Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

[1]  [2]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]  [7]

THE MODERN CONSTRUCTION AT KONGO MOSQUE DIANI HERITAGE SITE, KWALE COUNTY: AN INITIAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT []


This article reports the outcomes of fieldwork conducted by the Coastal Archaeology team, from National Museums of Kenya, on 23rd of July 2020 at Kongo Mosque in Diani, Kwale County. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of the new second construction that was going on at the protected Kongo Mosque and report the findings to the National Museums of Kenya management in Mombasa. The new second constructed structure constitute modern development project that will trigger significant negative impact to the heritage of Kongo Mosque site. Therefore, if the authenticity of heritage values of Kongo Mosque Diani site has to be sustainably conserved, it is recommended that the full impact assessment study on the negative impacts of this development to heritage of the site be conducted. This will be in line with the legislative framework governing environmental impact assessment procedures and National Museums and Heritage Act, 2006 requirements. Keywords: Modern development, construction, national heritage, Kongo Mosque Diani, Kwale, Kenya

Estimation of Minerals Oxides Contents Using X-ray Flouresence in Soils of Yorro Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. []


Soil minerals are natural products in solid state and may be formed in a number of ways and they play a vital role in agriculture and industry. The mineral composition of soil samples from Yorro local government area of Taraba state was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The results of the analysis showed considerable amount of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, TiO2, CaO, MgO, SO3 and P2O3 which occur as major elemental oxides, while ZrO2, SrO, ZnO, CeO2 and Nd2O3 as minor elemental oxides. Silicon oxide, SiO2 recorded the highest total mean value in all the locations, which is due to its hardness and the ability to with stand weathering. In the same vein the results of the statistical analysis showed significant and non-significant difference in various locations on comparison of the study area. The result of this study revealed that the studied area is endowed with various mineral oxides which have great agricultural and industrial importance.

ARTICLE REVIEW: THE USE OF CANNED PACKAGING IN PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS []


Indonesia is a maritime country rich in marine resources, especially fish. Fish include perishable or quickly damaged products so that appropriate processing is needed to maintain the quality of fish. Examples of processed products from fisheries that are known by many people are sardines and canned packaged mackerel. Every product packaged with certain packaging certainly has advantages and disadvantages related to the length of storage. Therefore, it is necessary to review the use of canned packaging against heavy metal levels in sardines and mackerel canned packaging based on the length of storage time so that it can be known the impact it causes. The review method is done by doing citations from various primary sources in the form of related articles published in various journals. Based on the results of research in several articles that have been reviewed, there are differences in the influence of storage time on the use of canned packaging in processed fishery products related to the levels of heavy metals in processed fish in cans. This can happen because of differences in the quality of cans used in all brands of canned fish to affect the levels of heavy metals that dissolve into the product.

ARTICLE REVIEW : THE USE OF PLASTIC PACKAGING FOR VARIOUS PROCESSED FISH PRODUCTS []


This article aims to examine the use of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) plastic packaging in various processed fish products. Based on the results of the literature study, information was obtained that the use of polypropylene plastic packaging in various processed fishery products can extend the shelf life of the packaged products compared to polyethylene plastic. Polypropylene plastic has low gas permeability and water-resistant properties so that it can inhibit the growth process of spoilage microbes so that it will slow down the process of decay in the products in it.

COVID-19 AND ITS PERCEIVED SOCIAL STIGMA AMONG SURVIVORS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNENT, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA []


ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the perceived stigmatization of Covid-19 survivors among people who resides in Edo State being one of the states in Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out in Etete community of Oredo local government area (LGA) of Edo State. It was conducted from January to April 2021. The survey was distributed via physical contact to the respondents by convenience sampling. Results 1432 adults participated in the study (mean age: 37.5±10.1). 96% of the respondents were aware of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria. The population of this study has a good knowledge of Covid-19 as more than 50% indicated good knowledge (65%) and 35% has poor knowledge. The proportion of respondents whose behaviour indicated perceived stigmatization of Covid-19 survivors was 12.3%. The respondents in the age categories 18-24, 25–35 and ≥ 46 years were 3, 2 and 2 times respectively more likely to stigmatize Covid-19 survivors compared with the respondents of 36-45 years of age [(aOR= 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5 – 5.7), (aOR= 2.2, 95% CI =1.3 – 3.3) and (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3 – 3.2]. The unemployed and civil servants had about 3 and 2 times higher likelihood of stigmatizing Covid-19 survivors compared with other categories of occupation (trading, private employee and others). [(aOR= 3.2, 95% CI = 1.1 – 2.9) and (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4 – 3.5)] Conclusions The study revealed that majority of the respondents were knowledgeable able about Covid-19. The perceived social stigma against Covid-19 was low among the residents of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

PRINCIPAL MANAGERIAL STRATEGIES FOR STAFF RETENTION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KOGI STATE []


The study investigated principal managerial strategies for staff retention in public secondary schools in Ankpa Education Zone of Kogi state. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which teachers’ retention depends on welfare packages, training and retraining and provision of infrastructural facilities by the influence of principal in public secondary schools in Ankpa Education Zone of Kogi state. Three research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. 102 (50%) principals and vice principals were randomly sampled for the study. Principals Managerial Skills for Teachers’ Retention Questionnaire (PMSTRQ) was used as instrument for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Analysis of RQ1 has over all mean value of 1.37 with standard deviation of 0.61 revealed that teachers’ retention in public secondary schools is dependent on welfare packages of principals to a very little extent. Analysis of RQ2 has over all mean value of 2.50 with standard deviation of 0.70 revealed that teachers’ retention in public secondary schools is dependent on training and retraining of principals to a high extent. Analysis of RQ3 has the overall mean value of 2.42 with standard deviation of 0.78 revealed that staff retention in secondary schools by principals depend on provision of infrastructural facilities to a little extent. It was recommended among other things that other managerial strategies such as financial reward, recognition, responsibility, fairness, clarity and good communication should be employed and applied by public secondary school principals. Keywords: Principalship, Managerial Strategies, Staff Retention, Welfare Packages, Infrastructural Facilities, Training of Teachers

AN INVESTIGATION -INTO THE LINGUISTIC ABILITY OF BOYS AND GIRLS AT THE STAGES OF TRANSFER FROM PRIMARY TO JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN SIERRA LEONE. CASE STUDY: THREE (3)PREPARATORY SCHOOLS IN MILE 91 []


This study is researches conducted in 2010 which found out among other thingsthat in the low socio-economic strata or society. Boys performed better thangirls in tests linguistic abilities and are superior to them because they areburdened by domestic duties at home have less time for academic work unliketheir male counterpart’s. This study therefore set out to investigate whether inthe high socio-economic level of Sierra Leone where both sexes normallyenjoy same opportunities, the same tendency exist.For the purpose of this study, three private schools wereinvolved. A total of 50pupils comprising all Sierra Leonean pupils from the three schools who passedthe National primary School Examination (NPSE) in 2010 were involved.These were selected from the pass list at the three schools and identified fromthe West African Examinations Council.Chapter one is the introductory chapter containing:Statement of the problem background to the study, objectives, terms andacronyms in this report. Chapter two is the literature review, which consists ofviews of authors of textbooks and downloaded internet materials. This chapterprovides a good background knowledge relating on to the dissertation topic.In chapter three the various methods procedure that were used to collect theresearch information/data are discussed. In chapter four the various informationgathered interviewees in the field of study (research area) are analyzed anddiscussed. And in chapter five the summary of the entire dissertation activities and discussions are summarized. The conclusion and recommendations to improve teaching and learning especially of agricultural science are also discussed in this chapter.

DIFFICULTIES IN STUDYING AND TEACHING LITERATURE COURSES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS.CASE STUDY: EARNEST BAI KOROMA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – MAKENI COLLEGE []


This multi-case (two-case) interpretive study investigated the difficulties in studying and teaching the required course of literature in traditional English in tertiary institutions as well as what the students and instructors did when encountering these difficulties. Conducted in the Ernest Bai Koroma University of science and technology College this study had two types of participants; two instructors with different nationalities offering British literature and American literature respectively and the supper-division English majors enrolled in the two classes. The focal student groups from the two classes were volunteers. For cross-validation of the findings, the following data sources were includes: classroom observation for eight weeks, questionnaire (mainly to guide the interviews), semi-structured text-base and in-depth interviews with focal groups and in-depth interviews with the. Along with classroom observation narratives and analytic memos, interview data with these informants were transcript bed and analyzed.

STRUGGLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN FOUR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MAKENI TOWN - BOMBALI DISTRICT CASE STUDY: MAKENI CITY []


This study is designed to examine the struggles of teaching and learning of English language in some selected senior secondary schools in Makeni Town; which was conducted in four secondary schools. However, teachers were interviewed through the use of questionnaires, relating to the topic of English Language teaching and learning struggles. Data collection was analyzed by using simple percentage wherein I discovered that most teachers in these selected secondary schools are having limited experiences in the area of teaching and learning of English language - as they are not qualify to even teach the subject. Though there are few who are trained and qualified and also had the teaching and learning experience; yet they are faced with numerous problems in teaching and learning English Language in their schools. For instance, lack of teaching aids in the in-service training facilities, the rampart use of vernacular by teachers and pupils in school, and lack of textbooks.

REVIEW ARTICLE : UTILIZATION OF FISH INNARDS FOR SILAGE []


Fish innards can be processed into silage in the form of flour. This silage flour can be used as a substitution of fish meal in the manufacture of fish feed. This article aims to inform the proximal characteristics of silage flour from fish innards. Based on the literature study obtained information that the proximal characteristics of silage flour from fish innards are as follows: Protein contents ranges from 40.92% to 54.17%, Fat content ranges from 14.27% to 24.17%, Mineral content ranges from 2.51% to 5.51% and the content of coarse fiber ranges from 2.34% to 4.57%.

Environmental Practices in Selected Communities and Implication on Environmental Sustainability in a Heavy Industrial Zone. []


This research was carried out in the Onne-Okrika heavy industrial zone, to examine selected community environmental practices and the implication on environmental sustainability in a heavy industrial zone in Nigeria. The researcher adopted ex post facto approach, which is a non-experimental research approach. This design enabled the researcher to study the participants in their natural condition without any manipulation. A sample size of 250 was used in the study and simple statistical methods such as tables, means, percentages and five-point Likert scale were deployed to analyse and present the results. The parameters of community environmental practices examined were; waste disposal, waste recycling, carbon emission, destruction of vegetation and planting of trees. The outcome of the analysis of the data collected from the field, revealed that community environmental practices, with respect to the parameters of focus is at a low level of, sustainability. Consequently, it is recommended that. Efforts should be made to facilitate adoption and improvement on the environmental practices of the communities. This will include adequate awareness and sensitization of communities on how their practices impacts on the environment and ultimately, on them.

CONTRIBUTION OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM TO THE PERFORMANCE OF RWANDA ENEGRGY GROUP (REG), CASE STUDY OF RWANDA ELECTRICITY SECTOR STRENGTHENING PROJECT (RESSP) []


This study aimed to assess the contribution of monitoring and evaluation system to the performance of Rwanda Energy Group (REG) and the specific objectives were to assess the activities of Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of Rwanda energy group in Rwanda Electricity Sector Strengthening Project (RESSP), to examine the indicators of Rwanda Electricity Sector Strengthening Project towards its goal and to assess the relationship between the monitoring and evaluation system and project performance. The research enrolled the entire population of Rwanda Electricity Sector Strengthening Project (RESSP) staffs to respond to an in-depth individual interview questionnaire. The study population was 64 employees including 46 administrative staffs and 18 technical staffs of the project. The analysis of data was done by utilizing computerized statistical package of social scientists (SPSS) and summarized in tables for interpretation and inference. M & E systems were analyzed at four levels of planning process, technical expertise, stakeholder involvement and management participation. The findings from the regression analysis showed that Activities of M&E unit, clear goal and project indicators setting and the existence of M&E system are statistically significant to the project performance, the results revealed that one unit change in activities of M&E Unit influenced negative change of project performance by a decrease of 14%, a one unit change in Clear goal and project indicators setting influenced Project Performance (RESSP) to increase by 61% and one unit change in the Existence of M&E systems influenced Project Performance (RESSP). The R2 =.86, this coefficient of determination, which is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s) implies that all independent variables are fitted in this linear regression model as explanatory variables of project performance(dependent variable). The project though reported low staff awareness on M & E planning process, lack of control mechanisms to keep track of project progress, lack of utilization of M & E to support decision making during project implementation, lack of developed comprehensive strategic operational plans for regular monitoring and evaluation. The project further reported low-level application of stakeholder analysis or feedback and communication strategy that reflects community needs or people's interest in the implementation or enable stakeholders to influence project acceptance based on their needs. There was lack of visible support and commitment by management towards project implementation as well as effective communication that meets project objectives and effective use of lessons learnt from different projects for future decision-making and improved project delivery. The study recommends establishment of strategic plans to define internal process of carrying out M & E, strengthening organizational M & E capacity, structuring stakeholder involvement and management participation.

REVIEW ARTICLE; UTILIZATION OF FISH BONES FOR FOOD []


The purpose of this article is to review the manufacture of products made from fish bones and their product markets in Indonesia. Fish bones can be used as various processed foods such as crackers, biscuits, butter cookies, and floss. In the making it begins with the process of strengthening fish bones first. Marketing of fish bone products is done in e-commerce (Shopee, Tokopedia), social media (instagram) and also distributed to stores, supermarkets, and others. The price of each processed fish bone is sold at an affordable price starting from Rp. 8,499,- up to Rp.30,000,-/ packaging. Keywords: Market, product, floss, biscuit, butter cookies.

REVIEW ARTICLE: UTILIZATION OF FISH BONES INTO HYDROXYAPATITE []


Hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is a naturally occurring inorganic element derived from bone that can be utilized for bone regeneration, repairing, filling, expanding and reconstructing bone tissue. Hydroxyapatite has perfect biocompatibility properties when implanted in the bones. In addition, hydroxyapatite can also be used as an adsorbent to overcome environmental pollution against heavy metals. This article aims to explain how to process waste from fish bones into hydroxyapatite. Based on study literature obtained information that the manufacture of hydrosiapapatite from fish bones there are 4 methods namely hydrothermal, electrodeposition, sol gel and precipitation

BANKRUPTCY PROCESS OF AN ENTERPRISE IN REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA []


In our society, bankruptcy is perceived as a very sensitive job, as a catastrophe which can hit any firm / association, its associates, creditors and employees in that association. From an extended bankruptcy procedure the consequences can be various, where after the closing of the debtor, the filing of a legal lawsuit of his property, brings that many families are left without work, firms are locked, while creditors may not be able to repay their claims for years, even if an agreement is reached with the creditors from the bankrupt debtor this would be in a very small percentage and the claims are almost never paid or repaid in full.

REVIEW ARTICLE: CANNING ON FISH []


This article aims to review the manufacture of cans for fish canning, the process of canning fish or other products, the application of HACCP in the process of canning fish, and heavy metals that are contaminated in canned packaging. Based on the literature review obtained information that generally the process of making cans consists of printing/coating, slitting/shearing, pressing, and assembly. The process of canning fish or other products consists of preparation, blanching, charging-exhausting, and closing of cans and continued with sterilization. Critical control points (CCP), in the canning process, generally occur at the receiving, metal detector, double seaming, and retorting stages. Heavy metals that often contaminate fish canning or other products are iron (Fe), lead (Sn), and lead (Pb).

DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISKS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS; A CASE OF SELECTED BANKS IN IRINGA []


The purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of foreign exchange risks in commercial banks in Tanzania, namely EXIM, NMB, NBC and CRDB Bank in Iringa municipality. Specifically, the study intended to examine the effect of transaction exposure, economic exposure and translation exposure on foreign exchange risk in commercial banks in Iringa municipality. This was a case study design whereby the research employed quantitative research approach to gather data and answer the research problem and summarize the results. A sample size of 36 observations was taken from selected commercial banks in Iringa municipality. Stratified random sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. Linear Regression using Ordinary Least Square Estimator was used for data analysis. The study revealed that transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure have positive relationship with foreign exchange risk. T-tests show that transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure have significant impact on foreign exchange risk with p-value less than 0.05. Moreover, the regression result shows that all variables have a significance relationship with foreign exchange risk in commercial banks in Iringa Municipality. The co-efficient of determination, the adjusted ̅R2, is to 0.545, which shows that the independent variables explain about 54.5% of the variation in the dependent variable. The study concludes that foreign exchange risk is caused by inter alia, transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure. The study recommends that, there is a need therefore for commercial banks in Iringa Municipality to use effectively these determinants in managing foreign exchange risks. The study also recommends that despite concerns that foreign exchange among commercial banks entail new market risks that need regulatory intervention, However, market risk does vary considerably across the banks; therefore, more efforts should be putted on the use of transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure in managing foreign exchange risks in commercial banks.

EFFECTS OF PROCUREMENT PLANNING, PROCUREMENT PROCESS AND PROCUREMENT TRANSPARENCY ON PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PERFORMANCE IN RWANDA []


Supplier performance has become a critical factor for the organization’s success. In this regard, many firms and researchers have attempted to find out variables that affect either positively or negatively on supplier performance. However, very few studies have been carried out on procurement procedures in developing countries like Rwanda. Public procurement system in Rwanda has been characterized by a weak legal framework and lack of professionalism among public procurement practitioners. This study was carried out of in all Districts in Rwanda located in the four provinces and Kigali City. This study considered the agency theory that is having relation with procurement system including the procurement planning, the neoclassic theory that is related to procurement transparency and the theory of regulatory compliance where procurement performance was based on. The entire population was 120 persons from different departments: composed of 60 persons from the procurement departments, 30 persons from the finance departments and 30 persons from the customer service departments. Specifically, the target sample size of this study was comprised of 94 persons who were selected purposively from the departments of procurement, finance and customer service. Were tested, verified and then they are confirmed referring to the statistical (regression analysis) findings. This leads to confirm that there is significant relationship between procurement process compliance and ethics with their observed indicators (factors) and procurement performance in public procuring entities in Rwanda.

Determinants of Strategy Implementation in the Print Media Industry in Kenya. A Case Study of ShujaazInc Ltd []


Strategy is the very essence of business and its survival. With increasing competition occasioned by increasing population and diminishing opportunities, a business has to adopt the best strategy if it is to survive the suffocating competition. Adoption of a strategy on its own is not enough irrespective of how good the strategy is. Everything comes down to how it is implemented. The objective of this study was to specifically identify the determinants of strategy implementation in the print media industry in Kenya by studying ShujaazInc Limited, a major player in the industry. It looked to establish the influence of organizational structure and organizational culture on strategy implementation. The findings of this study will influence future management decisions in the industry and will inform future works by scholars in the field. This study is anchored on The McKinsey 7-S framework model which explains the study’s variables and is supported by the Systems Approach Theory which looks at an organization as a system made of components that must work together and hence explains organizational structure. It is further supported by Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory which discusses the role of motivation in organizational culture, a big factor in strategy implementation in any organization. This study applied a descriptive research design and, instead of sampling, it conducted a census since the population size was only sixty. A questionnaire was adopted for data collection. Thorough testing was done with the help of the study supervisor to ensure validity and reliability. The study used both IBM’s SPSS and Microsoft Excel to analyze the collected data. Inferential statistics were used to show how the dependent and independent variables relate. Data was analyzed using quantitative methods, and presentation of data was in the form of tables and figures. The inferential results on the effect of organizational structure on strategy implementation showed R = 0.738 indicating a strong positive correlation between organizational structure and strategy implementation. R2 = 0.544 which showed that 54.3% variation in strategy implementation can be explained by organizational structure (t=6.998, P<0.05). The inferential results on the effect of organizational culture on strategy implementation showed R of 0.820 indicating a strong positive correlation and R2 of 0.673 showing that 67.3% variation in strategy implementation can be explained by organizational structure. Analysis also showed organizational culture had significant influence on strategy implementation (t=9.180, P=0.05). The study further established that among these two independent variables investigated by the study, organizational culture had more influence on strategy implementation at ShujaazInc Ltd than organizational structure. The research recommends that ShujaazInc Limited pays attention to maintaining the current organizational culture. The study recommends further studies in other determinants of strategy implementation in the print media industry to build on this study. Keywords: Strategy, Strategy Implementation, Organizational Culture, Organizational Structure, Descriptive Research

Survey of data Security in cloud Computing []


Major technological advancements have developed in the last decade that have the potential to improve daily life activities not just for businesses, but also for individuals. Cloud computing has made considerable advancements in its application and is now widely used in both the private and public sectors. Many companies and businesses have recently made it clear that they are moving their workloads to the cloud. Security, on the other hand, is a major issue for cloud computing services, which rely on Internet connections and are thus affected by a variety of attacks. Deny the reality that the security measures in place Security concerns about cloud computing are growing with each passing year. It is still a challenge. We did a survey study on in this paper. Different forms of attacks were addressed using cloud computing. possible threats to this new technology, as well as possible solutions/methodologies and available countermeasures against such attacks.

ALTERNATIVE WORK ARRANGEMENT IN SCHOOL []


This study collated research findings about alternative work arrangements employed by different sectors around the world. The study revealed the advantages and benefits that employees could enjoy while they were working from home. Also, the study revealed the other side or the disadvantages and the problems encountered by employees based on their experiences in working from home. This study also revealed that there were best practice and success stories in adapting the new working set-up during the pandemic. Finally, there were issues, concerns, and challenges that were identified in implementing alternative work arrangement.