Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Cyberbullying of High School Students in Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study []


This study explores the cyberbullying experience of the high school students in Bangladesh. The motivation of the work is to identify the internet usage and online activities that may cause cyberbullying victimization of the students of the age between 13 and 18. The study also investigates cyberbullying prevalence and impacts both as victimization and perpetration perspectives, discusses their reporting practices to parents, school officials, other adults and suggest policies to teach cyber safety strategy and generate awareness among students.

A REVIEW ON BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING FOR Off-SITE CONSTRUCTION []


Building Information Modeling (BIM) and off-site construction (OSC) are increasingly applied in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry due to their many benefits to project stakeholders, such as enhanced design visualization, improved data exchanges, reduced construction waste, improved productivity, and higher product quality. Substantial research efforts have thus been devoted to these topics in recent decades, resulting in a large amount of literature regarding BIM and OSC. This research explores the state-of-the-art in BIM for OSC by means of a bibliometric-qualitative review method. The objective of this research is to uncover the synthesis between BIM and OSC and to identify research trends as well as gaps in knowledge that can be addressed in future research on BIM for OSC. Science maps are constructed by means of bibliometric analysis in order to objectively identify the main research topics of these two fields both separately and jointly based on identified academic publications from Scopus (i.e., 4395 publications on BIM, 2841 publications on OSC, and 113 publications on BIM for OSC). A qualitative review is further conducted on 77 screened research publications (including articles, reviews, and conference papers) with a particular focus on BIM for OSC. Through quantitative analysis and in-depth discussion of BIM for OSC, research gaps are identified, and future directions are further proposed as follows: BIM-based generative design for prefabrication, cloud BIM-based data exchange for OSC, robotics and 3D printing for OSC, BIM-enabled big data analytics toward best OSC practice, benefits and its assessment model of BIM for OSC. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by synthesizing the state of the art of BIM for OSC and exposing the research needs in this area in order to improve AEC practice.

ENHANCED YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT TRAITS OF THE MUTANTS DERIVED FROM RICE CV. SAMBA MAHSURI-SUB1 AND POKKALI THROUGH INDUCED MUTATION []


Climate change resilient varieties are considered to be a long term solution to the yield loss brought about by certain phenomena caused by the changing climate. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, submergence and saline intrusions to rice field, are the most common climate-change related phenomena that cause yield losses in rice. Modern biotechnology tools, such as tissue culture and induced mutation by gamma radiation, are used in rice breeding to address this threat by enhancing genetic variability to improve plant architecture and pheno-typic acceptability of rice cultivars with known tolerance to abiotic stresses but of poor phenotype. Tissue culture and gamma irradiation of submergence tolerant rice cultivar, Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and saline tolerant, Pokkali, generated elite lines with improved phenotype and with retained abiotic stress tolerance. The study evaluated the field performance of the mutant lines in comparison with their respective wildtypes. The lines were evaluated for agronomic traits viz., panicle length, productive tiller, grain yield and yield components. Compar-ing Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and its mutant, the mutant line had longer panicle length (23.1 cm) than the wildtype (21.9 cm). The grain yield of the mutant (9.290 tha-1), though numerically greater than the wildtype (8.360 tha-1), was statistically not significantly different. In terms of yield components, though the wildtype had greater no. of spikelets per panicle compared to the mutant, the grains were signifi-cantly longer by 5.5 % than the wildtype which contributed to a higher grain yield. Pokkali-derived mutant was improved in productive tiller by 4.22%. Grain yield of the Pokkali-mutant (9.750 tha-1) was also significantly higher than the wildtype (2.740 tha-1) by 7.0%. Yield component parameters of the mutants were also significantly higher, but grain size and shape was not significantly different to the original Pokkali. The improved breeding lines generated from induced mutation of Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and Pokkali can be used as novel sources of genes for abiotic tolerance with acceptable phenotype and acceptable grain yield

ALIGNING HEALTH CARE SYSTEM WITH ACUTE AND LONG TERM CARE NEEDS OF AGED PERSONS IN NIGERIA []


Abstract Contemporarily for the first time in history a great number of people can hope to live into their 60s and beyond both in developed and developing nations as a result of advance in medicine. Again historically, public health systems have focused mainly on short-term health care for acute problems. This is basically on the grounds that transferable diseases were the main driver of morbidity and mortality also the long term care was an option that is generally too expensive. This paper therefore explores the Nigeria healthcare system the existing organizational and delivering structures and how the acute healthcare can be aligned with the long term care particularly to the elderly. The paper observed that the Nigeria healthcare system is shrouded with problems and fundamental shift in alignment of care for older people is needed. And that Instead of trying to manage several diseases and symptoms associated with the aged in a disjointed fashion, the emphasis should be on interventions that optimize older people’s physical and mental capacities over their life course. Therefore there should be more integration within the health system and between health and social services. However absence of political will, lack of evidence demonstrating that integrated care for older people can produce cost saving are some of the challenges militating healthcare integration. Finally the paper concludes that the development of coherent health systems policy and normative guidance on the implementation, evaluation and great political will is required for integrated health care for older people.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT POLICY IN SUMEDANG DISTRICT JATIGEDE RESERVOIR, WEST JAVA []


This research aims to evaluate the application of fisheries sector management policies in Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang District, West Java. This research was conducted in Jatigede Reservoir which inundated five subdistricts namely Darmaraja, Wado, Jatinunggal, Jatigede, and Cisitu Subdistricts in Sumedang District, West Java. The research was began in October 2018 until March 2019. The method used was the Likert scale and analyzed descriptive. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method of 30 respondents. The selection of respondents is based on their ability background, interests, and have influence in their existence KJA in the Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang District, West Java. Based on this results of the research, there are still infraction of Perda No 2 of 2012 article 49 paragraph 8 issued by the district government of Sumedang regarding the prohibition of aquaculture activities using floating net cages with an average index of 49.33%, and Perda No 2 of 2012 article 48 paragraph 5 concerning prohibitions to construct a building in protected areas (sempadan) Jatigede Reservoir with an average index of 60.5%. The solution needed is to make a spatial map of the Jatigede Reservoir area, impose sanctions if there are infraction, and execute socialization to the community regarding the prohibition on the construct a floating net cages and to construct a building in sempadan area of the Jatigede Reservoir.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES OF UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG THE YOUTHS IN NIGERIA []


ABSTRACT This paper examines the socio-economic effects of youth unemployment in Nigeria as well as its causes and implications. Youths are very important stakeholder in any society. They are not only the future of Nigeria, but also a major stakeholder and useful resource in nation building. However, available data show that youth unemployment is very prevalent in Nigeria with far reaching implications for stability of the society. Unemployment has a negative multiplier effect not only on the individual involved but on the society as a whole. This paper therefore identifies the main causes of youth unemployment in Nigeria which include: adoption of untimely economic policy measures, corruption, wrong impression about technical and vocational studies, the neglect of the agricultural sector, poor educational Planning and poor enabling environment, anchoring the explanation of the causes of these youth unemployment on neo-liberalism that created economic and social dislocations. The paper argues that many anti-social activities such as political thuggry, militancy, restiveness and other social vices evident among the unemployed and jobless youths are real dangers to the stability of the country. Youth unemployment has been identified as one of the core causes of the rising level of social disorder and insecurity permeating the entire country of Nigeria. The paper concludes that addressing the problem of youth unemployment must involve all the stakeholders. Suggestion from the analysis therefore are that effective policy measures such as Re–prioritization of the Agricultural Sector, reformation of educational system and Provision of Enabling Environment that will drastically reduce unemployment and poverty should be adopted to eradicate the menace of youth unemployment.

ROLE OF GOVERNANCE IN MANAGEMENT OF CONSERVATION AREAS []


Conservation areas are patches of unique natural landscapes and vital component of the environment inhabiting valuable ecosystem. They play significant role in sustainability of the natural system and humans in general. Due to their significance, their management becomes necessary. They were seen as a communal resource, and used for several functions ranging from social, economic, cultural to religious purposes. They were also managed by the local and traditional people. However, in the 19th century, the areas were hi-jacked by governments and international organizations, where formal governance of the areas replaced the traditional one. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) framework stands as a model for effective management of conservation areas and in determining their performance at either individual or system level. The body has also developed different methodologies for assessing effective management of conservation areas. Yet, management of several conservation areas across the globe have been reported ineffective, and most of those in the developing and under developed worlds are threatened by managerial factors. These have triggered the need for proper governance of conservation areas. This can be attributed to form of governance of the areas. These have subjected conservation areas to several forms of degradation, de-reservation, de-listing from IUCN database because they have become empty forest or paper parks. Recently, shared governance has been adopted in environmental management, where nature and conservation areas are managed effectively through involvement of public/local communities/indigenous people and stakeholders in the management of process. This has been proven to contribute significantly in effective management and better performance of the areas. This is evident in many conservation areas around the globe. This is because the public/local people can have sense of belonging and ensure their sustainability. Effective management of the areas depends heavenly on capacity of the government, which is a combination of several factors/requirements/indicators. Similarly, percentage of conservation areas adequately protected and manged indicates the level of commitment of a nation towards achieving sustainability, which is measured by its ability to deliver benefits at all levels.

Design of an Extraction column (A case study of separation of water -Aecetone-Acetic acid using chloroform as solvent) []


An Extraction column design for the separation of water-Acetic acid-Acetone using chloroform as solvent was carried out. the data for the design was obtained from handbooks. The simulation of the column was done using Apen Hysys version 8.6. the mass flow rate and composition of the extract and raffinate phases were determined along with the theoritical and actual number of stages, column diameter,column height, stage efficiency and tray spacing. stainless steel was used as the material of construction. Finally the results of the simulation was compared with hand calculation which showed a maximum deviation of 1.3.

CHILDREN AGED 0-15 YEARS BRAIN TUMOR: EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINIC, THERAPY AND PROGNOSTIC IN YAOUNDE-CAMEROON []


Brain tumor is the second most frequent childhood solid tumor after leukemia. Neurosurgery remains the first outcome for biopsy as well as for anatomic pathology evaluation purposes for therapeutic resections. This study was a longitudinal descriptive design with a retrospective (10 years) and prospective (6 months) study periods. The study general objective was to appreciate and describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic aspects of childhood brain tumor so as to define a prognostic profile of these tumors. 68 cases of brain tumor constituted our sample size. Patients’ clinical presentation at diagnosis was dominated by the intracranial hypertension syndrome (80.4%). Presumptive diagnosis after brain scanner was dominated by astrocytoma (47.8%), followed by medulloblastoma (8.7%) and glioma (6.5%). Only 5% of the children underwent chemotherapy and just 1 patient radiotherapy. These were the only therapeutic modalities after neurosurgery whereby all the other children went through. The rate of mortality after surgery in this study was 21.7%. Key Words: brain tumor, chemotherapy, childhood, radiotherapy, neurosurgery

DETERMINATION OF PAHs CLOSE TO- AND AWAY-FROM A MAJOR SLAUGHTER IN YENAGOA METROPOLIS IN BAYELSA STATE []


PAHs can be produced by burning such materials as coal, oil or trash asphalt among others. These PAHs can be carried by dust to un-imaginable long distances. In Yenagoa, several burning activities take place and these are possible sources of PAHs. The present work was designed to determine the concentration of PAHs in settled dust around and away from a slaughter; the largest and busiest slaughter at Swali Market, Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, was chosen for the study. Settled dust samples were collected in plastic basins, prepared and analyzed by GC-MS; samples were collected at the centre of the slaughter, 100 meters away from slaughter, 200 meters away from slaughter and they were respectively designated A, B, and C. The results for the different PAHs are as follows: Naphthalene, (Sample A, 276.007 sample B, 272.113; sample C, 276.007), Acenaphthylene (Sample A, 259.561 sample B, 254.022 ; sample C, 259.561), Acenaphthene (Sample A, 95.897 sample B, 89.1218 ; sample C, 95.897), Fluorene (Sample A, 495.085 sample B, 504.549 ; sample C, 495.085), Phenanthrene (Sample A, 268.417 sample B, 261.037 ; sample C, 268.417), Anthracene (Sample A, 135.546 sample B, 119.140 ; sample C, 135.546), Fluoranthene (Sample A, 71.417 sample B, 69.863 ; sample C, 71.417), Pyrene (Sample A, 362.956 sample B, 334.177 ; sample C, 362.956), Benzo(a)anthracene (Sample A, 140.801 sample B, 144.409 ; sample C, 140.801), Chrysene (Sample A, 76.919 sample B, 71 .000 ; sample C, 76.919), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (Sample A, 73.686 sample B, 62.668 ; sample C, 73.686). The results show no significant differences between sample around and away from the slaughter; suggesting that the slaughter under investigation contributes little or no PAHs to the environment.

Diagnosis and management of bowel obstruction in elderly patients at the general hospital of Yaounde []


Bowel obstruction is a serious affection characterized by a partial or complete and persistent interruption of the normal flow of luminal content. Bowel obstruction is one of the most frequent emergencies in general surgery, commonly affecting elderly patients, yet resulting with bad prognostics. Consequently, morbidity and mortality from bowel obstruction in elderly patients is high. Though, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and management of bowel obstruction in recent years, little is known whether this progress has benefitted outcomes in elderly patients in Cameroon regarding morbidity and mortality related to this intestinal obstruction. As such, this design study aims at evaluating the morbidity and mortality of intestinal obstruction in elderly patients.

EC-CHINA TRADE MECHANISM – A NEW ROLE FOR A NEW GOAL []


ABSTRACT: In the course of recent years, Washington has come to grasp an approach of key challenge with China. The Trump organization's National Defense Strategy and National Security Strategy clarify that the United States considers China to be an incredible power rival militarily as well as in a challenge for financial and mechanical amazingness. Accordingly, a successful alliance to deal with China's ascent can never again focus on Asian security organizations alone yet should now incorporate the world's foremost groupings of monetary power, mechanical advancement, and liberal popularity based qualities. Among these are a large number of the United States' accomplices in the Indo-Pacific, for example, Australia, India, and Japan. In any case, the European Union and its real part states are additionally winding up progressively basic U.S. partners in managing China. As EU-China summit approaches, Europe has started to on a very basic level reevaluate its China strategies. The move is so generous than even prepared Asia hands have depicted it as a "transformation." Despite contrasts among the EU part expresses, the general push of the change is in combination with the new U.S. approach.

PROBLEMATIC OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY DRINKS BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LUBUMBASHI []


Consumption of energy drinks has significantly increased in recent times. Students are among the best-known consumers for less sleep in school, sports or daily activities. However caffeine and many substances these drinks contain can have harmful consequences. The objective of this research is to contribute to improving the health of students at the University of Lubumbashi by reducing the uncontrolled consumption of energy drinks. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study through self-administered questionnaires to 800 internal and external students from different faculties and schools of the University of Lubumbashi from which 62, 4% were male and 37, 6% female. The results indicate that the proportion of students consuming energy drinks was 97%, of which 59,5% were regular consumers and 40,5% were casual consumers. Calculating BMI, 3,4% of students were overweight and 0,5% were obese. Among the most consumed energy drinks, Kungfu has a proportion of 37,6% followed by Volcano (22,3%) and XXL (16%). The majority of students surveyed (52,2%) reported that they drank energy drinks several times a day, followed by 42% who drank once a day

Economic and mathematical modeling of bank loan portfolio []


The major part of banks’ assets and loan interest income makes a significant share of banks’ income. Inappropriate loan portfolio evaluation might have negative impact on a commercial bank's performance, the overall banking system, and the economic growth of the country. It is not enough for a bank to have a precise strategy, high lending culture, and observance of general principles to ensure the further growth of profitable loans. It is necessary to apply various evaluation methods of historical and present data, of ratios and factors enabling to implement coherent and comprehensive loan portfolio evaluation, and to encompass different factors as far as possible

BIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SHARK IN THE WATERS OF INDRAMAYU (CASE STUDY AT KARANGSONG FISH LANDING BASE) []


This research was conducted at the Karangsong Fish Landing Base Indramayu, West Java from April 2018 to July 2019. This research aims to analyze the utilization of shark resources in various regimes through Gordon-Schaefer model, actual utilization condition of shark and directives for proper management of shark resources in Indramayu waters. The results of this research showed the MSY regime in catch production (HMSY) was 397,461 tons/year with fishing effort (EMSY) of 39.253 trips/year, MEY regime obtained catch production (HMEY) of 385,661 tons/year with fishing effort (EMEY) of 32.714 trips/year, and the OA regime obtained catch production (HOA) of 220,274 tons/year with fishing effort (EOA) of 65.428 trips/year. The optimum profit was obtained in MEY regime of Rp 4.132.858.000. Actual utilization conditions for management shark resources have experienced overfishing. Management directions of shark resources are by reducing gill nets from 864 units to 216 units, and by adding fishing rods 0-5 GT from 56 units to 85 units, limited entry of shark fishing effort from 989 trips to 7.528 trips. Total Allowable catch for shark utilization is 317,969 tons, with a quota of gill nets of 276,633 tons and fishing rods of 41,336 tons. This management directive applies only to use of shark resources that can still be used (not prohibited), while the use of banned sharks (protected) is given strict sanctions through law enforcement against protected shark fishermen.

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER INPUTS ON CLIMBING BEAN PRODUCTION IN MBEERE NORTH SUBCOUNTY []


The farming of climbing bean is yet to be embraced by many, yet it is a variety capable of producing more than 75 percent than traditional beans, alternatively known as bush beans. Whereas the latter can produce up to 25 pods, with proper farming practices, climbing beans from certified seeds can produce up to 100 pods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and Rhizobium inoculation on production of climbing beans and subsequently the beans nodulation in Nandi North region. In this study a Randomised Block Design (RBD) model was used with three blocks/replications and the application of the four treatments (0=Control, 1= Inorganic, 2= Rhizobium inoculant and 3=Organic fertilizers). In addition, there were 12 data points for every treatment considered in the experiment which resulted to 36 observations for each block. The quantities that were applied at single level for each treatment will be 20t/ha for Cattle manure, 50 kg/ha for DAP and 100 g for rhizobium inoculum which was mixed with 15 kg of climbing beans. The results revealed that organic fertiliser has a significant effect on the yield of climbing beans; inorganic fertiliser has a significant effect on the yield of climbing beans and rhizobium inoculum has a significant effect on the yield of climbing beans. It was clear that all the fertiliser inputs had a significant effect on the yield of climbing beans. From the findings and conclusions, the study recommends that small scale farmers and large scale climbing beans farmers should adopt the use of fertilizer inputs so as to boost their yield.

Mathematical Modeling of the Dynamics With respect to Dog Rabies Disease []


A SEIR model for rabies between dogs with vaccination effect is formulated. The basic reproduction ratio for this model is derived using the Next Generation Matrix Method. Graphical solutions of the differential equations are produced using Matlab. Stability analysis is performed and the impact of vaccination is analyzed.

On the Poetry of The Dog Beneath the Skin []


The Dog Beneath the Skin is the first play to be coauthored between Wystan Hugh Auden and Christopher Isherwood. It is a play written in verse, which creates a challenge of success for the dramatists for two reasons, the first is that it deals with verse, the second it is collaborative. The study through the collaborators, trying to show, to what extent, both achieved attainment in dealing with verse drama. This study also endeavors to trace the poetic features in The Dog Beneath the Skin and to attempt proving the capability and controllability in writing successful drama in verse through collaboration. This paper is done by using an analytic-critical method. It is an approach to a drama shared by both Auden and Isherwood. The study tersely traces the growth and elaboration of poetic drama until the twentieth century. It goes through the sort of collaboration between Auden and Isherwood. It is concluded by examining and analyzing, its central part, the poetic features and essentials in the play The Dog Beneath the Skin.

ADAPTIVE WALKING GAIT FOR HEXAPOD PHANTOM_ || ROBOT TO FOLLOW A SMOOTHED PREDEFINED PATH []


Animals’ natural locomotion shows a high level of robustness and adaptability which enable them to transfer through rugged terrains. Although hexapod robots have such great superiority to adapt with rugged terrains, it still has some difficulties to follow an exact smooth path. Regular periodic gates could not be able to adapt with such challenges. In this work, an adaptive walking gait is developed to deal with the challenge of following an exact pre-defined path in the Cartesian space. The case study hexapod Phantom_ll robot model is simulated at Sim-mechanics toolbox under MATLAB® to gauge the introduced adaptive gate. Besides, the case study hexapod Phantom_ll robot kinematic model is evaluated which consists of two main tasks, robot forward kinematics and robot inverse kinematics. Forward kinematic is calculated using Denavit-Hartenberg method and inverse kinematic algorithms are obtained geometrically. Moreover, the robot stability margin and kinematic constrains are considered. The simulation results proved the adeptness of the presented adaptive gait.

TRENDY RESIDENCE MECHANIZATION USING BLUTOOTH AND SMART PHONE []


The main objective of this project is to develop a home automation system with mechanical man application controlled remote. Modern homes ar bit by bit shifting from typical switches to centralized system, involving wireless controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall switches are more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped people to do. In Bluetooth based home automation system the home appliances are connected to the microcontroller PCB board at input output ports using TRIAC. The program of microcontroller PCB board is based on high level interactive C language of microcontrollers; the connection is made via Bluetooth. The password protection is provided so only authorized user is allowed to access the appliances. The Bluetooth connection is established between microcontroller PCB board and phone for wireless communication. One circuit is designed and implemented for receiving the feedback from the android smart phone, which indicate the status of the device Remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone/Tablet etc., with Android OS, upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch screen operation. In order to achieve this, Android application act as transmitter, which sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected. By operational the required remote activate the transmitter, the hundreds is turned ON/OFF remotely through wireless technology. The microcontroller used here is of 8051 family. The loads are interfaced to the microcontroller using Opto-isolators and TRIAC’s.

Diversité des communautés des nématodes parasites associées aux cultures maraîchères dans la zone périurbaine de Bamako (Mali) []


Abstract : The development of market gardening is faced with numerous abiotic and biotic constraints. Among the latter are plant parasitic nematodes. For a sustainable management of these nematodes, a faunistic inventory was carried out in 5 market garden sites around Bamako to estimate their importance. The nematological analysis revealed the existence of 9 kinds of phytonematodes in the rhizosphere of the main sampled crops among which the very harmful Meloidogyne gall nematodes. They have been both common and abundant in all sites. Key words: vegetable crops, densities, ectoparasites, endoparasites, nematodes, sites

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE VARIATION EFFECTS IN HORIZONTAL PROTECTION LEVEL (HPL) USING RECEIVER AUTONOMOUS INTEGRITY MONITORING (RAIM) []


Abstract—the key point of this paper is to modify coding that may possibly determine the Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) from a GPS receiver. HPL is used to describe the user location errors with an assurance of 99.9999% and generally useful in aviation industry. The use of navigation systems in aviation demands a high value of belief in the result to be used. Integrity referred as the measure of the belief that can be placed in the accuracy of the information provided by a navigation system. Reliability characterizes a navigation capability to give well-timed caution to users when the Global Positioning System (GPS) ought not to be used for navigation. There is much architecture that permits calculating the degree of reliability on a solution allocated by the system. One of them are the reliability monitoring strategy known as Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) which consist of algorithms applied at the receiver and permit to calculate the reliability level and in case of a defective satellite that error is not only identified but the defective satellite may be excluded. Technology of RAIM has been developed around its two tasks (or functions). One of which is to identify whether there is a satellite failure. The other one is to establish whether the satellite’s spatial geometry fulfill the precision of navigation, or relevant to Horizontal Protection Level (HPL). This paper is concerned with the calculation of HPL and examines the outcome of variety in Protection Level using RAIM algorithm. RAIM algorithm identifies GPS abnormalities and satellite failures and provides the HPL value. HPL means the smallest detectable horizontal location error with available probabilities of a (FA) and (MD). The results acquired by this technique led to conclude that it could be a helpful opportunity to a future airport environment execution.

Design and Construction of a Solar Powered Evaporative Air Cooler []


Solar powered evaporative cooler using locally available materials such as galvanized iron, thin wooden strips, car radiator fan and submersible water pump of low power types was designed and constructed. The design and construction of this system are simplified in such a way that it can easily be reproduced by a lay man especially those living in hot and dry areas. In this work humidity and temperature control unit was integrated to control water supply there by regulating the humidity level of the room space while cooling. Energy consumption of this air cooler for 6hrs was 0.054kWh. This technology is cheaper and can efficiently improve indoor air quality and it is suitable for residential application especially for villages, schools and offices where there is a power outage problem or no grid extension.

STUDY OF FISHERIES INDUSTRY POTENTIAL IN INDRAMAYU DISTRICT []


This study aims to describe the activity of the fisheries industry sector in Indramayu. Analyzing the role of the fisheries industry sector in regional development Indramayu district based on comparison of the amount of production of regional and provincial fishery. This study began in February 2019 to March 2019. Research Methods literature survey was performed using data collected through surveys decisions then quantitatively analyzed and presented descriptively. Data of this study consisted of two types: primary data and secondary data. The data analysis was conducted on the Shift Share Analysis and Analysis of Location Quotient (LQ). Based on the research conducted on the Fisheries Industry Potential Studies in Indramayu, it can be concluded fisheries potential in Indramayu namely fisheries industry (LQ 1.75) and the aquaculture industry Pond (LQ 1.57) is an industry that excel in Indramayu. Shows the value of industrial production growth in net shift of Indramayu district fishery with the average of the years 2013-2017 amounted to 47.472,45 fisheries industry demonstrates the value PB> 0, which means that the fisheries industry in Indramayu had progressive growth rate. Keywords: Keywords: potential fisheries industry, Indramayu regency, Shift Share Analysis and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis.

Minasari Village Unit Cooperative Role To Improve Fishermen Welfare In Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province []


This research aims to analyze the role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Pangandaran Regency and evaluate the performance of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Pangandaran Regency to increase the welfare of fishermen. Research was conducted at the Minasari Village Unit Cooperative in Pangandaran Regency starting from January to Februari 2019 . The method used in this research is descriptive method by using primary data in the form of questionnaires and secondary data. The collected data used purposive sampling for 60 respondent members of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari who worked as fishermen. The analyzed research by Likert Scale in data processing. The research results of fishermen who are members of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) Minasari have the role of Minasari Villange Unit Cooperative Pangandaran has an averange index value at 67,07. This average index means the role of Minasari Village Unit Cooperative to increase the welfare of fisherman in Pangandaran Regency is considered good by it’s respondent which catches layur fish the most using gillnet as fishing gear and boat with 3-5 GT of the fishing fleets.

REGIME CHANGE, POLICY INCONSISTENCY AND THE QUESTION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF AGRICULTURE POLICIES. []


In Nigeria various regimes, regardless of type, always play vital roles in decision making that could enhance national development. There are series of policies and programme, such as Operation Feed the Nation (OFN), Green Revolution (GR), Universal Primary Education(UPE), National Commission for Nomadic Education(NCNE) and many others. These programmes are expected to continue by succeeding regimes but unfortunately, they did not live to the expectation.

EFFECT OF PAPER PULP ADDITIVE ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MAIZE STALK BIOMASS BRIQUETTES []


The increase in the world’s population has led to the increase in the demand for energy which is the base rock for economic growth of any country. In developing countries, the use of firewood, charcoal etc has been the major source of heat energy particularly in rural areas. The over dependant on fossil fuel as a source of energy both for heating and electricity generation is a major challenge facing developing countries. There is the need for finding alternative source of fuel that will address both health and environmental consequence of firewood for cooking. The use of biomass briquette can be a better alternative since it is relatively cheaper than fossil fuel. This research centres on the effect of paper pulp additive on some mechanical properties of maize stalk biomass briquette. The paper pulp additive was added to the various sizes of maize stalk biomass briquette in different proportions using starch as binder. Some mechanical properties such as length expansion, swelling thickness compressed and relaxed density of the various sizes and different proportions of maize stalk biomass to the paper pulp briquettes were examined. The maize stalk biomass briquette with particle size 1.5 mm and mixing proportion of 70:30 (maize stalk biomass to paper pulp) has Relaxed Density of 27.07 x 10-5 g/mm3 and Compressed Density of 34.02x10-5g/mm3 which is the best result from this research. With these densities it shows this particular size with this proportion will have a longer burning time, better calorific value than others and easy transportation. Also, because of its low swelling thickness and length expansion after briquetting, it is recommended that in the case of maize stalk biomass mixture with paper pulp briquette, the ratio of 70:30 for particle size of 1.5 mm diameter should be used..

PLANTAIN STALK POWDER AS A NOVEL ECO-FRIENDLY ADSORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF COPPER (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS []


The removal of Cu(ii) ions from aqueous solutions using plantain stalk powder (an agricultural waste) as a novel adsorbent was investigated using batch method. Factors influencing copper adsorption such as initial copper ion concentration (1.0 – 6.0 mg/l), pH (3 - 10) and contact time (1 – 5 hrs) at constant temperature 30o C (303 K) were investigated. The adsorption process was relatively fast and equilibrium was established within 2 hrs. Maximum adsorption of 89.9% for Cu2+ ions was found to occur at around pH 5. The equilibrium data obtained were analyzed using different adsorption isotherm models. The result was best described by the Langmuir model with R2 value of 0.98. The maximum adsorption capacity for the adsorption process calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was found to be 250 mg/g. The high value of the adsorption capacity indicated that plantain stalk powder can be used as an excellent alternative for the removal of Cu2+ ions from waste-water.

Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge about Physiotherapy Techniques in Basra Center Hospitals []


Assess the level of nurses knowledge in physiotherapy techniques and the relationship between the level of assessment with the practice of physical therapy and education level. includes History of physiotherapy, Benefits of physiotherapy and Physiotherapy techniques. So Methodology was a descriptive study, data were collected from staffs of physiotherapy units in Basra center hospitals number (30) samples. Instrument of this study was questionnaire composed (40) question about physical therapy techniques to evaluate nurse’s knowledge about this subject, each question had (2.5) scores from the total degree which is (100) degrees, where It was used arethematic mean, standard deviation, range, percent, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Pearson Correlation and one way ANOVA- F- test. 1- The percentage of nurse’s knowledge about physiotherapy techniques was (43.58 %). 2- Percent passed of nurses was (33.33 %) while not passed of nurses was (66.66 %), but Sample’s scores descriptive normally in Assessment of nurse’s knowledge about physiotherapy. 1- Add physiotherapy in the curricula of health institutes and colleges of nursing in Iraq. 2- Give training courses for nurses who working at physiotherapy wards about how to deal with existing devices.

STUDY OF MASS MEDIA SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN PRODUCTIVITY EN-HANCEMENT AS PERCEIVED BY FARMERS OF DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE []


The survey was conducted during 2017 to examine the role of mass media in dissemination of agricultural technology among the farmers of district Naushahro Feroze and the respondents were examined for their demographic characteristics and the aspects related to the role of mass media in dissemination of agricultural technology for productivity enhancement. The re-search study was conducted in the district of Naushahro Feroze to explore the role of mass media in the development of the agricultural production. The information through mass media include telecasting, broadcasting, print media and personal visits of Agricultural extension services and private institutions for diffusion of new technologies and techniques for improvement in the crops yield. During data collecting it was observed that mostly people live in extended families together with married and unmarried brothers and unmarried sisters under the leadership of their father, who seems the chief of household decision making apart of agricultural activities. In case of education, the data shows that only 31 percent attended formal education system where as religious education obtained through mosques and madrasahs were about 16 percent. In terms of agricultural land ownership, about 75 percent of respondents had personal land ownership, the rest were either share tenants or landless laborers. Majority of the agricultural farmers had more than 10 years crop cultivation experiences. The data reveals that major-ity of farmers that is 63percent using traditional varieties of seeds. It was reported during the data collection that about 52 percent of respondents get agricultural based knowledge through television followed by radio programs and other print media such as pamphlets, agro-based magazines and newspapers. Majority of respondents that is about 66 percent informed that sources of media was easily accessible, however, the agricultural programs often missed out due to electric outages. The sources such as print media were easily available from the nearest towns. The better timings of such programs on television or radio were suggested from the majority of the respondents between 7.pm to 9.00 pm. The respondents’ seemed pessimist when asked about the availability of government agricultural extension services. No visits were reported of the agricultural extension agents in the study areas to guide the farmers from the improved technologies and techniques of crop cultivation and better irrigation applications.

Probability of Default Estimation for Commercial Lenders in Developing Economies: Creditworthiness of Consumer Borrower []


The Business of advancing credits is gradually becoming a major target for many banks, as a result there is high competition among the nancial institutions leading to default of most credits. In order to raise the qual- ity of advancing credits and reducing the risk involved thereafter, CSM's have been developed to improve the process of assessing credit worthiness during the credit evaluation process. Previous repayments, demographic characteristics and statistical techniques were used in constructing the LR model to identify the important demographic char- acteristics related to credit risk. The results showed that DR is higher in males than in females. Married customers defaulted more than the singles and the higher the number of dependents, the higher the DR. The self- employed clients defaulted more than salary earners. Also, the higher the amount of loan collected, the higher the PD. With the knowledge of LR, it is possible to determine the credit worthiness of a borrower which may decrease bad debts, and help to set risk based credit pricing for the clients and make the credit advancing faster and more accurate.

De la littérature vers la diplomatie : Etude des éléments diplomatiques trouvés dans l’ouvrage Une vie de boy par Ferdinand Oyono []


Résumé Cet article cherche à trouver le lien entre littérature et diplomatie. En fait, la littérature depuis la nuit des temps a contribué au domaine de la religion, de la culture et même de la politique. Nous voulons voir si la littérature peut jouer le même rôle dans le domaine de la diplomatie. De plus, la diplomatie est devenue un sujet universel dans la vie des hommes. L’art de la diplomatie est nécessaire non seulement à l’international, mais également chez nous et même sur le marché. Nous pensons que l’art de la diplomatie est l’un des sujets les plus importants du monde universitaire et de la politique ; cette diplomatie est un domaine qui mérite beaucoup d'attention. Nous avons choisi un homme de lettres, d'origine francophone, Ferdinand Oyono, qui a également eu une carrière diplomatique. Nous avons choisi Ferdinand Oyono d’une part pour son rôle dans la diplomatie africaine et d’autre part pour le langage et le style souvent employés dans ses romans. Au cours de cette analyse, nous avons montré le style littéraire et diplomatique adopté par l'auteur. Nous avons également tenté de donner les raisons possibles pour lesquelles Oyono avait décidé d'adopter ce style. De plus, l'accumulation d'éléments littéraires et diplomatiques d'Oyono, la force sémantique de ses paroles, son langage parfois diplomatique, parfois satirique et parfois ironique, doté d'une force oratoire, contribuent tous à laisser une empreinte sur l'esprit du lecteur. Le style adopté par Oyono pour envoyer ses pensées au lecteur est unique et sans précédent. Tout d'abord, il adopte l'innocence d'un garçon Toundi dans The house boy, afin d'exposer la ségrégation et l'oppression de la race noire à l'époque coloniale. Oyono écrit à travers les yeux de l'innocence, une approche jugée plutôt diplomatique par rapport à ses contemporains à l'époque. Mots-clés : diplomatie, langue, littérature, négociation, interlocuteur