Volume 10, Issue 10, October 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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FINANCIAL INCLUSION PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL SACCO'S IN NYAMAGABE DISTRICT, RWANDA. []


Governmental and banking sector initiatives on financial inclusiveness have had little effect, as new innovations that enable online wealth management, the digital revolution of financial intermediaries' developments, and group products and performers specializing in developing certain customer segments have all had a significant impact. The general objective of this study is to assess the relationship between financial inclusion practices and performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District. The study has the following specific objectives: to assess the effect of financial literacy practices on performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District; analyse the effect of contingency plan practices on performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District and evaluate the effect of access to credit practices on performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District. The population of the study was 2209 members and 6 staff of COOPEC Twizigamire in Nyamagabe District. The Solvin model, which gives a simple method to compute the number of respondents used to find the representative sample. A sample size of 339 is calculated using this equation. Purposive sampling used to choose participants for the research. Questionnaire and documentary review were used in the study. To analyze the gathered data, the researcher used the statistical method computed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The researcher employed descriptive and correlation analysis in this method. The frequency, proportion, and percentage computed for each variable under study are used in descriptive analysis. Correlation analysis is created to investigate and quantify the statistical relationship that exists between two variables. The p- value<0.05 which is a significance correlation, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.708. The value of R was 0.722, R square was 0.521, and an adjusted R square of 0.520 indicates that COOPEC Twizigamire's performance was 52.0% dependent on contingency plan practices. This indicates that there is a positive and strong relationship between financial literacy practices and the performance of COOPEC Twizigamire. The results of an analysis of variance across variables with F=290.937, p-value<0.05. This demonstrates that there is a significant association between credit procedures and performance. Saving and Credit Cooperative is recommended to teach their members how to handle loans responsibly, the number of loans that are not being paid back can go down and the chance of loan default can go down.

Enhancing the Productivity of Oredo Field using Microbes and Combination of Zinc Oxide and Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles. []


Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is receiving renewed interest worldwide in recent years as a viable method in producing entrapped oil in the reservoirs at the end of primary recovery. Many laboratory works have been done on MEOR which shows success, and field trials also carried out in stripper wells and has showed success. This study describes MEOR experiment, done in the laboratory using zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium oxide (CaO) and in combination of both nanoparticles to ascertain the extent to which it can increase production of oil in depleted reservoirs. Three litres of crude oil and seven litres of water where mixed together and later 20ml, 40ml and 60ml of bacteria were added with 5g, 10g and 15g of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were combined and all pumped at 2bars in an enhanced oil recovery system set up. The result shows that 97% was recovered on 60ml of bacteria using calcium oxide, 93% for zinc oxide and 95% combination of calcium and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The result reveals that 40ml of bacteria oil percentage recovered was 87% for calcium oxide, 83% for zinc oxide and 84% in combination of both calcium oxide and zinc oxide. Also, for 20ml of bacteria, 80% oil was recovered using calcium oxide, 54% zinc oxide and 61% on combination of nanoparticle. The use of nanoparticles, Nano fluids and nanotechnology is a new advances in the Energy industry as a whole, they will rapidly increase the recovery of oil if put into practice in the industry to speed up reaction and subsequently production.

Implémentation d’un système automatique de géocodage et géolocalisation des adresses pour un centre de contrôle anti-incendie cas de la police d’anti-incendie de la ville province de Kinshasa []


The purpose of this work is to develop a system of geocoding and geolocation of addresses for a control center anti-fire case of the police of anti-fire of the city of Kinshasa. It consists of first enlisting addresses in the city province of Kinshasa using a web application accessible in a tablet by the census agents. This operation is followed by an automatic collection of the geographical coordinates of the location through the Google Maps geolocation service incorporated into the application and the GPS service incorporated into the tablets or mobiles. The addresses are geocoded from these coordinates (longitude & latitude), an ID of the subscriber is assigned to him to allow him to alert the service in case of fire by the short message service "SMS" of his cell phone. After this enrolment operation, a reverse operation is performed to find the address from the ID or the coordinates sent by SMS in case of fire. This system facilitates the intervention, especially since all the fire alerts are mapped in the application with the shortest routes to reach the scene of the drama.

The role of Enterprise Architecture (EA) in improving healthcare delivery: a literature review []


EA “is a blueprint for organizational change defined in models [using words, graphics, and other depictions] that describe (in both business and technology terms) how the entity operates today and how it intends to operate in the future; it also includes a plan for transitioning to this future state" (Zachman).This paper uses literature review to explore the importance/ benefits of enterprise architecture and its contribution towards improving healthcare delivery. This included studies and relevant reviews on the state of art of the Enterprise Architecture's application in Healthcare Systems. Inclusion criteria were that, studies should relate to the importance/benefits of an EA application, Justification of EA application, challenges to EA adoption in healthcare systems, the most used methodologies, frameworks and best practices guide for the application of EA in Healthcare systems and EA success factor benefits in healthcare systems. In conclusion, benefits and success factors for application of EA, serve as a strong evidence for the need of EA implementation to improve healthcare service delivery especially in low developed countries like Uganda. Keywords: Enterprise architecture, healthcare delivery.

EVALUATION OF PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING THE ELECTRONIC MEDI-CAL RECORD SYSTEM IN RWANDA: A CASE OF BUTARO DISTRICT HOSPITAL []


Background: Electronic Medical Record (EMR) System is a technique of digitization of the patient’s health records and all information about their illness history including medications taken, diagnosis, demographics and treatment plans to name but a few. This system has proved its successfulness after being implemented not only in economically rich nations but also even in resource-limited countries like those in Africa.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL SACCO'S IN NYAMAGABE DISTRICT, RWANDA. []


Governmental and banking sector initiatives on financial inclusiveness have had little effect, as new innovations that enable online wealth management, the digital revolution of financial intermediaries' developments, and group products and performers specializing in developing certain customer segments have all had a significant impact. The general objective of this study is to assess the relationship between financial inclusion practices and performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District. The study has the following specific objectives: to assess the effect of financial literacy practices on performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District; analyse the effect of contingency plan practices on performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District and evaluate the effect of access to credit practices on performance of selected agricultural SACCOs in Nyamagabe District. The population of the study was 2209 members and 6 staff of COOPEC Twizigamire in Nyamagabe District. The Solvin model, which gives a simple method to compute the number of respondents used to find the representative sample. A sample size of 339 is calculated using this equation. Purposive sampling used to choose participants for the research. Questionnaire and documentary review were used in the study. To analyze the gathered data, the researcher used the statistical method computed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The researcher employed descriptive and correlation analysis in this method. The frequency, proportion, and percentage computed for each variable under study are used in descriptive analysis. Correlation analysis is created to investigate and quantify the statistical relationship that exists between two variables. The p- value<0.05 which is a significance correlation, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.708. The value of R was 0.722, R square was 0.521, and an adjusted R square of 0.520 indicates that COOPEC Twizigamire's performance was 52.0% dependent on contingency plan practices. This indicates that there is a positive and strong relationship between financial literacy practices and the performance of COOPEC Twizigamire. The results of an analysis of variance across variables with F=290.937, p-value<0.05. This demonstrates that there is a significant association between credit procedures and performance. Saving and Credit Cooperative is recommended to teach their members how to handle loans responsibly, the number of loans that are not being paid back can go down and the chance of loan default can go down.

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING GISENYI DISTRICT HOSPITAL, RWANDA []


Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are multisystem disorders unique to human pregnancy and represent one of the most common problems of pregnancy and lead to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study seeks to determine the proportion of hypertension disorders and associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care in Gisenyi District Hospital. It is a cross-sectional study only quantitative technique. The findings will add to the growing body of knowledge needed for non-communicable diseases control especially hypertension control by the Ministry of Health and Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC). They will also be helpful in describing hypertensive disorders and associated factors while contributing towards its implementation against hypertension prevention and control programs. Furthermore, this study will provide baseline information regarding hypertension prevalence among pregnant mothers which may be used for further researchers. This study was targeting all pregnant women attending health centers of Gisenyi District Hospital zone. The total sample size is 305 pregnant women attending the services of antenatal care during the period of data collection. Simple random and systematic sampling techniques were used to select study participants. Bivariate analysis was used to establish factors associated with the rate of hypertensive disorders among pregnant women. However, PIH is still a little-understood entity, despite the enormous impact of its complications on maternal and fetal outcomes. The first objective guiding the study aimed at assessing knowledge level towards hypertensive disorders among pregnant women attending antenatal services of Rubavu district. The result on the demographic characteristics shows that the highest percentage of the respondents (40.7%) were aged between 25 and 30 years, majority were married (97.2%), most were (55.6%) attended secondary and the majority of respondents (55.6%) were Christian followers. The result of the study indicates that the prevalence of high blood pressure among pregnant women attending ANC services was 24.1%. Merchant pregnant women [AOR = 4.52; 95%CI = 1.09-18.82; p = 0.038], government/private employed women [AOR = 4.10; 95%CI = 1.13-14.90; p = 0.032], family history of hypertension [AOR = 4.00; 95%CI = 1.30-12.28; p = 0.016], history of asthma [AOR = 6.03; 95%CI = 1.35-26.89; p = 0.018] and women experienced severe headache w [AOR = 3.53; 95%CI = 1.06-11.75; p = 0.040] were independently associated with high blood pressure among pregnant women. The study concludes that the prevalence of high blood pressure among women attending antenatal clinic. Therefore, in order to reduce the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension health stakeholders should incorporate comprehensive health education on risk factors and prevention of hypertension in programs targeting women of childbearing age.

assessment model and effective implementation of competency based assessment in the primary schools in the east region of cameroon []


Abstract: Competency-based education is an innovative approach to the design of educational programs that would help learners not only to have mastery of knowledge, skills, and attitudes; but to be able to apply them in solving real life problems (Rogiers, 2016). Cameroon introduced CBC in primary education in September 2018 (Alemnge, 2020). Like other African countries, it is facing challenges. The purpose of this paper was to examine the extent to which assessment models influence the effective implementation of CBA in the primary schools of the East region of Cameroon. The research designs used for the study were correlational and descriptive survey design. Convenient sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 335 teachers, from the English and the French primary schools in the East Region. The study was guided by 7 research questions. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire, an interview guide and checklist. Data was analysed descriptively and inferentially using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and T-test with the help of SPSS version 20. The findings revealed that the conception of CBA approach in the primary school ; the types of assessment; assessment methods; item types; criteria and grading; together with the alignment of instructional methods with assessment; all have a positive correlation with the effective implementation of CBA (values 0.241< r<0.420; p< 0.001). A further test was used to check the mean differences between the two sub systems and results showed differences with the conception of CBA; assessment types, criteria and alignment. The French teachers proved to have fewer challenges than the English. The overall practice and perception were judged at moderate with a mean value of 3.60. Their major obstacle was the lack of a model to guide CBA implementation in both systems. Recommendations were made to the ministry especially the policy makers and the assessors; to the inspectors and the teachers. The researcher ended up by explaining her four step holistic assessment model (FIPO model) that could be used to design summative assignments especially for certificate examinations. Keywords: assessment, model, assessment model, competency, Competency Based Assessment, CBE: Competency Based Education

The Crisis of Runoff Control in Greater Khartoum []


This research paper performed in Greater Khartoum and intended to investigate the seasonally occurring runoff control crises that induces severe impacts on public utilities, communities and the environment. Data from observed knowledge, real life truths, and interviews and consultations used to discuss and analyze causes of the problem. The paper concluded that the lack of political will is the mother problem that produced the sequential causes, and recommended reform of the political mind-set and building strong will to undertake change.

Seasonally Waterlogged North of Khartoum North Urban Neighborhoods []


This research conducted in Northern Khartoum North-Elsamrab and Eldoroshab Neighborhoods. Secondary data from published sources and primary information from Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing images together with field surveys (case study) findings, used to identify factors thought to be contributing to seasonal waterlogging in the area. The Soil Conservation Services-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method used to estimate the direct runoff depth and the consequent volume of specific rain event for planning and control purposes. The research concluded that, the on ground conditions, observed facts and real-life truths in the area denote inability of the existing control procedures and measures to efficiently reduce and/or convey runoff flows to a final destination, whether it be, the atmosphere, groundwater or receiving waters. The main result figured in this study is a forest strip proposed for runoff conservation as part of an effective overall drainage network system.

The Impact of Financial sector development on economic growth in Tanzania: An empirical and methodological review []


Financial sector development is essential for the growth and development of any economy. In this regard, this paper provides an empirical review of the impact of financial sector development on economic growth in Tanzania and suggests appropriate methodology. The review is based on two theories, supply leading and demand following hypotheses. The study discusses the methods and techniques used to analyse the finance-growth relationship and recommends that ARDL, ECM, and Co-integration, which provide consistent results, should be used by researchers. Finally, further studies should employ the financial development index to capture the diversity of developments in the financial sector.

DOMESTIC DEBT BURDEN AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GROWTH OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY []


ABSTRACT This study employed secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and Nigeria statistical bulletin to ascertain the effect of debt burden on economic growth of Nigeria. The data is on domestic debt of Nigeria and GDP. The domestic debt data include debts through FGN bond (FBond), Treasury Bill (TBill) and Treasury Bond (TBond) instrument. The GDP is used as the dependent variable whiles the Domestic debt instruments are the independent variables. The two factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), regression analysis and correlation measures were used in testing the various hypotheses of interest at 5% level of significance. The study reveals that total domestic debt burden has consistently increased over the years. The study also reveals that only FGN Bond (FBond) and Treasury bond (TBond) have significant impact with the growth of Nigerian economy. The result also shows positive relationship between economic growth and the bond instruments. This study therefore concludes that the increasing domestic debt burden especially through bond instruments significantly translates to economic growth through infrastructural development in Nigeria. The study among other things recommends that Nigeria and states within should try as much as possible to improve on internally generated revenue (IGR) so as to reduce incessant quest for loan leading to ever increasing debt burden of Nigeria.

EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE SECURITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS NETWORK []


The evaluation and development of new Strategies for Wireless Network is a complex task, as there is no general optimization strategy. Traditionally, energy efficiency and security have been treated separately, but in recent years, there has been an increase in demand for joint optimization. This paper presents a number of strategies that can help in achieving a balance between these two objectives. The authors of the paper present an energy-efficient relay selection scheme that maximizes secrecy while minimizing network energy consumption. This framework can be used to select the best relays, based on their relative power levels. This scheme enables a wireless network to achieve maximum reliability, while preserving energy-efficiency. The authors propose a protocol that can help wireless sensor networks to increase security while reducing costs.