Volume 10, Issue 10, October 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS AND MARKETING OF JAMBAL ROTI SALTED FISH CASE STUDY AT POKLAHSAR JAJAMBEAN IN PANGANDARAN REGENCY []


This research aims to analyze the value and marketing of jambal roti products produced by POKLAHSAR JAJAMBEAN, in Pangandaran Regency, West Java – Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The research data was collected by direct field observation as primary data. In addition, secondary data is also used as supporting data. This research took place at the location of making jambal roti 'Kios Damar, Poklahsar Jajambean', Pangandaran East Coast, West Java. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Calculation of added value using the Hayami method. Analysis was also carried out on the marketing of jambal roti conducted by “Kios Damar POKLAHSAR JAJAMBEAN. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: a) the added value obtained from processing catfish into jambal roti products by “Kios Damar” is Rp. 69,000/kg, with a value added ratio of 58.97%. Jambal Roti market segmentation "Kios Damar" is a dynamic attribute segmentation, the target market is tourists who have the habit of buying Pangandaran typical products as souvenirs. In addition, static attribute segmentation is used, the market is located in the tourist area of Pangandaran Beach. The basis of competition for Jambal Roti products in the Pangandaran beach tourism area is product differentiation. Determination of the price of Jambal Roti “Kios Damar” based on cost plus pricing and Lining Pricing. Promotions carried out by "Kios Damar" in marketing jambal roti are personal selling, through word of mouth and through social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and e-commerce platforms. Keywords: promotion, cost plus pricing, market segmentation, souvenirs, quality.

POSITIVE POLITENESS APPROACHES APPLIED BY THE JUDGES IN MASTER CHEF AUSTRALIA: SEASON 11 []


The purpose of this study was to examine how the judges for MasterChef Australia employed positive politeness approaches in their remarks and what variables influenced their decision. The first and fifth episodes of season 11 of Master Chef Australia were chosen as the research's data sources. The paradigm developed by Brown & Levinson (1987) about the politeness approach and its motivating variables was employed to analyze the data. The researcher used a qualitative technique in her investigation. She analyzed films from episodes 1 and 55 to get the information. She also underlined any phrases, words, and sentences that use constructive politeness techniques. The study found that 12 of the 15 strategies put forth were used by the judges. These strategies included using an in-group identification marker, exaggerating, rewarding the hearer, noticing or attending to the hearer, avoiding disagreement, including the speaker and the hearer in an action, showing intense interest in the hearer, promising, giving, or asking for a reason, jokes, seeking agreement, and asserting presenter understanding and apprehension for the hearer's desires. The study also discovered that the relevant circumstances component and compensation were the key drivers behind the judges' usage of positive politeness tactics. By convincing the listener that the speaker saw herself/himself as being of the same sort as hearer liked or intended to satisfy hearer's wishes, the judges were able to lessen the FTA and lower the social gap between themselves and the competitors.

Preparation of oxidized cellulose from Shambat Cotton Lint Using phosphoric acid and nitric acid with sodium nitrite Solvent System []


Cotton cellulose has interesting properties which can be controlled to a large degree by chemical modification. This study was designed to prepare cellulose derivative with different functional group. from Sudanese Shambat cotton lint. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer on earth and hence can be regarded as a very important raw material for several purposes. The chemical structures of these derivatives were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA, DSC). Cotton cellulose was directly dissolved in phosphoric acid (85%). The reaction of cellulose with a mixture of H3PO4/ HNO3 in the presence of NaNO2 at room temperature for different time intervals has been investigated to produce oxidized cellulose. The results revealed an increase in carboxyl content with increasing reaction time. FTIR spectra of the oxidized different cellulose samples, confirmed the presence of a strong absorption band at around 1740 cm_1 that was attributed to the band of carbonyl group of carboxylic moiety. Solubility in some organic solvents was tested for the prepared derivative to explore possible new uses and applications. The study recommended that the use of modified cellulose derivatives as heavy metal adsorbents for its high abundance, low cost and the ease with which it can be modified chemically.

KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND PRACTICES TOWARDS PALLIATIVE CARE AMONG CLINICAL OFFICERS IN MOI TEACHING AND REFERAL HOSPITAL UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA []


Background: To provide quality care at the end of life or for chronically sick patients, clinical officers must have good knowledge, perception, and practices about palliative care. In Moi teaching and referral hospital PC is new and very little is known about the type of services offered and the readiness of clinical officers to provide PC. Objectives: The objectives of this study was to determine the knowledge, perception and practices towards palliative care among clinical officers in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, with more focus on the knowledge, perception and practices on clinical officers at departmental levels. Methodology: The study was conducted at MTRH, Uasin Gishu County Kenya Located at Eldoret. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total of110 clinical officers, using solving formula. All clinical officers at MTRH with a population of an approximate of 151 clinical officers. Semi-structured questionnaires was used to collect data with instructions to tick where appropriate. Part A socio-demographic factors about palliative care, Part B knowledge about palliative care. Part C perceptions about palliative care. Part D practices about palliative care. Data cleaning was done to remove erroneous questionnaires, coding of variables was done, and data analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows Version 20.0 Armonk, NY: IBM corp. Data has been presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Informed consent obtained from the respondents. Participation was voluntarily and no incentive given. Approval to conduct the research was sought from MTRH and IREC. Findings:85.5% of the participants in the survey were clinical officers at MTRH, 14.5% were occupying other positions in the hospital like administration. However, 55% of them have been in the clinical department more than 4 years period, 18% of the participants have been in the clinical department for 2-4 years,27% of the participants have been in the clinical department for 1-2 yrs. The survey had 110 participants whereby 47 of them were males and the rest 63 were females. 56.4% of the participants were at the age of 30-40 years while 29.1% of them were below 30 years ,9.0% of them were 40-50years and the rest 5.5% are more than 50 years of age. Conclusions: This study came to the conclusion that clinical officers lack knowledge and practices of palliative care, particularly the element related to standard medical procedure, and that this knowledge gap prevents them from practicing palliative care to patients. Ages, educational background, year of experience were all significant indicators of knowledge of palliative care. Recommendation: Palliative care programs should be created to address clinical officers' knowledge level, practices by implementing on job training and mentorship, and educational needs in order to promote high-quality palliative care for patients and their families. This study offers pertinent data that can be used to create palliative care teaching programs for Clinical Officers who treat patients with terminal illness. Palliative care should also be specialized in accordance with the peculiarities of the disease and coordinated professional specialties.

Financial Literacy and access to Agricultural credit: Evidence from the Dairy sub-sector in Murang’a County, Kenya. []


In Kenya, only less than 10% of farmers’ access formal credit despite the availability of suitably priced loan products specific to the sector from commercial banks. Literature suggests low demand of formal agricultural is a result of self-exclusion, as evidence shows clients from the sector acquire credit from other expensive informal sources. Financial literacy was hypothesized to affect alignment of credit needs to individual credit needs and presumed to affect credit access. The study used a descriptive research design, adopting a cross sectional survey strategy in data collection to investigate credit access from commercial banks by dairy farmers. Questionnaires were issued to a sample of 384 respondents drawn from 21,576 dairy farmers. Data analysis was done using double-hurdle model which assumed participation and consumption as two sequential steps necessary for credit access. analyzed using normal Probit, and truncated Tobit models respectively. Findings revealed that financial literacy had a significant effect on credit access. Based on findings, the study recommends for acceleration of financial literacy programs to impart recipients with to enhance access of formal credit by small holder farmers.

BUYER-SELLER NEGOTIATION: MILITARY CARGO JET ACQUISITION []


This article addressed a Brazilian buyer-seller negotiation between Air Force Representative and a Military Aircraft Company aiming to acquire sixteen Military Cargo Jets. The seller is a private aircraft manufacturer, whereas the public agent (buyer) represents the federal government. The Brazilian Congress sanctioned the negotiation to renew the Air Force Cargo Jet fleet. Key findings pointed out the necessity of improvement of negotiation planning and underlying common interests' joint investigation. Discussion and future research complete the present work.

Effect of Teacher's Behaviour on Student's Academic Performance and Personality []


This study was designed to find out the effect on a student's personality and his/her academic career or achievement due to a teacher's behaviour and attitude. The main purpose of this paper is to focus on the major issues related to teachers’ behaviour, to study the factors affecting students’ personalities, academic achievement, and careers, and then to recommend suggestions for handling these problems effectively. It is very important to find out the characteristics and significance of teachers' behaviour and its effect on the academic achievement and personality of students. Therefore, teachers’ positive behaviour and interaction with students play a critical role in strengthening the potential required for better academic achievement and personality development of students. Hence, the purpose of the study was to examine the effect on students' academic achievement and personality as a result of the teacher's behaviour.

Les Relations diplomatiques entre la Chine et l’Afrique : État des lieux et perspectives dans un contexte de COVID 19 []


At first glance, China seems to be the ideal partner for Africa, and African governments are blinded by Chinese investments. In reality, there is a certain mistrust due to the long-term economic and social cost. Indeed, the reports of the OECD "Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development", published in 2006, underline the shortcomings of the Chinese presence in Africa in terms of local development. Chinese companies are accused of flooding local markets with counterfeit and low-quality products, hurting businesses on the mainland. Chinese shops are flooding many African cities, to compete directly with local markets. All Africa specialists agree that there is a total lack of transparency on the part of China: lack of figures for aid and for the number of Chinese settled in Africa ... etc. Opening up to the 2nd world power is certainly very advantageous, but African countries must come out of their blindness and must absolutely show discernment and vigilance. Also, China has undoubtedly scored points in Africa: it has become an undeniable factor of development there and has acquired an unprecedented and leading diplomatic influence. However, it is far from having become an exclusive partner there. On the contrary, the emergence of Chinese companies has stimulated competition between large national or transnational groups, forcing Westerners to abandon certain sectors (roads) and to focus on what they know how to do best (high technology), at the same time opening up the door to other emerging countries such as India and Brazil. On the diplomatic level, it is mutatis mutandis the same: the rise in influence of Beijing has helped to broaden the game, allowing African capitals to negotiate in a less unfavorable position with Washington, Brussels, Paris or London, and to become more active [Vickers, 2013]. Shouldn't we be happy about it? It is true that for Europe and France the emergence of China in Africa constitutes a new challenge, both economic but also political, even ideological. Thus, what Paris delegated to Brussels in terms of means of cooperation did not translate into additional influence and even less European power on the "Black Continent". On the contrary, the decline in French funding has been accompanied by a decline in Europe [Chaponnière, 2013]. And the rise of China has weakened the meaning and scope of our rhetoric on good governance and human rights. However, Beijing's hold should not be exaggerated. Thus, in 2011, the European Union was still Africa's largest trading partner (20% of trade) ahead of China (7%), the United States (7%), India (3%) and Brazil (1.6%). And Africa only does 12.5% of its trade with the BRICs. In addition, Africa remains for everyone a difficult and unstable, fragmented and asymmetrical terrain, and above all steeped in structuring traditions and influences, many of which, and not the least of which - for example language or institutions - date back to the colonization, so many data that are called upon to maintain a certain balance between China and the other powers present in Africa. The Chinese model of authoritarian development may appeal to some elites or some African countries. But it lacks the power to question the political traditions that have emerged there and have dominated their history. COVID 19 has turned China-Africa relations upside down, and even all international relations, especially in terms of trade. De facto, the African economy has taken a "fatal blow" and this really explains the exponential increases in the prices of even basic necessities. In short, life has become expensive and social cracks are growing; by extension, organized crime and terrorism. In view of this situation, shouldn't China develop a new foreign policy to relaunch its cooperation, especially with Africa, knowing that the end of COVID 19 is not for tomorrow? Indeed, for some actors, COVID 19 would be implemented to break the economic rhythm of China even if the phenomenon ended up affecting all the nations of the world.

Factors Associated With Stunting Among Children Under Two Years Attending Immunization Program in Nyabihu District, Rwanda. []


Chronic malnutrition remains a public health problem at global level where 149 million children are stunted. In Rwanda 33% children under-five years are stunted and Nyabihu District has 46% of under five Children stunted. The integration of nutritional services in immunization program was found as a foundation for improvement of nutrition status. The study investigated the factors associated with stunting of children attending immunization program. The study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The target population was 767 children who were expected in immunization program on a monthly basis. A sample of 352 mothers who brought their children for immunization program were interviewed for this study. Convenience sampling was used to choose 4 heath centers among 16 health centers of Nyabihu District. Simple random sampling was utilized to choose mothers children pairs who attended immunization program in 4 selected health centers. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS Version 16. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze stunting while logistic regression analysis for socio-demographic profile and feeding practices was used with a significant level of 0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from MKU, District and from respondents. A pre-established questionnaire prepared in English was translated in Kinyarwanda and was used in one-to-one interview with selected participants. The big proportion of Children 94.6% had normal nutritional status/height for age and only 5.4% were stunted. Socio-economic and demographic factors that were associated with stunting includes age, gender, marital status, family size, education level, ubudehe categories, occupation, and monthly income. The bivariate analysis indicated the association between ubudehe category (P=0.049), occupation (P=0.004) of mothers and stunting. The logistic regression analysis revealed that children who were sometimes fed a balanced diet were more likely to be stunted compared to those who were always fed a balanced diet (AOR=3.70, 95% CI: [1.045-13.135], P=0.043). Children whose mothers sometimes seek care when they are sick were nine times more likely to be stunted compared to those whose mothers always seek care when they are sick (AOR=9.36, 95% CI: [2.032-43.165], P=0.004). Feeding practices were exclusive breastfeeding, frequency of feeding a child with a balanced diet per day, meal frequency, responsiveness, the time spent in feeding a child, frequency of breastfeeding a child per day, time spent in playing with a child. The bivariate analysis showed that time for breastfeeding a child (P<0.001), seeking care for a sick child (P<0.001), hand washing practices (P< 0.001), feeding a child with balanced diet (P=0.030), feeding a child with animal source food (P=0.023) were significantly associated with stunting. The results from logistic regression analysis revealed that children who were sometimes fed a balanced diet had been more likely to be stunted compared to the ones who were always fed a balanced diet (AOR=3.70, 95% CI: [1.045-13.135], P=0.043). Children whose mothers sometimes seek care when they are sick were nine times more likely to be stunted compared to the ones whose mothers always seek care when they are sick (AOR=9.36, 95% CI: [2.032-43.165], P=0.004). Children attending immunization program in Nyabihu District had good nutritional status. Stunting were associated with poverty, low maternal education level, poor hand washing practices of mothers and lack of animal source food. Nyabihu District should advocate for the poorest and unemployed mothers to access income generating activities and reinforce community cooking demonstrations. Keywords: Immunization program, Nutrition status, Nutritional services in immunization program Stunting.

Article scientifique sur Gnawa []


La présente recherche, qui ambitionne d’apporter des éclaircissements de différentes sources afin de donner une vue globale de la question. Ce serait une tâche interminable que de vouloir citer toutes les études sur les Gnawa, mais comme nul n’est jamais repris que de ces choses dont il n’a garde aucune, il n’est nul besoin de vous prier, lecteur, de comparer le nombre de celles qui ont pu être vues et le nombre de celles qui ont pu être échappées ; il vous sera loisible de voir quel effort avait été fourni pour éviter tant de mégardes, et de ne tomber que dans celles au dessus desquelles la vigilance n’avait point pu passer ; notre nature laisse toujours une part à la faiblesse, au miroir de laquelle se réfléchit pour nous la limite de nos soins et de nos capacités.

EFFECT OF EMPLOYMENT EMPOWERMENT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE IN KENDARI NAVIGATION DISTRICT []


The objectives to be achieved in this study are to know and analyze (1) the effect of work empowerment on satisfaction, (2) the effect of job involvement on satisfaction. (3) The effect of work empowerment on performance. (4) The effect of work involvement on employee performance. (5) The effect of satisfaction on performance. (6) The effect of job empowerment on performance mediated by satisfaction. (7) The effect of job involvement on performance mediated by employee satisfaction in the Kendari Navigation District. The population in this study was 65 employees and all of them were used as respondents. The analytical tool used is SEM-Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the results of the study showed (1) Work empowerment has a significant effect on job satisfaction. (2) Work empowerment has no significant effect on job satisfaction. (3) Job involvement has a significant effect on job satisfaction. (4) Work involvement has no significant effect on performance. (5) Job satisfaction directly has a significant effect on employee performance. (6) Job satisfaction does not mediate the effect of work empowerment on employee performance. (7) Job satisfaction does not mediate the effect of job involvement on employee performance.

Enhancement Proposal of Passenger Boarding Bridge Design And Manufacture in Muscat International Airport []


Completion of successful assessment carried out on Muscat International Airport with respect to Passenger Boarding Bridge. This paper is conducive to submitting a strategic recommendation of the current challenges that include the design and operational process of the Passenger Boarding Bridge. In the direction to enhance and improve the efficiency of the Passenger Boarding Bridge as one of the most important pillars of the airport on which the smooth flow of operations depends. This report demonstrates the general design of the Passenger Boarding Bridge, the main parts and the manufacturing process and materials used for the main parts of the bridge. In a conclusion, the assessment comes up with strategic recommendations to Oman Airports Board of Directors with an enhancement in the design and manufacture of the Passenger Boarding Bridge (PBB) in order to improve the (PBB) technology and solve the human errors that are involved with the operational process of passenger boarding bridge such as bridge remotely docking, transparent cab curtain, mechanical stopper and connecting the bridge to the Airport cooling system.

CONTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS’ MONETARY INCENTIVES ON SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN IRINGA MUNICIPALITY []


This study determined the contribution of teachers’ monetary incentives on secondary schools’ students’ academic performance in Iringa Municipality. The research employed a mixed approach. A cross-sectional survey design was used whereby the study population was 320 secondary teachers where a sample size of 178 was drawn out of it. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used for the selection of respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data using SPSS v.20 software. The study fonds that in Iringa Municipality, the status of monetary incentives in secondary schools’ teachers is low as majority of teachers comment that there is lack of bonuses, cash prizes, financial rewards and transport allowances to teachers, perhaps some teachers are given house allowances. Meanwhile, teaching and learning classes are in order and the leadership style is democratic and participative in Iringa Municipal secondary schools. The study concludes that for employees to perform better, motivation factors are very important with the institution. The study recommends that the government secondary schools owners as employers should motivate their employees to inspire them to perform higher; this gives a chance for the institution to reach institution targets while increasing students’ academic performance.

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF SELECTED HOTELS IN IRINGA MUNICIPALITY []


The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supplementary services on customer loyalty in Tanzania. Spe-cifically, the study intended to assess effect of facilitating services, enhancing services and exception services towards the customer loyalty of hotel sector in Iringa Municipality. The research employed a quantitative research approach whereby a descriptive design was used. The targeted population was 120 customers of selected hotels from in Iringa Municipality where a sample size of 90 was drawn out of it. Convenient sampling techniques were used for the selection of respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data. From the findings, it was observed that that majority of hotel customers are loyal because of the facilitating services provided by hotels. Effective facilitating services towards the customer loyalty of hotel sector helps to increase customer loyalty of hotel sector at Iringa Municipality. In addition, majority of hotel customers are loyal because of the enhancing services provided by hotels. In addition, enhancing services like consultation and hospitality on hotel is very higher and they influence customer loyalty. Furthermore, exception services in hotel industry affect more customer loyalty. The way customer gets more exception services such as access to water polo service, conference centre, quality internet service or attractive arcade (gallery) influence customers to stay more in hotel while building their loyalty to such hotel. The study concludes that for the hotels, facilitating services like provision of insights information, taking orders, bills payment information and inquires on any payments to customers are very useful in developing customer loyalty of hotel sector. Safety is most important; thus, hotel owners should invest more on the safety of their customers to influence customer loyalty hence increasing hotel market share. The researcher recommends that hotel owners should ensure that supplementary services are attractive to customers and are consistence to attract more customers in the hotel industry. On the staff point of view, it is important that staff to have hospitality to their customers and provide any supplement services when needed by the customers under hotels condition. Such services will increase customer loyalty.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF IN-SERVICE TRAINING ON TEACHING AND LEARNING PERFORMANCES OF TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA []


The study aimed assessed the contribution of in-service training on teaching and learning performances of teachers in public secondary schools in Tanzania by taking a case study of Njombe Town Council. Specifically, the researcher explored the contribution of in-service training on the pedagogical skills development and how it enhances the performance of teaching and learning, it examined the contribution of in-service training to masterly of subject contents and finally, It reviewed different models of teacher professional development that guide the operationalization of this study. The study was conducted in Njombe Town Council in Njombe region and involved 20 respondents. Interview and Documentary review methods were used in the data collection process. The researcher employed a thematic analysis with the observation of all trustworthiness aspects such as credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability of the study. The findings showed that teachers do attend various in-service training programmes that assisted them to be updated. Also, it was revealed that through attending different in-service training teachers have updated themselves in different working and teaching angles to most public secondary schools. Moreover, the findings revealed that through attending different in-service training teachers mastered the subject matter content through consolidating the relationship with another subject master from other schools, gaining new tactics and knowledge on the taught subject matter and improving the methodology of teaching the mastered subject matter content. Finally, the study concludes that despite the government’s directives and policies sensitization on the importance of in-service training to public secondary schools, for the case of this study; it was found that the operation of in-service training had a positive contribution towards updating teachers on enhancing quality teaching delivery. It recommends that since the in-service training has shown to have a positive impact on teachers’ professional development and efficiency, it is, therefore, the government and other educational stakeholders as well, as school administrators should join hands to strengthen the operation of in-service training in both public and private secondary schools. School administrators should set a calendar for conducting in-service training internally and advise the government on the importance accrued from the in-service training and provide a room for all members to participate in those activities.

Value-Added Analysis and Marketing of Ciwidey Milkfish (Case Study on CV. Ciwidey Food) []


This research aims to calculate the added value of milkfish processed into stuffed milkfish products and analyze the marketing carried out by CV Ciwidey Food. The research method used is the survey method. Data collection is done through direct observation of the location of the milkfish factory in Ciwidey. The data taken includes the manufacturing process and all things related to product production factors. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The added value is analyzed using the Hayami method. The results showed that the added value resulting from processing milkfish into stuffed milkfish products was Rp. 24,933/kg. The ratio of added value from processing is 44,52 %. The level of profit obtained by the company amounted to 65.25 %. Marketing analysis of Bandeng Isi Ciwidey uses static market segmentation in terms of geographic distribution to resellers spread throughout Indonesia. Based on the results of observations, Bandeng Isi Ciwidey has rival competitors, substitute competitors, and newcomer competitors. Determination of product prices carried out by CV. Ciwidey Food uses the Cost-Plus Pricing method and the promotion uses social media such as Whatsapp, Instagram, and also Tiktok. Keywords: milkfish, survey method, cost-plus pricing, profit level, rival competitors, descriptive, market segmentation.

Preparation of oxidized cellulose from Shambat Cotton Lint Using phosphoric acid and nitric acid with sodium nitrite Solvent System []


Cotton cellulose has interesting properties which can be controlled to a large degree by chemical modification. This study was designed to prepare cellulose derivative with different functional group. from Sudanese Shambat cotton lint. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer on earth and hence can be regarded as a very important raw material for several purposes. The chemical structures of these derivatives were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA, DSC). Cotton cellulose was directly dissolved in phosphoric acid (85%). The reaction of cellulose with a mixture of H3PO4/ HNO3 in the presence of NaNO2 at room temperature for different time intervals has been investigated to produce oxidized cellulose. The results revealed an increase in carboxyl content with increasing reaction time. FTIR spectra of the oxidized different cellulose samples, confirmed the presence of a strong absorption band at around 1740 cm_1 that was attributed to the band of carbonyl group of carboxylic moiety. Solubility in some organic solvents was tested for the prepared derivative to explore possible new uses and applications. The study recommended that the use of modified cellulose derivatives as heavy metal adsorbents for its high abundance, low cost and the ease with which it can be modified chemically.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CAUSES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER IN OROMIA PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS []


The purposes of this study were to find out the actual causes behind employee turnover in public service organizations in general and in Oromia Public Service Organizations in particular. Employee turnover has become a problem for public service organizations. Oromia Public Service organizations are one of those organizations that sufferer from this high rate of employee turnover. Among a total of 1120 professional employees currently working in eight sectors at regional level, 280 employees were selected as the sample of the study. In order to collect primary data, questionnaires were distributed to 280 employees and 252 respondents filled and replied. In addition to questionnaires, interviews were conducted with human resource managers to gather data. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS Window 16.0 version. The tests involved are frequency distribution, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, ANOVA and Regression. The result of the findings indicated the highest factor affecting employee turnover was employees’ job dissatisfaction. Monetary reward is another major factor that highly initiates employees to leave the organizations. Respondents are not satisfied with their participation in organizational decision making process, and this is also another factor that causes employee turnover at the organizations. Based on the findings result, it is advisable that the organizations have to implement the retention mechanism by revising compensation policies, encouraging employees to participate in decision making, assigning and promoting employees to different position according to their professional specialties. Key word: Causes of employee turnover and Oromia Public service organizations

ANALYSIS OF ADDED VALUE OF CRISPY MAMA SHRIMP "PLINTI SEAFOOD" IN THE EAST BEACH AREA, PANGANDARAN DISTRICT []


Pangandaran Regency has a high potential and is a mainstay for export commodities in Indonesia, namely shrimp. In 2014 alone, the production of shrimp farming in Pangandaran Regency was 419.36 tons. One of the processed shrimp is crispy shrimp. Processed with a high level of interest and durable. Dried snacks are popular with the public because they are easy to eat and practical. Therefore, we need an analysis that can calculate the progress of the business so that it goes according to plan and the most important thing is not to lose. Value-added analysis is able to calculate in detail the course of the business so that it produces an output that can be profitable for sellers. Clear calculations cause manufacturers to have limits to avoid waste. Determination of the location is by using purposive or intentionally. The location of the research was carried out in the crispy shrimp processing industry owned by Mrs. Ade on the East Coast, Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency, precisely Jl. Grandmother Take Care of the TPI Block Ocean. This research was conducted in September 2022. The method used is the case study method. Types and sources of data used by utilizing both primary data and secondary data. Analysis of added value was measured using the Hayami method. By Khas Pangandaran Mama "Plinti Seafood", is one of the krosok shrimp product businesses owned by Mrs. Ade which is located on the East Coast of Pangandaran, precisely on Jl. Grandmother Guards the Ocean TPI Block, Pangandaran Regency. Market segmentation of "Plinti Seafood" Crispy Mama Shrimp in the East Coast Region, 1 Pangandaran Regency is targeting the general public and women 30-65 years old, as well as tourists/tourists visiting Pangandaran beach who are looking for souvenirs. The improvements needed by this business are the quality of the products delivered, more attractive product packaging, promotions that continue to be intensified, fiber product innovations that must be continuously explored.