skills and academic performance on the implementation of the program or innovation. The results further signify the importance of making innovations or remedial activities as it resonated positive feedback and performance from the students.

Demand Side Fuzzy Logic Based Management at Customer End Side [PDF]
Aminat Yahya, Abdu Biru

Demand Side Management (DSM) technique encourages the consumers to adjust their energy usage pattern to get optimized results for achieving the goal of minimizing the electricity consumption cost. This mechanism provides beneﬁts to both side customer and utility in terms of bill cost reduction (for the customer) and ensure grid stability (for the provider). To regulate the increasing energy demand extensive research is being carried out for possible implementation of different DSM techniques. In this thesis, an Energy Management System (EMS) at customer end side through design of fuzzy logic based demand side management model is proposed for demand forecasting and load scheduling. The proposed system consists of two fuzzy logic controllers, the 1st controller is applicable for the short term energy demand forecasting for the next day 24 hours and the 2nd controller is used to schedule the home appliances based on the forecasted demand. The input variables for the forecasting controllers are previous demand, current demand, day type(work day or weekend) and time period of the day. Depending on these parameters it forecasts the next day demand which is considered as its output. Then this output (forecasted demand) will feed to the second fis (scheduler) controller to schedule the specified appliances. Finally the fuzzy logic based predictive controller is developed and implemented using appropriate membership function in order to forecast the next day’s demand. And the result of this model shows that forecasted demand is highly affected by particular time period, previous demand, current demand and day type.The displayed result indicates that higher demand is occurred at peak hours and low demand at off-peak hours. Depend on the forecasted demand fuzzy logic based load scheduling controller is developed and implemented. The result of the scheduler shows at higher forecasted demand most of appliances are in off condition except continuously usable loads .And all home loads are in on condition at low and medium forecasted demand.From this we can conclude that everybody can manage his power consumption by shifting their usage from peak hour to off peak hour by knowing the demand of energy for the next day with the help of the model.and the model appropriately schedules the home loads.

PARTRIARCHY AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN CAMEROON [PDF]
Dr ngwabienwu john tumbuh

ABSTRACT This article, is on assessment of the role of patriarchy in promoting gender education in Cameroon.” Traditional societies are into normal practices that constitutes obstacles in enhancing educational equality at tertiary level and as such prevents students especially female students from fostering their educational careers at higher levels hereby, preventing them from becoming pertinent actors in the socio-political and economic development of the nation. Within the context of this study, the social learning theory, the gender schema theory, the standpoint theory and the psychoanalytic theory were used to support the study. The research was carried out using the mixed method qualitative and quantitative research method whereby, the main instruments for data collection were the questionnaire, focus group discussion guide and interview guide. The simple random sampling techniques and the purposeful sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample size of 420 for the study. Basing the result on the hypothesis, they show that there is a significant relationship between Patriarchal role and promotion of gender education at higher levels. Key words: Traditional Society, Gender Education, Higher Education, patriarchy, promoting gender.

INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF CLIMATE CHANGE [PDF]
ONUKWUBE TOBENNA

ABSTRACT This study focused on “International Response on Environmental Protection vis-à-vis the Global Burden of Climate Change.” it aimed at critical examination of international response on environmental protection. The specific objectives were to examine the international policies and treaties made in response to environmental issues, to assess the statistics of states involvement in the international response, to evaluate the principles of international environmental law adopted in responding to environmental policies, to examine the states commitment and compliance to international environmental protection policies, and to analyse some challenges and the way-forward. These also defined the scope and limitation of the study. The research design and methodology was doctrinal approach, using analytical and descriptive research methodology. The main sources of data collection were various related materials, both from the conventional library and e-library. For the summary of findings, it was submitted that it is not practicable for all states in the international parlance to operate on the same international policy to respond to environmental protection, because the challenges of each are distinct from another except relatively affected. It was therefore observed that the viable solution to the negative effects of pollution and poor response is to urge the world powers like the US to honour international environmental policies. Sequel to these, the Seminar made some recommendations among others that international communities should effectively assist the developing countries like Nigeria to practically respond to her environmental protection issues like oil spillage and gas flaring which add to the burden of climate change. Also, that States should not just sign but should proceed to ratify and domesticate international policies on environmental protection. It was concluded that in order not to celebrate pollution but protect the environment, international response is needed to trigger threats internationally (as opposed to solely national or local) response, and that for countries to sacrifice their autonomy, some advantages must be gained to collectively address the environmental pollution quandaries and morasses . Finally, this work is significant in all environmental stakeholders.

Understanding Crowd Control in Sports Facilities: Through Current Design Strategies in Existing Sports Centers [PDF]
Agim Ogechukwu Hyginus , Dr. Wariebi Gabriel Brisibe , Dr. Chizzy Akani

The study investigates the importance of user safety in sporting facilities, which necessitates careful consideration. Because of the massive crowds that attend sporting events, there is a high rate of crowd catastrophe and disorderliness. One of the major concerns among researchers and professionals is the rise in the number of accidents and injuries among participants at public events, particularly sporting activities. People who attend sporting events form crowds whose safety must be ensured because crowded settings can be dangerous. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate the crowd management design elements and tactics used in the construction of sporting facilities or complexes in Nigeria and other nations. The goal is to improve the design of sports facilities so that they can better handle large audiences during extreme events, which will increase safety and security. Data was gathered from primary sources such as field investigations, case studies, and appraisals of certain current crowd management design solutions in existing sports facilities or complexes, as well as secondary sources such as web sites, documentations and journals, surveys, and other sources. This study examines some crowd control design strategies and how adaptable they are in existing sports facilities or complexes in order to improve crowd management rules for this type of public facility. It also suggests that proper attention be paid to the appropriate proportion of occupants to an area of space to avoid crowd congestion or constipation. Keywords: crowd management, sporting facilities, design strategies, safety and security

The Role of Information technology in aviation and customer safety [PDF]
Ameerah Khan, Gulam Mustafa, Farhan Bukhari, Javied Anwar

Customers expectations of building and developing their relationship with the firm are growing as a result of the development of technology and social media. The focus of this research study was to identify the role of information technology in providing Aviation Security and the safety to customers. The findings revealed that a clear and a concise relationship between customer satisfaction and aviation modern security measures exist which needs to be positive for the development of aviation industry. It is recommended to conduct a future research study in this regard on a broader scale with more access to respondents and aviation management.

THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN RWANDA. A CASE OF BANK OF KIGALI, HEADQUARTER (2018-2020) [PDF]
1 INGABIRE Elyse, 2 MARINGA KIHOOTO Elijah, 3 MUDAKEMWA Augustin

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the factors contributing to non-performing loans in commercial bank in Rwanda, a case of bank of Kigali. Specific objectives were: To evaluate the effect of capital on non-performing loans in BK, to investigate the effect of income diversification on non-performing loans in BK, to examine the effect of profitability on non-performing loans in BK and to evaluate the effect of character and conditions on non-performing loans in BK. Descriptive design was adopted in the present research by using quantitative data. The primary and secondary data were collected by using questionnaire and documentary as data collection instruments. The study used universal sampling as 74 respondents were used as total population and sample size of research. Based on the findings of the study, the results from the table 4.13, 4.16, 4.19, 4.22 showed that the correlation coefficient (R) = 0.956, 0.940, 0.901, 0.948 indicated that there was strong relationship between capital, income diversification, profitability, character and condition respectively and with the Non-performing Loans (Default loans). Based on the findings, the study concluded that banks factors such as capital, income diversification, profitability, character and condition, and handling nonperforming loans had a significant effect on Non-performing Loans (Default loans), and also the study recommended that commercial banks could assess carefully the process of delivering loans. Commercial banks could also set permanent follow-up of implementation of activities in which browser presenting during requesting loans. Key words: Non-performing loans, Income diversification, Bank capital, and Bank efficiency

MODELLING OF FORCED CONVENTION OVER FLAT PLATES USING RANDOM WALK METHOD [PDF]
ADEGBAYO, O. O., ADIO, T. A., OKUNLOLA G. S., AMUSA S. O.

This study is strongly motivated by the Random Walk Method (RWM) concept, RWM a version of vortex element method (VEM), was used to model steady state, laminar forced convention flows in plate. Numerical models were developed using RWM from the vorticity transport equation and the energy equation. The relationship for Prandtl number varying with time step was established, the results and plots from investigation of convergence stability of simulation of plates were found to be true. This study further established that the random method is a viable numerical tool capable of modeling heat transfer problems.

ARCHITECTURAL ICONISM AND URBAN REGENERATION IN NIGERIA - A CASE STUDY OF AGUIYI IRONSI MEMORIAL CENTRE, UMUAHIA [PDF]
Utah, Gospel Chika1. B.sc, M.sc (Architecture), Arc. Paul Uchenna 2.

This paper examined Iconism as when a building itself becomes meaningful to a community, a region, a country or globally. The study focuses on iconism in architecture with key iconic components: scale, recognisable form, impact and lasting impression. Aguiyi Ironsi memorial centre, Umuahia should be able to convey the message of both heroic achievement of Late Maj. Gen. J.T.U. Aguiyi Ironsi. The architectural problems addressed in the course of this study include: the ability to create an iconic building that is instantly recognisable and the challenge of creating an aesthetically appealing structure that produces a "wow-effect". As a result the main objective of this research is: to examine the impact of architecture on the urban regeneration and growth of the city, the impact of architecture elements on iconic building, adopting local and sustainable building materials and methods that are unique and iconic to the people, the use of iconic building to improve the tourism of the city, to create an instantly recognizable structure with a lasting architectural heritage and using architectural iconography to create a symbol for Umuahia, Abia State. Data collected through primary and secondary source will be reviewed and used as bases for concept generation and analysis. A study of iconic buildings from different countries in the world is however carried out so as to bring to light elements of iconism in the various iconic buildings. On the basis of the findings, a memorial centre should however be symbolic in design and represent the iconic status of the man it is dedicated to using the principle of iconism: scale, recognisable form, impact and lasting impression which encourages sustainability and green innovation through the use of recycled building material thus making it unique and iconic. Keywords: Aguiyi Ironsi, architecture , iconism, memoral centre, urban regeneration.

Assessment of Flexible Features in the Architecture of Convention Centres: A Review of Convention Centres in African Countries [PDF]
Victoria Sotonye Amachree, Anthony Enwin D.

Flexibility has been shown to increase the uniqueness of a place through time, making rooms adaptable to multifunctional usage without changing the practical needs. The focus of this study is on the design characteristics and strategies that allow for changing scenarios in the usage and operation of places. Walls, floors, and roofs are design elements that influence space in any building. Because convention centers are hubs for cultural and social activities, they draw a volatile population, necessitating the need for adaptable venues for convention centers, which are quickly becoming stable and developing aspects of any city. The study examines the adaptation to inadequacies of event spaces in chosen convention centers, as well as the architectural characteristics employed to accomplish flexibility. According to the study, the convention centers in Africa had adaptability as their flexible design approach, which was due to the usage of vast open spaces, while. Curtains and partition walls were employed as flexible design elements in the 20% of centers that had few of these components. To create a successful adaptable design, the study advised that design features for flexibility such as sliding walls, retractable roofs, and seating be employed in event center designs.

Passive Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in Film Studios: A Case Study of Nigerian Film Industry [PDF]
Wilson Ebiye Paula, Warebi Gabriel Brisibe

It is discovered that the Nigerian film industry emits around 125,000 tonnes of CO2 - 125,000 tonnes is comparable to approximately 24,000 Nigerian households. This eliminates film and television distribution and exhibition, as well as production office travel. As a result, the aspect of green innovations and passive energy efficiency is critical to increasing the affordability of the technology and industry in the long run. On the other hand, the role of the media and energy efficient design and environmental protection is critical. In contrast, energy consumption is frequently considered as a major measure of economic prosperity, sometimes at the expense of the environment. As a result, this paper aims to provide design based solutions to tackle the issue of excessive power consumption during film production and provide passive energy efficient strategies. Keywords: energy efficiency, passive, film industry, innovation

Review article "LIPID COMPOUNDS IN FISH" [PDF]
Junianto, Adhiestyrahma Syakira Davy, Muhammad Fairruz Luthfi, Syifa Nurhidayah, Ilva Viola, Fazira Parliamentary

Fish is an excellent source of food for humans. One of the chemical compounds present in fish is lipids. This article aims to obtain information on the types of lipid compounds and fat sam found in fish and the benefits of omega 3 and 6 on humans. Based on the literature review as mentioned above, information was obtained that fats / lipids are a group of food components which are usually known as phospholipids, triacylglycerols, sterols, waxes, and others which are insoluble compounds by water. The meat of fish that belongs to the low-fat group is white, while those belonging to the high-fat group are white to dark. Lipids in fish have higher omega-3 fatty acids compared to other sources. The types of fatty acids found in fish are more numerous than those found in the meat of terrestrial animals. Fish meat is very easy to undergo an oxidation process because it contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, rancid odors often arise on the body of fish, especially in processed and preserved products that are stored without the use of packaging and antioxidants. The human body can form several types of fatty acids, however, the intake of essential fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids, is still needed to increase immunity, lower the risk of coronary heart disease, inhibit the growth of some types of cancer, and maintain brain function especially those related to memory.

Overview of Digestive Enzyme Activity in the Digestive Tract Carnivorous Fish [PDF]
Junianto, Givani Sifa Mahararan, Eka Prisari Ningrum, Annisa Azahra Fathoni, Lemiera Marsha Majida and Anisa Dwi Putri

Catfish and cork fish are a type of carnivorous fish. Carnivorous fish need protein-rich feed for their growth and survival. The purpose of this review article is to get an overview of amylase and protease activity in the digestive tract of carnivorous fish. Based on the results of a review of several studies that have been practiced obtained an image that the activity of amylase enzymes in the digestive tract of carnivorous fish is very dependent on the type of feed. which entered his digestive tract. Natural feed can stimulate increased activity of amylase enzymes rather than artificial feed. The activity of protease enzymes in the digestive tract of carnivorous fish remains high both naturally fed and artificial feed. Protease activity will decrease if in the digestive tract of the fish no feed enters and will increase again when the feed is already in the digestive tract. Keywords: Amylase, Protease, Artificial Feed, Natural Feed.

REVIEW ARTICLE “PROTEIN IN FISH MEAT” [PDF]
Junianto1 , Nisrina Alya Hanum2 , Ami Damayanti2 , Canizares Yoga P.K2 and Naomi Golda Youwe2

Fish is one of the preferred sources of protein because fish contains high protein, composed of essential amino acids. This article aims to get information about the proteins contained in fish meat, ranging from structure, classification, type and content and benefits for the human body. Based on the literature study obtained the following information; The protein structure in fish is unstable due to several factors such as pH, radiation, temperature and organic solvents. Based on the source of protein is categorized into two types, namely animal protein and vegetable protein. Protein structure consists of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures in which each structure has a different shape of arrangement. The classification of proteins in fish meat is categorized into three, namely myofibril proteins, sarcoplasma and stroma. The composition of the three types of proteins in fish meat consists of 65-75% myofibrils, 20-30% sarcoplasm and 1-3% stroma. The classification of proteins can be based on their function, shape and composition. The function of proteins is as structural compounds, enzymes, hormones, transporters, contraction drivers, body defenses, storage, growth control and propagation of nerve impulses. The type of conjugation protein is a protein that contains other nonprotein compounds. Examples of conjugation proteins are nucleoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, chromoproteins or metalloproteins and lipoproteins. The protein content in fish meat varies greatly, this is influenced by the type of fish or its habitat. Protein in fish meat consists of essential or non-essential amino acids that are useful for the body, for example the content of these amino acids, such as lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine and histidine. Fish protein is very easy to digest so that for the digestive system, especially toddlers whose digestive system is not perfect like adults. The main advantage of fish protein in comparison with other sources of animal protein is the completeness of the amino acid composition and its ease of digestibility.

Application of Condition-Based Maintenance Monitoring to a Palm Oil Processing Plant: A Case Study of SIAT Nigeria Ltd. [PDF]
AMEKI, C., Barinyima Nkoi, and Okwu E. Isaac

This study is aimed at evaluating the maintenance management strategies of a palm oil plant using condition-based monitoring techniques. Failure rates of the component, downtime, the cost of monitoring equipment to conduct condition monitoring and the cost of labor, depreciation cost of the measuring equipment and the total cost of inspection for the machine were evaluated using data obtained from the palm plant for years 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The result showed that the MTBF of the rotor component decreased from 2717.5 hrs in the first year to 468.6hrs in the fourth year, the MTBF of the bearing decreased from 1881.7hrs in the first year to 468.6hrs in the fourth year, the MTBF of the cracking pot decreased from 1558.7hrs in the first year to 292.9hrs in the fourth year while the MTBF of the drive shaft decreased from 5435hrs in the first year to 585.75hrs in the fourth year. The cracking pot had the highest of 0.00341 in the fourth year, inspection cost analysis was evaluated and was observed to be deprecating. The cost of measuring the equipment increased from 2800000 in the first year to 3550000 in the fourth year, the total inspection cost increased from 3708870.9 in the first year to 4995000 in the first year. It was recommended that there should be continuous review and improvement of the condition-based maintenance strategies to help the firm competes in the market and that the management should invest time, money and resources for the successful implementation of a good condition-based maintenance strategy.