Volume 11, Issue 7, July 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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THE NEXUS BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSSION AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN SOME SELECTED NORTHEAST STATES OF NIGERIA []


Financial inclusion recently has assumed a critical development policy priority globally, especially in developing economies such as Nigeria. This study investigated empirically the connection between financial inclusion and poverty reduction in the northeast states of Nigeria. Four states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Gombe and Taraba were purposively selected. Primary Data were used for this study with a sample of three hundred respondents randomly selected from each of the four state capitals that made of the study area totalling 1, 200 (sample size). Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis. T-test was used to determine if there is a link between financial inclusion and poverty reduction in the northeast region. Based on the result as displayed in Table 4.1, the mean is 4.186.00 with a p-value of 0.00 hence, the null hypothesis is rejected. It can therefore be concluded that there is a relationship between having access to financial services and poverty reduction in the northern region of Nigeria. The Loan effect on Poverty Reduction in Northeast shows a positive relationship [r=0.870, n=1200, P<0.05]. However, there was a strong negative relationship between The debit card (ATM Card) effect on Poverty Reduction in Northeast Nigeria [r=-0.213, n=1200, P<0.05]. The study recommends among others that; government should strengthen the implementation of financial inclusion to have a wider coverage in the northeast as the current rate fall behind target, rural branches of commercial banks should closely monitor the loans they granted to their customers to make sure that they are not misallocated.

Effective Reliability-Centered Maintenance Strategy for a Centrifugal Pump in a Natural Gas Process Plant []


In this study, an effective maintenance strategy using Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) integrated with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision analysis methods and risk-based maintenance for a centrifugal pump in a natural gas process plant has been carried out. AHP was used to determine the weights of the maintenance criteria and TOPSIS for the maintenance strategy selection for each chosen critical component (bearing, mechanical seal, impeller and shaft). The selected maintenance criteria and their respective weight obtained are Equipment Criticality (EC) at 10.83%, Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) at 23.44%, Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) at 6.46% and Applicability at 59.26%. The RCM maintenance alternatives were Reactive Maintenance (RM), Preventive Maintenance (PM), Proactive Maintenance and Predictive Testing and Inspection (PT&I). Applying TOPSIS, the most effective maintenance strategy for bearing was Preventive Maintenance at 82.79%, for the mechanical seal was Proactive Maintenance at 84.81% and both impeller and shaft were Predictive Testing and Inspection at 84.59% and 86.91% respectively. Finally, the average most effective maintenance based on that of critical components of the centrifugal pump was Predictive Testing and Inspection at 81.17%.

Challenges in Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance in Resource-limited Settings: A Cameroonian Case Study []


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a global public health threat, especially in resource-limited countries. AMR contributors and exacerbators vary greatly depending on the country’s resources, development, and containment strategies. To properly address the AMR menace, it is important to understand the current local drivers and provide country-tailored solutions. The main drivers of AMR such as inadequate water sanitation and hygiene, antimicrobial misuse, and overuse in both humans and animals in resource-limited countries are not adequately managed to reduce the emergence and spread of AMR in community and hospital settings. Tackling AMR will require a multisectoral One Health approach with the contribution of stakeholders, policymakers, health professionals, and the community. If AMR is not adequately handled in resource-limited countries, it will always find its way to spread globally as it has no respect for local, regional, and intercontinental boundaries. The objective of this review is set to highlight the major challenges faced in tackling AMR in resource-limited settings with Cameroon as a case study and proposed possible control measures. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Cameroon, resource-limited countries.

The Role of Employee’s Motivation, Performance, Rewards, Team Building, and Learning and Development in the Overall Development of Employees in Organization []


Organizations may foster an enabling atmosphere for motivating techniques. Employee growth and development may be aided further by providing chances for skill development, such as training programs or mentorship initiatives. Creating an empowering workplace may also be accomplished by cultivating a good team atmosphere via excellent communication and cooperation. Recognizing and recognizing workers' efforts, whether through monetary incentives or verbal gratitude, may help to strengthen the organization's supportive and empowering culture. Employees' performance and motivation are crucial to the organization's success. It is also critical to create chances for professional development and progress. Training programs and educational tools may help personnel improve their skills and knowledge, benefiting both the individual and the firm as a whole. Furthermore, establishing open communication and feedback channels helps foster a culture of openness and trust, enabling workers to openly express ideas and concerns. Organizations may build an atmosphere that fosters employee engagement, contentment, and overall success by applying these techniques. Additionally, investing in learning and development opportunities may benefit the entire firm. Employees may contribute fresh ideas and unique methods to their job by constantly updating their skills and expertise. This can lead to increased productivity, better problem-solving abilities, and, eventually, a competitive advantage for the firm. Furthermore, giving such chances demonstrates to staff members that the company prioritizes their professional development and growth, which could ultimately result in greater commitment and fewer layoffs. Overall, investing in learning and development benefits not just individual employees but also the overall performance of the firm. Keywords: learning and development, motivation, performance, rewards, team building

An Analysis on the Impact of Economic Factors on Bank Muscat's Financial Performance: Case of Oman []


This report presented the groundbreaking findings of a survey designed to unravel the relationship between economic factors and the financial performance of Bank Muscat, Oman. Innovative research methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative, were used in this study, a fresh approach to understanding how economic factors shaped the bank's profitability, liquidity, and stability. This research study delved deeper than just the numerical data. It consisted of surveys that were distributed amongst Bank Muscat's visionary management. These qualitative insights provided perspectives into the bank's innovative strategies for managing economic risks and devising mitigation measures. By using quantitative and qualitative data, this research revolutionized understanding of the dynamics between economic factors and the financial performance of banks. The findings provided a compass for designing policies and crafting innovative strategies that fostered stability and sustainable growth within the dynamic banking industry. By embracing these findings, stakeholders could stay at the forefront of the banking sector, setting new standards of excellence and resilience in the face of ever-evolving economic challenges.

Innovations and Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Last Five Years Case of Oman []


The Sultanate of Oman is working on its vision to transform the business sector across the whole Sultanate. Innovative ideas, increased use of technology, and even the enhancement of business operators' skills and knowledge are just some of the identified factors that will help the nation increase its sustainable entrepreneurship development. The engagement of Omani entrepreneurs with different sustainable practices has been one of the core foundations of achieving sustainability. Hence, these practices were not only focused on profitability, as the sustainability efforts for the past five years were also focused on increasing the positive effects of the business on key stakeholders and the environment. The study reveals that there were various issues and challenges brought upon by the recent pandemic, as well as the need for better knowledge and skills of some entrepreneurs that served as barriers to success. However, the past five years also show that Omani entrepreneurs took advantage of the opportunity to increase their capabilities and to improve the skills of their workforce to their own advantage toward achieving innovative and sustainable entrepreneurship Keywords: Entrepreneurship Growth in Oman, Oman Innovation, Oman Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Entrepreneurship

How Human Behavior Plays an Important Role in the Success of an Organization? []


Recognizing human behavior is critical for good organizational management. Leaders may build a healthy work environment that promotes collaboration and productivity by identifying the influence of human behavior on workplace interactions. Furthermore, acknowledging the significance of human behavior in forming work ethic and attitude toward the job enables firms to establish tactics to encourage employees and ensure their pleasure, ultimately leading to higher success for the organization. Employers must prioritize motivated, enthusiastic, and dedicated employees for high commitment and quality work. Negative behaviors, like lack of ambition, poor communication, and resistance to change, hinder progress and reduce success. A positive work atmosphere promotes motivation while discouraging destructive behaviors. Managers and leaders must understand human behavior to create a healthy work environment promoting collaboration, productivity, and innovation. Setting specific objectives and goals for their employees should be prioritized since it provides clarity and direction. Encouraging strong communication among team members is critical because it enables effective collaboration and problem-solving. Furthermore, providing opportunities for growth and development inside the firm promotes healthy human behavior by constantly inspiring people to improve their abilities and attain their maximum potential. Open communication between employees and management fosters trust, collaboration, and exchanging ideas, comments, and concerns, fostering strong working relationships. Employees feel respected and heard when open communication is encouraged, which leads to tremendous enthusiasm and productivity among team members. Furthermore, when employees feel comfortable discussing their thoughts and opinions, management can acquire valuable insights. Encouraging open and honest communication is critical for employees and management to prosper in a collaborative workplace. Respect and hearing at work increased job satisfaction, loyalty, and engagement. This increases organizational commitment, motivates active participation, and fosters open communication and trust. Acknowledging employees' opinions and ideas fosters a culture of open communication and trust.

IMPACT OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS ON DIABETES REVERSAL []


Abstract: The impact of ethanolic leaf extract of M. pruriens on diabetes reversal in sildenafil citrate-induced Wistar rats. Albino rats of 150 – 200 kg/body weight (b.w) were used for the study. Four rats out of the twelve rats used for this study were kept as Normal control i.e., Group 1. The remaining 9 rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg b.w). They were further divided equally into 3 groups i.e., Group 2– diabetes induced or diabetes control, Group 3–diabetic rats administered with 200 mg/kg b.w ethanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens, Group 4–diabetic rats administered with 400mg/kg b.w. The ethanolic leaf extracts of Mucuna pruriens were administered orally for 3 days in groups 3 and 4. After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed for the collection of blood and further analyses were carried out on the blood glucose level. There was a significant increase in the blood sugar level in Group 2 rats when compared to Group 1 rats. The effects were significantly reduced in Group 3 - 4 which received variable doses of ethanolic leaf extracts of M.pruriens. This review that traditional use of M.pruriens for treatment of diabetes is supported and it also shows that the plant may be a good source of anti-diabetic agents.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ACADEMICS PERFORMANCE OF REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES []


Social media seems to have impacted every area of human endeavors directly or indirectly. However, opinions differ on the influence of social media on academic performance of students in higher institution of learning. The focus of this study is to unravel the influence of social media on academic performance of undergraduates in Redeemer’s University. The study adopted descriptive survey research design with Student Involvement and Uses and Gratification Theories as its theoretical framework. With a sample size of 259, the study found that the students of Redeemer’s University visited various social platforms very frequently, spent a maximum of 1-5 hours on social networking activities daily. The study further revealed that the network platforms often visited includes TikTok, Instagram, Twitter and WhatsApp. The study recommends that school administrators should formulate policies that will help in regulating the usage of social media among undergraduates for an improved academic performance given the number of hours spent daily on social media.

Working Capital Management and Firm’s Survival; Evidence from Selected Listed Manufacturing Organisations in Nigeria []


The study examined the effect of working capital management on the profitability of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria with emphasis on consumer goods sector. A correlation and ex-post factor research design were used in analyzing the sample of 16 selected consumer goods manufacturing firms. Secondary data for a period of 10 years (2012 – 2021) was used and Ordinary Least Square regression was employed in data analysis. The study indicated that accounts receivable period is positive but insignificantly related to return on assets while there is positive and significant relationship between inventory period and return on assets. It also shows that there is a negative but significant relationship between cash conversion cycle and return on assets while accounts payable period has a negative and insignificant relationship with return on assets of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study also recommends that firms should be very active in converting cash as good working capital management urges for quick reinvestment in short-term securities in so as to boost return on assets of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria.

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT AND CLIENT SATISFACTION IN GOVERNMENT BANKING INSTITUTION IN LAGUNA: BASIS FOR ACTION PLAN []


ABSTRACT Title : CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT AND CLIENT SATISFACTION IN GOVERNMENT BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN LAGUNA: BASIS FOR ACTION PLAN Author : Rall Gregorio A. Llandelar Degree : Master in Business Administration School : Laguna College of Business and Arts School Year : 2022–2023 Adviser : Jennifer M. Abellana, PhD Keywords : customer relationship, management, client satisfaction, government banking institution, action plan The study focused on examining the past implementation of customer relationship management (CRM) in terms of customer expectation identification, customer differentiation, customer interaction, and service customization and its impact on client satisfaction to the services and performance of government banking institutions in Laguna. Using a quantitative design, a descriptive correlational method was employed in the study. The results indicated that CRM implementation in government banking institutions in Laguna, encompassing customer expectation identification, customer differentiation, customer interaction, and service customization, had been fully implemented. Furthermore, clients reported high levels of satisfaction with the services provided, including responsiveness, service quality, access and facilities, communication, integrity, and competence. Notably, significant relationships were observed between the level of CRM implementation and client satisfaction across all categories. The analysis also demonstrated that CRM implementation had a significant impact on client satisfaction in terms of responsiveness, service quality, access and facilities, communication, integrity, and competence. Based on these findings, an action plan was proposed to address identified CRM and client satisfaction issues. The plan aimed to improve customer segmentation, enhance employee training and development programs, integrate technology for seamless CRM implementation, and foster a customer-centric culture.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY ACTIVITY IN A SELECTED TOPIC IN SCIENCE FOR GRADE 5 SPECIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION CLASS []


The primary objective of this research was to develop a supplementary activity for specific lessons in Science 5. The development of the supplementary activity focused initially on one certain topic which was based on the least mastered skill in Science. A checklist was administered to the Science Teachers which enabled them to identify the least mastered skill. Then, the researcher developed supplementary activity to address low mastery of Grade 5 learners. Further, this research considered the Grade 5 Special Science Education Class (SSEC) as future recipients of the researcher-made supplementary activity. The validation of supplementary activities for Grade 5 was also conducted for further enhancement of the material. The school head, master teachers, and several teachers in Taytay Elementary School served as the respondents of the study. There were 10 respondents who were purposively selected to serve as validators. They were given enough time to scrutinize and give suggestions on the researcher-made supplementary activity in Science for Grade 5 SSEC. An adapted validation tool was administered to the respondents to gauge their perception on the material in terms of organization, clarity, comprehensiveness, and appropriateness. Findings indicated that the researcher-made supplementary activity in Science 5 for Grade 5 Special Science Education Class attained grand mean of 4.34 with verbal interpretation of “Very Much Acceptable”. Thus, the researcher-made material could be utilized in Grade 5 SSEC learners. Another study would be conducted to assess the effect of the material to the performance of the learners. This research highlights learner-centered and supplementary activities in Science for Grade 5 high performing learners.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT BR-B4 IN TAYTAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: AN EVALUATION []


This study which aimed to evaluate the implementation Project Blue Rizal: Barangayan para sa Bawat Bata Bumabasa (BR-B4) and determine the extent of stakeholder’s engagement on its implementation was conducted at Taytay Elementary School during the School Year 2022-2023. The researchers used descriptive method of research with online survey questionnaire as the main instrument which was sent to the fifty (50) parents and ten (10) teachers who served as respondents and who evaluated the reading program with respect to its objectives, instructional strategies, assessment, intervention activities, program monitoring and eevlaution, and the extent of stakeholder’s engagement. The results of showed that the two groups of respondents’ evaluation obtained overall mean of 3.63 and 3.31 and verbally interpreted as Much Agree. In addition, the respondents also Much Agree on the extent of the engagement of the stakeholders on its implementation. Meanwhile some of the limitations that they had identified were the overlapping tasks of the teachers and learners who are not participating, while the parents cited that their job and tasks at home hinder them to actively involve in the program. The respondents suggested for the school to conduct capacity training for teachers and parents, and establish firm connections among stakeholder to further improve the reading program.

THE WAY WE WEAR: THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS SELF CONSCIOUSNESS IN CLOTHING SELECTION []


This qualitative phenomenological study focused on the impact of clothing selection on self-consciousness of the selected BTLED students in Kolehiyo ng Pantukan. Clothing selection has a big impact on self-consciousness especially for the students. Students choose their clothes that they feel they are comfortable with. This study employed qualitative research. Cellphones, recordings, videos are the instrument of collecting the data in this research. The researchers interviewed five selected BTLED students on how they'd handle or control their emotion when it comes to clothing selection. This study revealed that choosing clothes in daily lives of the BTLED students has a big impact on their self-awareness. Self awareness helps the students to realize that choosing clothes can help them to boost their confidence and there are some factors that using clothes that you are not comfortable with can lead you to feel conscious about yourself. In addition, if you love fashion, especially in clothes, it helps you to have a beautiful physical appearance and it helps to be the best version of yourself.

Research Paper Title: The relationship between addictive use of social media and students’ study efficiency: A cross-sectional study on BSMRSTU students. []


Over the last few years social media have played a prominent role in academic performance. These media have many advantages and disadvantages for students in terms of academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between addictive use of social media in psychiatric disorders and learning effectiveness in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University (BSMRSTU) students. This cross-sectional study included 200 undergraduate students and used a stratified sampling technique. Research tools included a personal information form and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. The overall performance of the students in the previous semester was also used as an indicator for study performance. There is no statistically significant difference in social media addiction between male and female college students. Student addiction to social media was moderate, with male students being more addicted than female students. There was a significant negative association between overall social media use and student academic performance. Relationship between addictive use of social media and academic achievement. As online interactions become more prevalent than face-to-face interactions, social media is beginning to have a profound impact on individuals' lifestyles, communication, language, interests, and psychology. In this study, we used bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression on a sample (n = 200) of BSMRSTU students aged 18–24 years. Binary logistic regression also reveals significant results related to these variables, including the impact of study time on the SNS, searching for an internet connection, dissatisfaction with not using MS, etc. The study advances our knowledge of the symptoms of mental disorders and their role in the convincing use of modern technologies. The study explored the potential of using SNS as an innovative way to increase student engagement in learning. The majority of students (about 98%) think that using the Internet is very important in their daily life for educational purposes. About 42 percent and 45 percent were connected educational and informational communities in SNS respectively.

IMPLICATION OF ETHICS, MORALS, VALUES AND POSITIVE THINKING TO DEVELOP HUMAN CHARACTER []


Some people believe that ethical values are inborn. This means that they are not something that we are born with, but something that we acquire through our experiences and interactions with others. Society has an impact on character development, responsiveness, and resilience. Morals, ethics and values are the foundation stones for a healthy and peaceful society that lead to a peaceful and prosperous country and finally make our world a better place to live in. Actually, we learn from childhood, how to share, how to be truthful, and how to care for others. We continue to learn new ethical/moral values from our families, our friends, and our wider community as we grew. Today, we also learn about different values through the media, television, books, films, religion, culture, etc. It’s is an analytical research/review paper on the basis of popular thought, literatures, divine scripture, and combination of primary and secondary principal and facts to depict the implication of ethics, morals, values and positive thinking to develop human character.

Integrating Mental Health Services into Primary Health Care In Nigeria []


Mental health is an indispensable component of health as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community” (WHO).There are three components of mental health: emotional well-being, psychological well-being and social well-being. The social and economic burden of mental illness is in-creasingly visible in our society. Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioural and emotional wellbeing. It is all about how people think, feel and behaviour. Mental health problems comprise a wide range of health conditions such as: Depression, Drug and alco-hol abuse and Bipolar Affective Disorder, Chronic Anxiety Disorder Which affect people across their life course from infancy to old age. They vary in severity and impact. The only sustainable method for reducing the burden caused by these disorders is preven-tion. KeyWords: Mental health, Hereditary, Psychological trauma, Environmental stress,

THEORETICAL PAPER ON INFLUENCE OF PEER TO PEER LEARNING ON TRAINEE ACA-DEMIC PERFOEMANCES []


The main aim of the article is to understand the importance of peer teaching in institutions of higher learning by looking at the positive effects it has both on trainers and trainees. Peer teaching has been identified as a diverse suite practices in which there are peers and are instructing one another by having a purpose driven and meaning-ful interactions. The study therefore focused on how peer teaching influences on academic performances. The researchers employed multi-stage sampling techniques where both primary and secondary data were collected. Data collection tools used was questionnaires and observations with participants of the study being Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).. The study findings indicate that students had awareness, interests and practice on peer learning method and they also believed that the method helps in improving the student’s academic performance. The findings established that peer learning improves on academic performance. Academic performance scores increases when there is a frequent implementation of peer learning. It is recommended that for practical knowledge and understanding of concepts in higher learning, peer learning should be implemented because it increases on academic performances, promotes positive social interactions and allows students to have good sharing habits.

Contamination des ressources hydriques par l’usage de pesticides en zones cotonnières du Mali : cas du bassin versant de Sinani (région Sikasso) []


The contamination of surface and groundwater by the use of pesticides in cotton production in the Sinani watershed was studied from 2019 to 2022 through a series of surveys and sampling carried out with cotton growers. The results of the surveys showed that several pesticide formulations are used by farmers during the different cotton campaigns. The quality and diversity of pesticides are due to the different sources of supply of cotton growers in the said watershed. The results of the chromatographic analyzes showed contamination of the surface and underground waters of the said catchment area by residues of organochlorine pesticides. The concentrations measured vary from 0.005 to 0.37 mg/L in all the water samples taken in the 4 villages of the Sinani watershed. This contamination may be due to the recent and/or former use of persistent, non-biodegradable and unapproved pesticides. Keywords: Contamination, surface and groundwater, pesticides, Sinani watershed, Mali.

THE USE OF BLENDED LEARNING MATERIALS IN TLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS TO THE HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS AS PERCEIVED BY THE BTLED STUDENTS []


Blended learning is a method that mixes in-person instruction with online learning activities (Eoghan Quigley, 2022). This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of blended learning materials and higher-order thinking skills as perceived by the BTLED students in Kolehiyo ng Pantukan. This study employed quantitative research and was anchored to the concept of Samsanova (2019) entitled “Blended Learning Tools” in independent variable while in dependent variable was anchored to “Bloom’s (Revised) Taxonomy by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001). It utilized descriptive correlational design that investigates the relationship of variables. The participants of this study are the BTLED students from first year to fourth year who enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023, which has a total population of 249 students. The study utilized a complete enumeration method. The researchers used an adapted and modified questionnaire as a research instrument. Thus, it utilizes mean, Pearson-r, and probability as statistical treatment in this study. As a result, the utilization level of blended learning materials in BTLED students in Kolehiyo Ng Pantukan was high. On the other hand, the level of higher order thinking skills as perceived by the BTLED students in Kolehiyo ng Pantukan was high. This indicates that there is a strong correlation between the use of blended learning resources and the quality of students' higher-order thinking abilities. Because of this, students should use technological tools to develop their higher-order thinking skills, teachers should incorporate technology as new pedagogy, parents should practice using specialized tools, and institutions should assess what technological tools are lacking to provide and improve school facilities and technical tools needed by students to enhance and strengthen their abilities and skills. Keywords: Blended learning materials, Higher order thinking skills as perceived by the BTLED students in Kolehiyo ng Pantukan, Descriptive- Correlational Design, Philippines

VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE ANALYSIS OF NEWLY-REGISTERED VEHICLES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA []


Good transportation plays an essential role in the socio-economic development of any community or nation. This study examines the time series analysis of newly registered vehicles in Lagos State. Data was collected on different types of vehicles like saloon cars, ominibuses, minibuses, tractors, lorries, vans e.t.c. from 56 stations of the Motor Vehicle Administration Agency of Lagos State. Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Time series Model was fitted with the aid of R (R i386. 3.6.1) statistical software package. Descriptive Statistics showing the mean, standard deviation, and variance were obtained. Unit root Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test for the entire series shows that the series is stationary. Time plots some of the vehicles show a positive trend like (saloon cars, van, lorry, minibus, ominibus), while those of tanker, tipper, trailer and tractor show a very sharp decrease in its series over the years. Forecast values were obtained on all the variables for 12 succeeding months. These reveal that it was only saloon cars and omnibus that show increase in their registration for the 12 months while tanker, van, tractor, lorry, trailer, minibus, and tipper show a decrease in new registration.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF DEBT MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA []


This study evaluated the effect of debt management on economic growth in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from secondary sources. A regression model was adopted for the analysis. The population of the study was three hundred and fifty (352) respondents from debt management office Abuja. The sample size for the study was one hundred and fifty (150) respondents that were selected from various departments of the debt management office. The study revealed that foreign debt has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth in Nigeria. Domestic debt was equally found to have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of Nigeria. Total debt has a positive effect on the economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that debt management is an important factor on the economic growth of developing nations like Nigeria. It was recommended that financial experts, policy makers, and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should integrate suitable as well as appropriate measures towards ensuring effective management of domestic debts in order to enhance gross domestic product as well as the economic growth of Nigeria. That the Nigerian government should put in place more management techniques and restriction on access to external or foreign debt as most of the external debt cannot be accounted for in the infrastructural projects claimed by some of the ministries, and that part of the external debts should directed towards encouraging investment in the system so as to increase capital formation and to achieve sustainable economic growth in the country. The Federal Government of Nigeria should use debt liquidation method in managing total debt in the country in order to avoid unnecessary borrowing in the economy in order to allow for effective and efficient economic growth in the country. Key terms: Public debt, Domestic debt, Total debt, Debt management, Economic growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Morbidité et mortalité liées au paludisme grave chez les enfants de 06-59 mois hospitalisés dans le service de pédiatrie du Csréf de Sikasso []


Abstract Introduction In Mali, malaria remains a major public health problem due to its impact on morbidity, mortality on children under 5. In 2014, health facilities recorded more than 2,300,000 clinical cases, i.e. 40% of consultations, and children under 5 years of age constitute the most vulnerable group, as evidenced by morbidity of 19% and mortality of 6.2%. The aim of our study was to assess the real burden of this pathology on children aged 6 to 59 months in the pediatric department of the Centre de Santé de Référence (Csref) de Sikasso. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, a period of 6 months. Data were collected on an individual survey form from the records of hospitalized patients aged 06 months to 59 months. Results: During the study period, we identified 692 patients meeting our inclusion criteria out of 11,82 hospitalized, representing a hospital frequency of 58.54%. The age group most affected was 24 to 59 months with 47.72%. The sex ratio was 1.09 in favor of males (52.17%). Fever was the most frequent reason for consultation (82.23%), followed by pallor (23.41%) and convulsions (21.68%). All patients (100%) had a positive GE. Parasite density ranged from 1600 to 80000 trophozoites (66.62%). Severe neurological malaria was the most frequent at 50.43%, followed by severe anemic malaria (42.10%) and severe neurological + anemic malaria (4.77%). Evolution was marked by 90.03% recovery without sequelae, 2.02% with sequelae, and 3.76% death. The neurological form was the most fatal at 42.31%. Conclusion : Morbidity and mortality linked to malaria remain high despite the efforts made by our governments and their partners in terms of diagnosis, management and prevention of this disease. Key words: morbidity, mortality, children, Csref Sikasso, Pediatrics

Customer Satisfaction with Marts of Butwal []


This study examined customer satisfaction with the services provided by Butwal sub-metropolitan city marts. The data was collected from the respondents using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The causal-comparative research design and the descriptive research design were utilized. 289 samples were collected. The SPSS 22.0 software version was used to analyze the data. The coefficients of correlation and regression were calculated. The study's findings revealed that all the independent variables studied have a strong positive link with the dependent variable. According to the regression results, among all the variables investigated in this study, facilities had the greatest impact on influencing consumer satisfaction, followed by personnel services, location, and product quality. However, the outcome revealed that the price has a detrimental impact.

Influence Of Technical Vocational Education Training Engineering Students Challenges On The Competences Of Engineering Mathematics A Case Of Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Musanze. []


Abstract: Backgroung: The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the challenges faced by TVET Engineering students on the competences of Engineering Mathematics, in IPRC Musanze located in Musanze District, Northern Province of Rwanda. The study was guided by the following objectives: To identify the challenges faced by the TVET Engineering students in Engineering Mathematics, to assess the competences of Engineering Mathematics of TVET Engineering students. And to identify the influence of the challenges faced by TVET Engineering students on the competences of Engineering Mathematics. Materials and Methods: The researcher used a descriptive research design and the targeted population is 262 respondents from which 72 was sampled using Yamane formula. The main sampling techniques that were used was simple random and purposive techniques. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data and the collected data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Thereafter, the data were presented in frequency distribution tables. Results: Based on the results of the first objective, the study concludes that lack of teaching resources, inadequate learning process, Insufficient of trained Lectures in CBT,poor motivation for milestone, poor Learners’ background in STEM, learners’ mind-set on the role of Engineering Mathematics are the challenges faced by TVET students in Engineering mathematics. Based on the results of second objective, the study conclude that TVET Engineering students in the departments of Civil Enginnering and Electrical Electronics Engineering, have got the following 5 different grades in the module of Engineering mathematics, in IPRC Musanze, Those grades are, higher class followed by distinction followed by lower class followed by pass and lastly fail . Based on the results of the third objective, there is a negative impact between challenges faced by TVET Engineering students in engineering mathematics module and their competences in such way that, due to lack of teaching resources, inadequate learning process, Insufficient of trained Lectures in CBT,poor motivation for milestone, poor Learners’ background in STEM, learners’ mind-set on the role of Engineering Mathematics are the challenges faced by TVET students in Engineering mathematics,and their competences of Engineering Mathematics have gone down, Due to the above mentioned challenges. hence negative relationship between challenges and competence of TVET Engineering students in Engineering mathematics.Keywords: Technical Vocational Education, Engineering Students challenges, Competences Of Engineering Mathematics, Integrated Polytechnic Reginal College Musanze., Rwanda

Effective Use Of Instructional Materials And Student Academic Performance In Selected Nine-Year Basic Education Schools A Case Of Gasabo District, Rwanda []


Abstract: Background: The purpose of this research project was to examine the extent to which the selected secondary schools in Gasabo district effectively use instructional materials in the classrooms and how this has promoted students' academic performance. This research project is based on three specific objectives as follows: To identify the instructional materials being used for teaching in order to achieve students’ academic performance; To examine the extent to which students in nine-years basic education perform with the effective use of instructional materials; To analyze effects of instructional materials usage on student academic performance in Gasabo District. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey timeline. The study population involved all secondary schools in Gasabo district. Out of 61 secondary schools in Gasabo district, 3 schools were randomly selected for data collection. The schools were: G.S. Remera Catholique, G.S. Kimironko I, and G.S Ndera. The head teacher and teachers were got using purposive sampling, and the students using random sampling. 1 head teacher was interviewed, 2 teachers in two schools, and 3 in the third school; plus 107 students from 2 of the 3 selected schools and 108 from the third school. Therefore, the researcher considered 330 respondents that were selected from three schools of Gasabo district using purposive sampling and simple random sampling. Hence, the research being composed of 1885 people as the study population and 330 as sample size, whereby sample size was found by using the Slovin’s formula. Materials and Methods: Structured questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect the data. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM/SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Descriptive data analysis, frequency distribution tables, inferential statistics involving percentages, correlation and frequencies were used in data presentation. Results: On the instructional materials being used for teaching in order to achieve students’ academic performance, the 71.4% agreed that they access on audio-visual resources, 57.2% responded yes that they use the audio resources, 85.7% agreed that they use the graphic resources and exercises books. On the extent to which students in nine-year basic education perform with the effective use of instructional materials, 85.7% of teachers agreed that the use of posters, charts and diagrams in teaching were very important for students learning. On the ways how instructional materials can be effectively used for student better academic performance, 87.5% of students’ respondents pointed out that the materials help them in improving knowledge and skills. The results indicated that correlation between the use of instructional materials and students’ academic performance was .959** that was a highly positive correlation and presented that there was a significant relationship between two variables. The results directed that the R Square = 0.919 which means it was clear that 91.9% of all variables of students’ academic performance can be deliberated by one’s of all variables of the use of instructional materials. Conclusion: It concluded that there was the significant effective use of instructional materials on student academic performance in Gasabo District, Rwanda, and recommended that the government should strive and set aside a reasonable amount of education budget which will be directed to improve and construct libraries and laboratories in schools. Keywords: Instructional Materials, Student Academic Performance, Nine-Year Basic Education Schools, Gasabo District, Rwanda.