Volume 10, Issue 6, June 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

[1]  [2]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]  [7]  [8]

Barriers and facilitators to implementation fidelity of trichiasis surgery program, and its favorable postoperative trichiasis surgery outcomes in Northern and Eastern Uganda; A case study of Northern and Eastern Uganda. []


Introduction Trichiasis surgery is done to correct trachomatous trichiasis and prevent blindness, and to achieve this successfully, the entire trichiasis surgery program must be delivered with a high implementation fidelity level. Implementation fidelity is the degree to which an intervention is delivered as intended. Trichiasis surgery-postoperative patients experience unfavorable outcomes. Objective: To explore the barriers and facilitators to the quality postoperative trichiasis surgery outcomes and the high level of implementation fidelity of trichiasis surgery programs in Northern and Eastern Uganda Setting and participants: From December 2019 to March 2020; we purposively selected 19key trichiasis surgery program experts in northern and eastern Uganda and interviewed them about the barriers and facilitators to the quality of postoperative trichiasis surgery outcomes and the level of implementation fidelity of trichiasis surgery in Northern and Eastern Uganda. Results: The study identified individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and structural barriers including; (1) surgical related factors; (2) trichiasis surgery patient-related factors; (3) environmental and geographical related factors; (4) health resources and financing challenges; and (5) the characteristics of trichiasis surgeon. The facilitators were; (1) Integration of trichiasis surgery program components into the PHC package; (2) prioritization of health resources; (3) training and retraining of trichiasis surgeons; (4) facilitation and sustainability strategies; and (5) partnership with implementing partners. Conclusion: Our finding suggests potential approaches increase the level of implementation fidelity and quality of postoperative trichiasis surgery program outcomes include; training; TT more nurses, ophthalmology clinical officers (OCOs), and ophthalmologists in the country, increasing health financing, health promotion, and community engagement, increase program coverage, motivation of health workers, and increase on the availability of medical products and technologies in the country.

The oldest lunar calendar found in Sri Lanka, Historical overview of the moon transit []


Evidence of the use of astrology for life's purposes dates back to ancient times. Sri Lankan genealogies as well as inscriptions confirm that this practice, which was used in ancient India, especially in Egypt, Babylonia and other Middle Eastern countries, was also practiced in Sri Lanka from ancient times. It is clear that in the third century BC, before the establishment of the Sangha Sasana in Sri Lanka, the religious leaders as well as the Brahmins, who were the state priests and teachers, performed the astrological functions required of the common people by the rulers of this country. The earliest evidence of this is the mention in the Mahavamsa that the city of Anuradhapura was built in nakshatra of Anura. Nakshatras ("lunar mansions", Sanskrit:नक्षत्र, IAST: Nakṣatra), or sectors along the ecliptic. Samanthapasadika also points out that Mahinda Thera came to Sri Lanka earliest time. The Mahavamsa and the Thupavamsa state that the auspicious time for the construction of the Ruwanweli stupa in the first century AD was the most important evidence that the rulers as well as the monks used the favorable time for certain activities of Buddhism after the propagate Buddhism (Mahavamsa 29:1; Thupavamsa 140). What is done in astrology is to identify the position of the asteroids and the auspicious effects of them on man. An important evidence that Sri Lankans were keenly interested in the location and activity of asteroids is the writing of a lunar eclipse in the tenth century AD in an inscription found at the Kapararama mula in the Abhayagiri temple in Anuradhapura. The way in which astrology spread in this way is still used in all aspects of the lives of the people of Sri Lanka to this day and it is very clear that Sri Lankans are so interested in astrology. Accordingly, astrology has a special place among the advanced sciences in Sri Lanka. But here we have to pay attention to how the people of that time were aware of the lunar month pattern seen in the prehistoric cave paintings drawn in the caves at places like Narakamulla in Baticloe, Eastern province Sri Lanka. Europe, Africa, and the Middle East have unearthed paintings and engravings based on the moon and the sun. However, no prehistoric cave paintings have been identified or researched in Sri Lanka based on the lunar calendar. This research paper aims to further illustrate the painting that was created to identify the lunar month pattern drawn in a cave in the Narakamulla area of ​​the Batticaloa District.

Discourse Analysis: Overview and Significance in Language Teaching in EFL Classrooms []


The main goal of language teaching is the learners’ interaction competence, in both written and spoken form. Not all of EFL learners, nevertheless, are able to successfully communicate in English since they do not fully comprehend the knowledge of language and are not good at language use. Therefore, many linguists and researchers have investigated the teaching language on the ground of discourse analysis. This paper aims at studying the notion of discourse analysis (DA), its significance in language teaching in the EFL classrooms. It will shed light on discourse analysis and the relation between text, context and discourse as well as how discourse analysis is important in teaching English. Furthermore, the researcher discusses applications of DA in language teaching in EFL classrooms and suggests some effective ways of teaching to improve the quality of English language teaching and learning. Keywords: discourse analysis, text, context, significance, language teaching.

Optimal Sizing and Allocation of STATCOM for High Voltage Transmission System Voltage Stability Improvement Using PSO Algorithm []


Modern power system faces many challenges due to daily increasing complexity in function and structure. In the recent past, one of the problems is the instability of the power system due to the lack of new generation and transmission facilities and the operation of existing facilities run by the increasing load demand. Also the main problem to voltage instability is the limit of reactive power. Voltage instability occurs due to the increasing load demand and requirement in reactive power control. The consequence of voltage instability may cause progressive and un-controllable decline in voltage. Now the reactive power limit and voltage stability can be improved by using FACTS devices. In this paper, Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) which is a shunt connected FACTS controller is used to improve the voltage stability of Yangon Electric Supply System. The location and sizing of STATCOM is executed by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Modelling and simulations are executed using MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results show that the application of STATCOM can improve the system voltage stability under normal condition and under contingency condition.

Theoretical study of the interaction of IRMOF-1 (MOF-5) with Valine, Alanine and Norleucine amino acids []


We have investigated by density functional theory, the interaction of amino acids such as valine (Val), alanine (Ala)and norleucine (Nle) with a suitably functionalized organic linker of the metal-organic framework, MOF-5. The binding energy value of -8.19 kcal/mol, -9.32 kcal/mol and -5.64 kcal/mol were obtained via molecular docking for Val-MOF-5, Ala-MOF-5 and Nle-MOF-5, respectively. Also, the intermolecular energy value and internal energy value for each of the complexes were found to be very low, confirming their high stabilities and strong bonding between MOF-5 and the amino acids. This is very promising for possible pharmaceutical applications of MOF-5.

CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF WORK FROM HOME ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE []


The critical assessment of work from home on teachers' performance in the areas like technological literacy, internet access, and working environment was found to be excellent by students. It helps them in terms of understanding their lessons and managing time very well with the aid of technology. They found further that the use of technology makes them more professional in dealing with their tasks. Although shortcomings are being observed along the process due to lack of technical know-how and they are not computer savvy as we say, they are trying harder to deliver what their students expect from them. In terms of the availability of technology, it helps in promoting high-quality teaching and they can perform beyond normal and usually do in the classroom settings. The mechanisms of the work from home brought by the pandemic contribute to a lot of challenges where learners are forced to do some drastic adjustments to fit into the new learning trend. The finding reveals in this study seem to pass the test of time since the pandemic does not have the semblance of leaving the environment. Their presence in the surrounding is feared by many as it triggers them to hold on to the possibilities of having a full blast of the shift of the new normal to its traditional learning method. Despite that teachers are still effectively doing their job at home, they notice that there are some constraints experienced in doing their tasks. Their expertise and capabilities are limited they will somehow drop down their interest and become burnout. This suggests that to become productive during these uncertain times, and if the controls and limitations are evident which prolonged the new learning methodology, a review is needed to come up with a modified learning method that sustains the downtrend of learning brought by these environmental abnormalities.

Impact of COVID 19 in small scale honey producers in Chipinge district, Zimbabwe. []


The COVID 19 emergency forced several countries to adopt tight measures to contrast infection. The restrictions caused by the pandemic of COVID-19 have affected nearly every economic sector of Zimbabwe. The level of quarantine and lockdowns, seriously affected the smallholder farmers of horticultural crops, beekeepers and small livestock producers. The whole humanity has been faced with different problems, such as food insecurity being one of them. The current research aims to study the effect of the restraints imposed in Zimbabwe upon COVID-19, in 2020 on the activities of smallholder beekeepers in Zimbabwe. The study period covered April 2020- January 2021, when serious restrictions were working in Zimbabwe. The changes of the customer behavior from the prospect of honey demand throughout the restriction period have been disclosed. The investigations testify that in Zimbabwe, honey production has gone down during the restriction period. Considerable change has been recorded in the customer behavior in honey consumption, particularly during the month of January 2021. The price of honey went up and the production of honey went down. An increase in the purchase rate of honey product per one visit to the shop, as well as a decrease in the visit frequency to the shop was record. Key words COVID-19; Honey production; smallholder farmers; flowering plants; lockdown

FREQUENCY ESTIMATION BASED ON DIFFERENT TECHNIQUIS []


The technique of estimating the complex frequency components of a signal in the presence of noise based on assumptions about the number of components is known as frequency estimation. The problem of frequency estimation appears when we receive a signal from a transmitter with a known frequency, and it is often in radar, sonar, etc. applications. This problem has been dealt with by various techniques and algorithms. This research shows the methods used by researchers to estimate the frequency, which is better and more accurate in two cases when the transmitter and receiver are fixed and the other when the transmitter is fixed. The recipient is moving at a constant or variable speed.

ASSESSING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL DEATHS IN BUSIA DISTRICT; CASE STUDY OF MASAFU, DABANI AND BUSIA HEALTH FACILITIES []


ASSESSING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL DEATHS IN BUSIA DISTRICT; CASE STUDY OF MASAFU, DABANI, AND BUSIA HEALTH FACILITIES Authors: Grace Nalumu MPH-Clarke International University, BNS and Prof. Rose Poni Gore Andrea ABSTRACT Background Uganda is one of the fifty countries with the highest burden of neonatal deaths, which has stagnated at 27 deaths per 1000 live births with 30 deaths per 1000 live births in urban and 31deaths per 1000 live births in rural areas. According to the Busia District Health Information, system II, neonatal death stands at 81 deaths per 532 pre-term births. This study aimed to assess factors associated with neonatal deaths with a special focus on Busia district, Uganda. Methodology; This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional study design to assess the association between predictor factors and neonatal deaths as an outcome of interest using past data from three randomly selected facilities in the Busia district. A total of 230 records were randomly selected and used in the study. Data was analyzed in form of graphs and tests. Univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. To test the statistical significance of the association of factors on neonatal deaths, chi-squares tests were used at a 95% level of confidence. Odds ratios were also run to show the likelihood of occurrence of neonatal deaths as a result of the predictor factors. Results; The study finding revealed that 31.3% of the respondents (neonates) had died while 68.7% survived. Out of those that died (31.3%), 14.8% died within the first six days of life while 16.5% lost life between the eighth to 28 days of life. The factors associated with neonatal death included; Neonates born to mothers ages 15 to 25 years and those 26 to 35 years registered higher chances of death (OR=3.669;95%CI:1.065 to 16.139; p=0.001) and (OR=4.44;95%CI:1.326 to 14.86; p=0.016) respectively. Respondents, born to mothers that had had less than two births (parity) had higher chances of neonatal death unlike those who had more than two births (OR=2.845;95%CI:1.348 to 6.001; p=0.006). Respondents whose mothers had started attending antenatal care services at more than four months of pregnancy had increased chances of neonatal deaths as compared to those who started at less than four months (OR=2.939;95%CI:1.402 to 6.159; p=0.003). However, the study established significantly higher chances of neonatal deaths among respondents whose last age at birth was 18 to 25 years and 26 to 35 years (OR=6.228;95%CI:1.879 to 20.642; p=0.003) and (OR=5.263;95%CI:1.489 to 18.599; p=0.01). Neonates that suffered from any illness had reduced chances of neonatal death (OR=0.279;95%CI:0.153 to 0.509, p<0.001). In addition, neonates that had red and swollen eyes, difficulty breathing, poor sucking and convulsion had reduced chances of neonatal deaths. Conclusion and recommendations: prevalence of neonatal death was found high among neonates born to mothers of age 15 to 25years, those whose mothers had had less than two births, and those whose mothers started attending antenatal care services at more than four months of pregnancy. Thus Community health workers should be identified in villages to help refer mothers for early focused antenatal care, and maternity and neonatal services at health facilities.

Premenopausal Women's Awareness Regarding Menopause Mediated Problems. []


Abstract: Background: World Health Organization defines the menopause as the end of the menstruation because of the loss of over activity. Menopause is a natural and an unavoidable event, which affects all women. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive to identify level of awareness of women regarding menopause mediated problems, the period of the study is from December, 1st, 2018 to May, 14th , 2019. The study aims to identify level of awareness of women regarding menopause mediated problems and to find out relationship between awareness of women regarding menopause mediated problems and demographic data. A non-probability (Purposive sample) sample of one hundred (100) women who are attended primary health centers at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate. The data collection is done by constructing questionnaire by the interview technique with each women, by using the Arabic questionnaire version, and it is consist of three parts: Part 1 Included Socio-demographic characteristics, Part 2 Include (13) items concerned with signs and complications of menopause and part 3 concerned with prevention from complications of menopause. Validity of the study instrument is conducted through a panel of experts who have years of experience in nursing field. Data analysis by using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency & mean of score) and inferential statistics (Chi-Square). Results: revealed that majority of women have moderate awareness regarding menopausal mediated problems. There was a significant association between the about menopause mediated problems and their demographic data with women age and level of education. Conclusion: The researcher can conclude that the majority of the women have moderate awareness regarding menopausal mediated problems. Recommendations: Recommendations about menopause and its problems and prevention and put them in the waiting rooms of health centers and hospitals, emphasizing audio-visual mass media programs about menopause problems and the health personnel in hospitals and health centers should educate women about menopause and their problems. Key words: menopause, awareness.

Knowledge and Practice of Nurses concerning Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infection []


Nosocomial or ‘healthcare associated infections’ occurs in a patient under healthcare in the hospital or other health care facility who was absent at the time of admission. This infection can occur during medical care for other illnesses and even after the patient has been discharged. Additionally, it includes occupational infections among nursing and medical staff. This study aimed to evaluate the level of nurses knowledge and practice about prevention and control of nosocomial infection at Medical Teaching Hospitals. A descriptive design cross –sectional study was used to evaluate a nurses knowledge and practice regarding prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Also, this study was conducted in Al-Najaf teaching hospitals for period from (10th November ,2021 to 15thJulay ,2022). In this study, the sample has been acquired non- probability sample (convenient). In addition, sample was selected to obtained representative and accurate data (494) nurse working Al-Najaf teaching hospitals. The instrument that be developed in order to measure the phenomena in this study was by using questionnaire and interview which is consist of three part: First part: The demographic characteristic of the nursing staff. Second part: Concerning knowledge. Third part: Concerning practice. Moreover, the questionnaire validity and reliability were assessed by experts, and a (Cronbach alpha) respectively. The inferential statistical data analysis approaches were used in order to analyze the data of the study under application of the statistical package (SPSS) ver. (22), and the Microsoft excel (2010). The study results revealed that more than to third of sample have moderate level of knowledge and practice. Also the results indicated the relationship between nurses level of knowledge and practice toward prevention and control nosocomial infection with workplace and hospital. In addition, the results found a high significant positive correlation between overall nurses knowledge and overall nurses practice regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that nurses in hospitals teaching have a moderate level of knowledge and practice regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection. The findings of this study recommend to encourage the nurses role of model as a better way to apply of control infection.

Nurses Knowledge regarding Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infection at Medical Teaching Hospitals in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf. []


Nosocomial Infection is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in a variety of ways. The easiest is nosocomial Infections, which are infections acquired in a hospital by a patient who is admitted for a reason other than the one for which he or she is admitted. It's also defined by WHO as an infection that infects a patient in a hospital or other health-care facility where it wasn't present or incubating at the time of admission. Infections acquired in the hospital, as well as signs and symptoms experienced during hospitalization or after release, are included. Moreover, A large and growing body of literature has investigated that the occupational infection may also impact the facility's staff This study aimed to evaluate the level of nurses knowledge about prevention and control of nosocomial infection at Medical Teaching Hospitals. A descriptive design cross –sectional study was used to evaluate a nurses knowledge regarding prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Also, this study was conducted in Al-Najaf teaching hospitals for period from (1th November ,2021 to 18thJulay ,2022). In this study, the sample has been acquired non- probability sample (convenient). In addition, sample was selected to obtained representative and accurate data (494) nurse working Al-Najaf teaching hospitals. The inferential statistical data analysis approaches were used in order to analyze the data of the study under application of the statistical package (SPSS) ver. (22), and the Microsoft excel (2010). The study results revealed that more than to third of sample have moderate level of knowledge. the results found a high significant nurses knowledge regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection workplace and hospital. In addition, the results found a high significant nurses knowledge regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection and years' experience. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that nurses in hospitals teaching have a moderate level of knowledge regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection. The findings of this study recommend to the study suggested that nurses should receive more training in infection control methods.

Nurses Practice regarding Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infection at Medical Teaching Hospitals in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf. []


Nosocomial Infection is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in a variety of ways. The easiest is nosocomial Infections, which are infections acquired in a hospital by a patient who is admitted for a reason other than the one for which he or she is admitted. It's also defined by WHO as an infection that infects a patient in a hospital or other health-care facility where it wasn't present or incubating at the time of admission. Infections acquired in the hospital, as well as signs and symptoms experienced during hospitalization or after release, are included. Moreover, A large and growing body of literature has investigated that the occupational infection may also impact the facility's staff This study aimed to evaluate the level of nurses practice about prevention and control of nosocomial infection at Medical Teaching Hospitals. A descriptive design cross –sectional study was used to evaluate a nurses practice regarding prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Also, this study was conducted in Al-Najaf teaching hospitals for period from (1th November ,2021 to 18thJulay ,2022). In this study, the sample has been acquired non- probability sample (convenient). In addition, sample was selected to obtained representative and accurate data (494) nurse working Al-Najaf teaching hospitals. The inferential statistical data analysis approaches were used in order to analyze the data of the study under application of the statistical package (SPSS) ver. (22), and the Microsoft excel (2010). The study results revealed that more than to third of sample have moderate level of practice. the results found a high significant nurses practice regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection workplace and hospital. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that nurses in hospitals teaching have a moderate level of practice regarding prevention and control nosocomial infection. The findings of this study recommend to the infection control team must closely monitor nurses performance and use of infection control standard precautions, as well as address any substandard practices.

The Compositional Thought in Godfred Sackey’s Ebiawonkasama: An Analytical Presentation []


Over the last six decades or so, art music compositions in Africa have been described as a symbiosis of Western and African musical elements by music scholars such as Euba, Agawu and Dor. The description was based on the fact that African composers such as Amu, Nketia, Bankole, Mereku, and others have focused on the usage of indigenous African musical elements in Art music compositions to either identify themselves with their compositions or to situate the compositions in the framework of interculturalism. Ebiawonkasama, an art composition based on Ebibindwom of selected syncretic churches in Winneba was composed by Godfred Sackey, a Ghanaian creative ethnomusicologist. In Ebiawonkasama, Sackey exploited both the indigenous Ghanaian (African) and Western musical elements. This article aims at exposing the reader to the compositional thought and analytical narrative of Ebiawonkasama using Donald F. Tovey’s descriptive communicative type of formal analysis to unravel the several compositional styles that were used by the composer. The writers utilized purposive sampling technique and document analysis for data collection. The consequence of this paper is to provide a clear compositional and analytical presentation of a research-based composition (creative ethnomusicology) that utilizes diverse compositional scopes to add to the literature on intercultural music compositions.

Developing a Christian Theological Understanding of Islam []


This paper presents an overarching view of how a Christian theological understanding of Islam is. The outcome of this research sustains the thesis that, there is a huge theological and philosophical difference in the religions of Islam and Christianity about the oneness of God. Therefore, the paper argues that, a Christian theological understanding of Islam is ontologically not viable.

SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG GRADUATING STUDENTS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA []


Abstract There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that Kano society expects their educated youths to seek for paid employment in large private corporations, government companies or the traditional civil service. In other words, the social norm does not favor choice of an entrepreneurial career after graduation. This paper therefore, reports results of a cross-sectional study that focused on the impact of social support on entrepreneurial intentions to start a business by university students in Kano State. Data were collected from a sample of 197 graduating students. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show significant effect of social support on entrepreneurial intention. Parents need to motivate and support their childrento opt for entrepreneurship as a first choice career and graduating students should try to generate a business idea before their graduation. That may enable them to start preparing their business plan in good time. Key words: Entrepreneurial intentions, Social support, Business creation. Graduates

Design of a Plant for the Production of Ammonia and Urea Using Aspen Hysys []


The Design of a Plant for the production of 1800MT/Day of Ammonia and 1400MT/Day of Urea using aspen hysys was carried out in this work. Ammonia is produced through the Haber-Bosch process, where hydrogen and nitrogen react in the presence of a catalyst producing mixture containing ammonia while urea is produced by the reaction between ammonia and carbon IV oxide. In this work, Aspen HYSYS, chemical Engineering design software was used to design and perform material and energy balance around the plant. From the design analysis performed from the software, plant production capacity of 75,063kg/hr of ammonia and 58,343kg/hr of Urea was obtained. 7,677.6kmole/hr of methane gas, 19,194kmol/hr of steam and 3,584kmol/hr of air feeds was used to achieve the objective. The overall reaction is exothermic and the primary reformer process is characterized by a low pressure. Cost estimation carried out showed that the total purchased cost of equipment was $9,881,055 fixed capital investment was $64,545,522, gross annual earning was $72,422,247, and net annual income was $54,316,685 rate of return was 38.85% and payback time was 2.5years. Safety consideration for a smooth run of the ammonia-urea plant is also presented in this work.

FACTORS AFFECTING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROJECTS: THE CASE OF ADDIS KETEMA SUB CITY []


Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate factors affecting the development of sustainable building projects in Addis Ababa focusing on Addis Ketema Sub-city. To achieve this purpose, descriptive and explanatory research method were applied. In terms of approach, the study has utilized quantitative and qualitative research approach. Out of the total 328 (consisting of client, Addis Ketema Sub-city staffs, contractor and consultant) 180 of them were using purposive sampling technique. Accordingly, primary data was collected from 156(90.2%) respondents through questionnaires and interview with key informants. Data were also collected from secondary sources. Then the collected data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The findings of the study discover, the adoption and implementation of sustainable building in the study area are influenced by political and socio-economic barriers, financial and economic factors, technological barriers, material factors and environmental related factors. The finding of the study also verified that the adoption of sustainable building could brought about Cost efficiency, sociocultural benefit, Safety and human adaptation, and environmental benefits. Finally this study recommend that, creating awareness of stakeholders concerning the benefit of sustainable building. Besides the government, it is suggested that other private financial institutions should provide financial incentives to promote companies interested in sustainable building construction and to minimize higher investment costs, the construction of sustainable buildings can be achieved by using locally available innovative materials. Ministry of construction is also recommended to formulate appropriate strategies that stimulate the construction of sustainable buildings. The organization of an independent institution is suggested that recognizes and certify sustainable buildings, and finally the adoption of green building certificate is also another recommended strategy to be implemented Key Word: Sustainable/green building, political, social, financial, economic, technological, material barriers and environmental factors