Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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THE EFFECT OF EXTENSIFICATION, INTENSIFICATION, AND TAX PAYER COMPLIANCE TOWARDS SHARING INCOME TAX FUND WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH AS MODERATING VARIABLE []


This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of extensification, intensification, taxpayer compliance, and economic growth on DBH to answer the challenges of DBH itself, namely tax effort, collection rate of income tax, allocation of use of DBH, and avoidance of flypaper effects. The population in this study is data panel, the population of this study is the tax administrators in six data source cities including Makassar City, Palopo City, Pare-Pare City, Bantaeng Regency, Watampone Regency, and Maros Regency. The approach used in this research is a quantitative research approach. This study uses secondary data, namely panel data. The testing tool used is the program Eviews 9. And will be tested with the technique of multiple regression analysis methods and interaction regression or known as Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).

UPPER EXTREMITY PAIN PREVALENCE IN DEAF INDIVIDUALS CAUSED BY SUSCEPTIBLE OVERUSE WITHIN A CERTAIN SIGN-LANGUAGE INSTITUTION IN LABANGON, CEBU CITY []


The study of the research was on the basis of the need to identify a correlation of susceptible cases of overuse strain in deaf individuals for potential leads of future research in addressing the healthcare needs in sign language institutions. This study aimed to identify upper extremity pain prevalence in deaf individuals caused by susceptible overuse strain. The research framework was constructed in a two-phase self-analysis; the first-phase, entailing the respondents’ current level of pain by means of the NRS & IPT pain scales, and the second-phase; entailing the respondents’ weekly past account of functional limitations extrapolated from the SMFA and DASH questionnaires under a Mixed Quantitative Survey/Interview methodology. The area chosen for the research was in Labangon, Cebu City, within a particular sign-language institution. The respondents of the research were strictly deaf individuals enrolled in the particular sign-language institution. The findings of the research indicated that there was an 85% prevalence of susceptible DASH score indicating the prevalence of susceptible overuse syndrome, with an 82% comprehension rate among respondents to the examination. There is an indication of a call-to-action to fine-tune current assessment tools to adequately be utilized by deaf groups in need of care, and an overall need to expand provider skills based on the findings.

Productivity of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Koi (Cyprinus carpio) with Various Plants Combination in Aquaponic System []


This research aims to analyze the productivity of tilapia and koi with varoius plant combination in the aquaponic system. Research was conducted at the Ciparanje Greenhouse and Fisheries Aquaculture Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University from February to April 2018. This research used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments and four replications. Treatment A: a combination of water spinach and tilapia; treatment B: combination of lettuce and tilapia; treatment C: combination of water spinach and koi fish; treatment D: combination of lettuce and koi fish. The parameters measured in this research were fish growth, fish survival, and crop production. The research data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that the growth of koi fish was higher than that of tilapia in both combination of lettuce and water spinach, while survival in both treatment groups reached 100%. Water spinach productivity was higher than lettuce, this is related to the structure and the length of the roots of the plants.

Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on the Livelihoods of Underprivileged Families: Lessons from Informal Sector in Zimbabwe []


This paper presents the findings of a qualitative research that was conducted to find out the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the informal sector in Zimbabwe. Given the health scare and crisis induced by COVID-19, the government of Zimbabwe like many other governments across the world enforced a lockdown. The lockdown measures affected various businesses in different magnitude. This paper interrogates the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on informal traders such as vendors, taxi operators, welders, carpenters, illegal forex dealers and cobblers in Bulawayo and Masvingo cities of Zimbabwe. Purposive sampling was used to identify the respondents from selected high-density suburbs. Data was collected using in-depth interviews. The paper revealed that COVID-19 lockdown measures had a negative impact on the informal traders’ livelihoods. The article notes that the impact of COVID-19 lockdown in Zimbabwe was worsened by several factors among them, short notice in proclaiming enforcement of lockdown and the country’s dire state of the economy. While this research gives a description of how the informal sector revenue declined drastically following proclamation of lockdown measures, the article also offers the steps that can be taken to rebuild the informal sector. Key among these steps, is the government’s intervention to capacitate the needy families.

Public Media Audiences in the Age of the Internet: Challenges and Opportunities []


The rise of the internet and its applications have revolutionised not only the practice and profession of journalism but also how media texts are consumed by audiences. This article reports the results of a qualitative research that was undertaken to find out the opportunities and challenges brought by the internet to media audiences. This paper interrogates the contribution of the internet and its applications to the role of traditional public media using the case of Zimbabwean audiences. While the article reveals that the internet has brought both positive and negative changes to media audiences, it stresses that the way audiences receive and interpret media texts have been transformed by technological advancements. While some scholars have lauded the internet for ushering 24/7 journalism and interactive platforms, this article highlights that the internet has been embraced as a blessing to media audiences in Zimbabwe. The internet does not only offer alternative news sites to public media audiences but also operates alongside old media and competes with traditional media in breaking the news.

X-ray Emission Spectroscopy for the plasmas of 153P/Ikeya-Zhang and 46P/Wirtanen Comets []


The present research focuses on composition of comets depending on the process of solar wind charge exchange (SWCX). The chemical composition of cometary nuclei was inferred from measurements of neutral and ionized gases from the coma, tail, and dust grains. Cometary high-energy emission depends on properties of both the comet and solar wind. Data were obtained from Chandra X-ray space telescope for two comets, one of them come from Kuiper Belt, namely, 46P/Wirtanen and other originating from the Oort cloud namely 153P/Ikeya–Zhang Comet. Observed at energy range (100-10000) eV. The results of present work showed a relation between photons count and energy to estimate the structure of the comets, also we found that the comet come from Oort cloud contain four elements but the other contain eighteen elements furthermore, determined the abundant of each element.

THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, HEALTH AND PROTECTION SOCIAL FUNCTIONS ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX THROUGH THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GOWA REGENCY []


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of government spending based on the functions of educa-tion, health and social protection on the human development index through economic growth in Gowa Re-gency. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative data in the form of time series data from 2005-2019 using structural model analysis. The results showed that expenditure on education functions directly negatively affects the human development index and indirectly negatively affects the human devel-opment index through economic growth in Gowa Regency. Expenditures for health functions directly have a positive effect on the human development index and indirectly have a positive effect on the human develop-ment index through economic growth in Gowa Regency. The expenditure of social protection functions directly has a positive effect on the human development index and indirectly has a negative effect on the human development index through economic growth in Gowa Regency. Keywords: MSMEs, MSME Performance, Quality of MSMEs, MSME Microfinance Credit

development of a simple plantain slicer for small scale plantain chips producers []


This study looked into developing a simple plantain slicer for small scale plantain chips producers, using locally sourced materials. Manually operated slicing platforms and methods are slow methods commonly used in small scale industries, hence the need for a more advanced design. The developed machine was designed with an electric motor of a power capacity of 746 W and it slices at a speed of 1.8 m/s, with a cutting force of 414 N. It was able to slice plantain conveniently and faster than crude slicing methods. The developed machine had the highest throughput capacity of 46.5 kg/hr and an overall average throughput capacity of 45.61 kg/hr. The slicer had a maximum efficiency of 87 % and an overall average efficiency of 83.25 %. It was observed that time spent influences the throughput capacity as the throughput increases as time increases while there is no direct relationship between the time to slice and the efficiency of the machine for the considered speed in this study. Keywords: Slicing, Plantain, Throughput capacity, Efficiency.eveloping a simple plantain slicer for small scale plantain chips producers, using locally sourced materials. Manually operated slicing platforms and methods are slow methods commonly used in small scale industries, hence the need for a more advanced design. The developed machine was designed with an electric motor of a power capacity of 746 W and it slices at a speed of 1.8 m/s, with a cutting force of 414 N. It was able to slice plantain conveniently and faster than crude slicing methods. The developed machine had the highest throughput capacity of 46.5 kg/hr and an overall average throughput capacity of 45.61 kg/hr. The slicer had a maximum efficiency of 87 % and an overall average efficiency of 83.25 %. It was observed that time spent influences the throughput capacity as the throughput increases as time increases while there is no direct relationship between the time to slice and the efficiency of the machine for the considered speed in this study. Keywords: Slicing, Plantain, Throughput capacity, Efficiency.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) SAMPLES FROM FRESHWATER SOURCES IN ENUGU STATE DURING RAINY SEASON []


The concentrations of heavy metals in the gills and muscles of Clarias gariepinus during the rainy season was investigated following standard procedures. Three fish samples of were gotten from freshwater in Nike Lake (Nike L.G.A), Ebenyi River (Isi-azu L.G.A) and Oji River (Oji River L.G.A). Heavy metals analyzed include lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, chromium and iron. In general, the heavy metal concentrations were higher in the gills than in the muscles of the fish species. Ebenyi River had higher concentrations of heavy metals (Pb 0.48±0.002, Cd 0.05±0.005, Fe 0.59±0.006, Cu 1.24±0.004, Cr 0.35±0.010, Zn 2.70±0.007) than the other freshwater sources. The detection levels are in the following decreasing order; Ebenyi River > Nike Lake > Oji wonderful. All heavy metals are toxic to living organisms at excessive concentrations, and are able to induce toxicity even at lower levels of exposure. KEYWORDS: Heavy Metals, Contamination, Clarias gariepinus, Nike Lake, Ebenyi River, Oji wonderful

THE EFFECTS OF DEFICIT IRRIGATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN NORTH-EAST NIGERIA []


ABSTRACT Irrigated Agriculture is the largest water-consuming sector and it faces competing demands from other sectors, this great challenge of the Agricultural sector is to produce more food from less water, which can be achieved by increasing crop water productivity. The study was aimed at evaluating two maize varieties for their variability in growth, yield and yield component using water regimes that achieves the optimum yield of maize in the genuine Savannah using a complete randomized design with 3 replications. higher values of growth and yield of Samaru 14 (WHITE) and Samaru 37 (RED) were obtained when irrigation was scheduled at three-time available soil moisture depletion. Three irrigations regimes could be adopted where ground water quality and quantity is marginal to get high crop production and water use efficiency. Based on the results, it can be suggested that two irrigations approach could be a good strategy to improve water productivity when full irrigation is not possible. Key words: Water Regimes, Irrigation, Growth variability, Optimum yield

Review of Wood Products Market Status in Ethiopia []


This review paper focused on the Ethiopia’s wood products trade in current and future time period. The reviewed paper showed that the wood demand in Ethiopia growing fast due to increasing of purchasing power, economic growth, middle class, urbanization and construction boom. In 2015, the fuel wood demand estimated about 120.4 million m3 and 8.4 m3 RWE of industrial wood. On the other hand, supply estimated 4.4 million m3 of industrial wood will need to close the gaps by the year 2033. The gap estimated 1.8 million m3 in 2013 and 4.4 million m3 by the year 2033. The total volume of wood products demand estimated 1.2 million m3 in 2015 and 13.9 m3 by the year 2040. The country imported 3.006 million m3 of different industrial wood products in 2015. The imported products worth nearly USD 182.53 million and the domestic production was estimated about 5.43 million m3 in 2015. Between the years 2000-2013, the country has been imported 170,721.3 tons and estimate worth of 159 million USD and the import bill will reach 3 billion USD by the year 2035. The main imported wood products were sawn wood, plywood and furniture, while export small quantity of wood products. The trade balance between import and export showed that a negative trade balance between the years 2007-2015. The total estimated amount of import was 120,000m3 and export about 35,000m3. To narrow down demand-supply discrepancy and substitution of import volume, encouragement of investment is a crucial solution in forestry sector.

A comparative analysis of cocoa production in Ghana and Nigeria: post-independence policy impact on agricultural value chains. []


Abstract A comparative analysis of cocoa production in Ghana and Nigeria was carried out to determine the importance of government policy. The progression of the value chain from cocoa beans to chocolate-the most important product- was compared. The study highlights the highs and lows of the cocoa trade in both nations over six decades. The full exploitation of raw materials produced in Sub-Saharan regions of Africa is a major problem. Cocoa was used as a case study to evaluate the impact of sustained government policy guidance on the exploration and exploitation of raw materials. Historical records of export quantity, price fluctuations, production challenges, and policy interventions were stated to give a balanced and encompassing comparison of the situation. Lists of cottage industries in the chocolate sector of both countries were added to support the argument. The factor which stood out was the consistency of government support and policies led to further exploration of the value chain.

EFFECT OF SEED PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT ON THE GROWTH OF Anacardium occidentale (cashew) []


This study covers the pre-germination treatment of the seed of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) and its early growth in the nursery. The plant height, stem girth and number of leaves were examined. The seeds were subjected to 6 (six) different pre-germination treatments, before they were sown directly into polythene bags filled with top soil. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design consisting of six (6) treatments with control and each was replicated five times. The data collected in the course of the experiment was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The means were further separated using least significant difference (L.S.D) where significant differences were observed. The readings from the experiment were taken over ten (10) weeks. Germination result showed that all the treatments grew up except treatment D seeds which were cracked. Height result from showed that treatment (C), seeds soaked in water for 24 hours had the highest growth of 15.66 cm at week 1 and 31.74 cm at the 10th week. The result of analysis of variance for periodic changes in the height revealed that there was no significant difference among the treatments applied at 0.05 level of probability. Leaf count shows that treatment C was ahead of other treatments at week 1 with 5, while at week 10, treatment C took over the lead with leaf production of 14.80. The result of analysis of variance for periodic changes in leaf count revealed that there was no significant difference among the treatments applied at 0.05 level of probability. KEYWORDS: Cashew, Growth, Effect, Pre-germination, treatment

Effect of additive and Gamma irradiation on the thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol doped with silver nitrate []


Thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with silver nitrate (AgNO3) composite films synthesized by casting method has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of the addition of AgNO3 to PVA was studied. The results indicated that the addition of AgNO3 led to a more compact structure compared to the pure PVA which resulted in an improvement in its thermal stability with an increase in the isotropic character of the polymer samples. The results also clearly demonstrate that the composite films of AgNO3 and PVA are more stable at higher temperature than pure PVA. Samples were irradiated with gamma rays in the dose range 0-10 Gy. The variation of onset temperature of decomposition, glass transition temperature and residual mass has been investigated. Thus, this work suggests the possibility of using the gamma irradiated PVA/AgNO3 films in different electronic and semiconductors applications.

ASSESSMENT OF TRACE METALS ACCUMULATION IN THREE LEAFY VEGETABLES (Telfaira occidentalis, Amaranthus viridis, and Pterocarpus erinaceus) DURING THE WET SEASON IN ENUGU STATE []


Bioaccumulation of trace metals (Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn and Fe) in vegetable samples (Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus viridis and Pterocarpus erinaceus) from three senatorial zones in Enugu state (Enugu north, Enugu west and Enugu east) were investigated during wet the season period. The samples were collected fresh in May, June and July. Prior to analysis, each of the collected samples were dried at room temperature, pulverized using a ball mill and stored at room temperature. They were digested using wet digestion method and individual metals analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of the findings revealed that the rate of accumulation of trace metals in the vegetable samples were in the following decreasing order Fe > Zn >Mn> Cr > Co > Cd. Amaranthus viridis had the highest accumulation of heavy metals while P. erinaceus had the least. Enugu East senatorial zone had the highest accumulation of Mn and Co in all the vegetable samples while Enugu West senatorial zone showed the highest accumulation of Cd, Cr, Zn and Fe in all the vegetable samples. Enugu north senatorial zone had the least level of trace metals accumulation in the three vegetable samples. KEYWORDS: Bioaccumulation, trace metals, Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus viridis,Pterocarpus erinaceus, Wet season

THE EFFECT OF WASTE MANAGEMNT PRACTICES ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF PAPER BOARD PACKAGING SECTOR OF BISHOFTU TOWN ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA []


The objective of this research was to determine the effect of waste management on the operational performance of paperboard packaging Sector in Bishoftu Town Administration. Explanatory research design was used to answer the effect of waste management practices on operational performance. The number of target population of the research was 227 from which the sample size of 151 was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The primary data was collected using questionnaire. To assure data quality content validity and reliability tests were made. Inferential analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Both correlation and regression analyses were used. Both methods revealed that waste reduction management practice tend to have highest level of effect than others. Despite this significant effect of waste management practices on operational performances, the paperboard packaging factories do not widely apply these practices to better improve the operational performances of the sector. Therefore, firm better to include these waste management practices within their strategic management plans and adapt the state of art technology to manage the operational system.

Leadership and Competence Analysis and Its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness through Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Public Sector []


This study aims to determine the influence of leadership and competence on organizational citizenship behavior and its impact on the effectiveness of the organization on the Government of South Sulawesi Province. Data collection is carried out at the Regional Planning, Development, Research and Development Agency of South Sulawesi Province. This research uses quantitative approach method with research population is state civil apparatus that has a position as Structural Officer and Functional Officer in the Planning, Development, Research and Regional Development Agency of South Sulawesi Province amounting to 56 people using saturated samples so that the number of samples as many as 56 respondents. Data is processed and analyzed using Path Analysis method. The results showed that leadership and competence have a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as well as organizational effectiveness. OCB itself directly and positively impact to organizational effectiveness with significant value. OCB can mediate the relationship both leadership and competence to organizational effectiveness. OCB and organizational effectiveness can be implemented well in The Regional Government of South Sulawesi Province when the leader has knowledge capability and can be a good figure to others to generate his/her influencing to subordinates.

PRILLING TOWER AND GRANULATOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER []


Prilling and Granulation are finishing sections of urea production process. Prilling is defined as distribution of molten droplets into a column of rising air which removes the heat of fusion and yield a solid product. Two most important aspect of prilling are droplet formation and distribution of droplets over maximum cross-section area of prilling tower. The paper intended how the mathematical hydrodynamics, heat, and mass transfer between the urea and the cooling air are developed in natural prilling tower. The height of the prilling tower is about 80 meter to 140 meter according to plant load and weather condition. Granules are larger, harder and more resistant to moisture as compare with prills urea. The aim of this study is to build a mathematical model for a prilling process at in National fertilizers Ltd, Vijaipur (Guna (M.P.). with productivity of 3500 tons/ day, located in India with a schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1. A numerical technique is used to solve the mathematical model in order to calculate the following parameters within the prilling tower: