Volume 10, Issue 11, November 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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The Role of Bronte’s Jane Eyre in Reforming Women’s Oppression []


Abstract This paper is an attempt to shed light on the role of Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre in reforming women’s oppression during Victorian Era. The paper investigates the main themes, which related to oppression, most characters reflect the social relationships of the Victorian society. Through her Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte struggles continually to achieve equality and to overcome oppression. She had known that is important to fight against patriarchal domination, against those who believe women to be inferior to men, and many characters in her novel symbolized real figures during the Victorian era. Perhaps, her novel conveys moral lessons toward Victorian Society, and reforms the abuse of women. A woman is seen in man‘s perspective, producing stereotypes in society. One of stereotypes labeled on Jane is that she was considered as a dependent woman. It is shown by her dependence to others for support. Besides being stereotyped as dependent, Jane also becomes an object of men. This oppression can be seen in the way three men treat Jane. Then, the female character‘s responses to the oppression which happened during Victorian era by being an independent woman, breaking the social value that women are only placed in domestic life, refusing to be an object of men, and struggling to survive by showing her resistance. These issues are relevant to all times worldwide, including our present modern time. In addition, Bronte represents early form of feminism during Victorian era; she was one of the founders of feminism in the Victorian Age. She was the revolutionary icon of the age. Jane Eyre changed people's perceptions of women. Jane Eyre's story tells us about a man-dominated society, and urges society to change bad treatment of woman; they should struggle and strive for their decency and dignity. Bronte puts an extra emphasis on the expanding gap between the ideologies of the social classes present during Victorian era; Jane herself spoke out against class oppression certain moments in the book, all pursuit was for early reform. Key Terms: Social Classes, Autonomy, Patriarchy, stereotype.

In Defense of Vernacular Radio Stations in Kenya; a study of West FM and Radio Mambo in Bungoma County, Kenya []


Vernacular radio stations in Kenya have been viewed with suspicion. In 2000, former president Daniel Arap Moi proposed that they ban them. In 2008, they were blamed for contributing to the Post Election Violence that rocked the country. Kass FMs’ journalist Joshua Arap Sang was arraigned before the International Criminal Court at The Hague to face criminal charges against humanity. Given the power of media to mobilize people and target the enemy, the above statements look valid. But the trend in media growth in Kenya indicates that though full-fledged vernacular broadcasting is a recent phenomenon, it has become an established component of radio broadcasting. In fact, the status of radio industry in Kenya represents a rapid departure from a state-controlled monopoly that existed from 1928 until early 1990s. Taking case studies of West FM and Radio Mambo in Bungoma County, Kenya, this paper looks into the popularity of this third form of broadcasting among the audiences against the criticism that has been leveled against it. It also discusses the policy framework that can be used for the effective and efficient utilization of this form.

Smart System For Traffic Violation Detection []


Traffic accidents cause over a million deaths everyyear, of which a large fraction is attributed to Traffic Violations.An Automated traffic Violation and fine management systemwill useful in reducing the amount of accidents. In this workUsing a existing data sets purposed system will detect fourdifferent types of traffic violations. Traffic light violation , SoberDetection, Accident Severity and black spot status and somethingare the Covered Violations by the system. In this system will useCv2 RGB detection methods and CNN Trained models for theViolation Detection with existing data sets.Alongside we are on afine payment and management system which will automaticallyconnect with the above features and work as a centralized system

Influence of project risk management strategies on project performance: A case of essential oil extraction in Horizon Sopyrwa in Musanze district, Rwanda []


The study entitled “Effect the effectiveness of risk management techniques on project outcomes: Essential oil extraction project in Horizon SOPYRWA in Musanze district, Rwanda” was conducted for assessing how performance of essential oil extraction project was affected through risk management techniques. In her investigation, she combined primary and secondary sources. Documentary search was used to get secondary source data, and 138 employees of Horizon SOPYRWA, particularly those in the department responsible for essential oil extraction, provided primary source data. The researcher employed census sampling and purposeful sampling to choose each of these respondents, while questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation served as the primary data gathering instruments. The outcomes of SPSS version 28 were provided as descriptive statistics along with inferential statistics (Bivariate Correlation Analysis). According to the findings, each independent variable exhibited a favorable linear association with overall Project success. The effectiveness of EOE projects was impacted by risk acceptance and avoidance tat rates of 53.1% (r=0.531, sig=0.034) and 55% (r=0.550, sig=0.028), respectively, which explains why the link was strongest. Despite the reality both risk transferal and risk exploitation techniques contributed on the undertaking's efficiency at a rate of 26.8% (r= 0.268) each, they did not have a strong link with it. The model summary from multiple regression analysis reveals that risk avoidance, risk acceptance, risk mitigation, risk transferal, and risk exploitation are the five predictors that can explain 68% of change in project performance implementation. This implies that other factors not included in this research could account for the remaining 32% of the variation. It was suggested that Management keep holding frequent meetings and training sessions on project planning, project implementation, and project evaluation in order to guarantee the use of risk management strategies and the program's success. The management should assess and distribute the contingency funds set aside for risks by including anticipated risks in their endeavor plan and providing potential mitigation measures. Key words: Risk avoidance; Risk acceptance, risk mitigation, risk transferal, risk exploitation and project performance.

Ischemia Modified Albumin as a Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Patients on Dialysis. []


Biomarkers have been in place to detect early and treatable stages of kidney infections however, chronic stages may present with alternative biomolecules modifications that may marks the intensity and fatal threat of the kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of Ischemia Modified Albumin as a ‘new biomarker’ for CKD patients in dialysis, correlates it with the typical parameters of kidney functional test of creatinine, albumin, globulin, urea, total protein, random blood sugar (RBS) and independent variable of age and gender. In addition, the also study was aimed at establishing to what extent is the IMA level influenced by the above parameters. IMA was measured in 20 patients with CKD and on dialysis and 6 controls by Albumin Cobalt Binding test. Serum urea, RBS, globulin, total protein, creatinine and albumin was quantified by routine clinical methods. The results showed that IMA was higher in patients than in control with (0.2688±0.17385 ABSU) and (0.09033±0.40332 ABSU) respectively. Creatinine, urea and RBS were all elevated above its normal range, however experimental data revealed that creatinine, urea and RBS had insignificant (<0.5%) effect on the level of IMA with insignificant negative correlations. Globulin had significant positive corelations with IMA suggesting IMA is more sensitive to globulin (46.8%) while albumin and total protein had negative significant and negative insignificant correlation to IMA respectively. Key Words: Ischaemia Modified Albumin, Albumin Cobalt Binding Test, Kidney Functional Test, Chronic Kidney Disease

EFFECT OF FINANCING DECISIONS ON THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF PARTNERS IN HEALTH []


This research investigated the effect of financing decisions on the operational performance of NGOs in Rwanda, taking a case of Partners in Heath, Rwanda. Three objectives of the study were: to investigate the effect of fundraising decisions, resource mobilization, and resources allocation on the operational performance of Partners in Health, Rwanda. The null hypotheses of the research were: H01-H03: there is no significant effect of fundraising decisions, resource mobilization, and resources allocation on operational performance of Partners in Health, Rwanda. Both descriptive and correlational research designs were used. Primary data collected from a sample of 134 drawn from a target population of 201 employees working at Partners in Heath, Rwanda. In addition, stratified random sampling was used to select the sample elements from the target population. The data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide, and processed and analysed using SPSS version 23. The findings on first objective showed that 77.6% of the respondents agreed that decision making in Partners in Health is all-inclusive, 96.3% of the respondents agreed that grant writing is an important exercise necessary for raising funds for any NGO. 78.4% of the participants engaged in this study agreed that fundraising activities at PIH help the organization increase its network with other partners and donors. The findings on the second objective showed that 98.8% of respondents agreed that resource mobilization is essential aspect for any financing decisions within an NGO, 97.3% of the respondents agreed that efficient resource allocation is an important decision, 96.3% of respondents agreed that financial control is essential for the organization to avoid embezzlement and misuse of funds. The findings on third objectives shows that budgeting is the most important tool with 98.5% of respondents who agree,91% agree that record keeping is an important accounting and finance practice.95.5% agree that Income diversification should be part of financing decision for an NGO, and 97.7% agree that financing decisions are important in improving the smooth running of a NGO. The regression results indicated that fundraising decision was positive but not significant (β1=0.245; p>0.05). The null hypothesis was therefore accepted. β2=0.279; p<0.05 and β 3=0.305; p<0.05 therefore the null hypotheses 2 and 3 were rejected and the study concludes that resources mobilization and fund allocation have positive and statistically significant affect operational performance of Partners in health. ANOVA results (F=163.133, p=0.000) showed that the model is fit to predict study variables since F (163.133)> F critical (2.674). The R2=0.792 implied that 79.2% of the changes in operational performance of Partners in health come from fundraising decision, resources mobilization and fund allocation. The research concludes that on the first hypothesis, fundraising decisions is not statistically significant to operational performance of Partners in Health, Rwanda, on the second hypothesis, the study concludes that resource mobilization has a positive and statistically significant relationship with operational performance of Partners in Health, Rwanda. This implies that up to 0.279 units increase in operational performance of Partners in Health Rwanda, for each unity increase in resource mobilization. On the third hypothesis, the study concludes that fund allocation has a positive and statistically significant relationship with operational performance of Partners in Health, Rwanda. This implies that up to 0.305units increase in operational performance of Partners in Health Rwanda, for each unity increase in fund allocation holding all other independent variables constants. The researcher suggest that a research should be conducted to investigate others strategic decisions used by non-governmental organization to influence the operational performance. In addition, further studies should explore other variables not covered in this study.

FACTORS INFLUENCING WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR IN KENYA []


The study aimed at determining the influences of workplace performance in pharmaceutical sectors in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to determine the influence of Training, work environment, leadership and remuneration. The study used Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Human Capital Theory, Herzberg Two Factor Theory to provide a theoretical framework related to the study This study adopted qualitative and quantitative analysis. The target population was 220 employees from Nila Pharmaceutical head office based in Baba dogo premier industry. The data was collected and analyzed by the use of SPSS.The data were subjected to validation and verification checks. Accuracy, completeness and clarity were checked and a sequence of steps were applied to convert the raw data into systematic. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis. The correlation results indicated a positive and significant association between Remuneration, leadership, training & development, work environment and workplace performance. Therefore variables are significant predictors of workplace performance. Data collected was analyzed manually and presented in tables and percentages largely describing the correlation between a variable and the influence of workplace performance. On whether training and development influences workplace performance, the findings reveal that 65% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 35% of the respondents stated otherwise. On wheather leadership influences workplace performance, majority of the respondents at 65% agreed with statement while 35% disagreed. On wheather working environment influences workplace performance, the findings revealed that 70% of the respondents agreed that working environment influenced workplace performance in pharmaceutical sector while 30% were of different opinion. On wheather remuneration influences workplace performance 75% of the respondents agreed that remuneration influenced workplace performance in the pharmaceutical sector while 25% of the respondents expressed a different opinion on remuneration influencing workplace performance in the pharmaceutical sector. The findings are useful to the management of pharmaceutical sector in kenya in the formulation of strategies for improving workplace performance. The results of this study may serve as a basis for Nila pharmaceutical management to assess their management strengths and weaknesses and would use the findings to become more effective in Pharmaceutical industry. It was concluded that Nila Pharmaceuticals ltd employs training and development programmes to sharpen employee skills and effectiveness. On working environment it has been concluded that working environment lowered employee concentration level and performance in general at Nila Pharmaceutical ltd. The study also conclude that rewarding employees through remuneration programmes influenced their attitude towards performance. The study recommends that Pharmaceutical companies in Kenya should take into account the various factors and the best practices to improve workplace performance Keyword: Remuneration, workplace performance, work environment, training & development, pharmaceutical sector.

THE INFLUENCE OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE A CASE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION (DIRCO) IN SOUTH AFRICA []


This study entitled the influence of employee recruitment and selection on organizational performance in the Department of International Relations and Corporation (DIRCO) of the Republic of South Africa. The study objective was to assess the influence of employee recruitment and selection on organizational performance. The research question that needed to be answered was to what extend does recruitment and selection influence organizational performance. A sample size of 321 was selected from a population of 1992 employees using the sample size formula for finite population table. The researcher used Probability sampling. This technique was used in the study since one can use statistical techniques like confidence intervals and margins of error to validate one’s results. Both interview and questionnaire were used to collect the data from Employees of the Human Resource Department, Senior Management, Labour Unions and other Employees. Both the qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used for this research. The research revealed that recruitment and selection influence organizational performance as majority strongly agree and agree with also a high mean that employee recruitment and selection has an influence on organizational performance, enables the organization to perform better, brings new and critical skills to the organization, motivates current employees to perform better and thereby enhancing organizational performance. It is recommended that DIRCO conducts university visits; use e-recruitment and placement agencies as part of their recruiting and selection processes.

Credit Management and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Rwanda: A Case of Vision Fund Rwanda []


This study was about credit management and financial performance of microfinance institutions in Rwanda using a case study of Vision Fund Rwanda (VFR) Limited. The study assessed a right resolve on what measures to take when imbalance exists in which there is relatively good credit management vis-à-vis bad financial performance within a microfinance institution over time. To attain its resolve, the study aimed at investigating factors that influence credit management of Vision Fund Rwanda; assessing the impact of credit management challenges on finance performance of Vision Fund Rwanda; and establishing key pointers to increased financial performance of Vision Fund Rwanda. The research used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It considered a population of 2,800 from which the sample was purposively selected. The researcher, therefore, used judgment to select key persons involved in VFR. The sample selection comprised: Staff who had more than one year of work experience with the microfinance institution; clients of VFR; observers; civil leaders; and policy makers. A sample size of 16 staff, 20 clients, 20 observers, 4 civil leaders, and 4 policy makers, totaling 64 participants was selected. The selection was gender sensitive at least by 50% female and 50% male for a qualitative investigation using both questionnaire and structured interview. Factors that influence credit management include. The impact of credit management challenges on finance performance of VFR are based on two major factors, namely: clientele based factor and organization-based factor. With the organization factor, the challenges include: Firstly, high cost of doing business in reaching out to clients, following them up, and issuing fresh loans. Secondly, technological innovations, and thirdly, competition with other MFI’s. On the other hand, the clientele-based challenges include: lack of adequate business skills, the rural nature of business for most part, the tasking loan conditions, and poor business performance for many. Key pointers to increased financial performance of VFR include serve as a point of recommendation for the organization: Awareness campaigns among customers, especially in respect to rigor and appropriate ways of doing business; increased staff orientations and trainings to enhance better performance; engaging with increased rigor in respect to planning; deployment of appropriate management tools; the use of technological innovations. Concerning staff performance, at least two things were revealed in this study: The level of training in this organization on such basic things as key performance indicators is in question, There was need for performance monitoring tools; although, according to the author’s finding, VFR has PMT but exploiting its use is the issue. The researcher recommends, among other things, that VFR should open up its marketing more on mobile banking solution. This study was significant to microfinance institutions as the study would add to existing research findings for future reference on microfinance Institutions, enabling managers to work smarter and placing their institutions at more favorable competitiveness in a progressively dynamic business world. It was further critical to potential clients of microfinance institutions, as this study would contribute to the general area of knowledge pertaining to microfinance institutions. It was vital to government leaders and policy makers in their monitoring and evaluating of microfinance businesses, which are not perfect, after all; they make mistakes often-gross mistakes. Keyword: Credit, Management, Financial, Performance, Microfinance, Rwanda

EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF NYAGATARE DISTRICT HOSPITAL, RWANDA []


The general objective of the study was to find out the effect of procurement practices on organizational performance of Nyagatare District Hospital. The specific objectives were to assess the effect of procurement planning on organizational performance in Nyagatare District Hospital; To examine the effect of supplier selection procedures on organizational performance in Nyagatare District Hospital; To find out the effect of contract management on organizational performance in Nyagatare District Hospital and to assess the effect of monitoring and evaluation on organizational performance in Nyagatare District Hospital. The study population for this study was 206 Staff members including Director General, Procurement officer, Planning &Monitoring and Evaluation of hospital, Administrative assistant ,Public relation & communication, Public relation & communication, Internal Auditor, QI Officer, Director of Administration & Finance, and medical staff at the Nyagatare District Hospital. The sample size calculated using the table of Morgan. Data collection did using the following methods: Questionnaire, Interview guide and Observation methods. This research used a descriptive and correlational study design. Data analyzed using computer software known as Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20. The research used descriptive, inferential statistics methods to analyze data. The findings demonstrate a linear relationship of independent variables (Monitoring and evaluation, Procurement planning, Supplier Selection Procedures and Contract management) on organizational performance of Nyagatare District Hospital employed in this research. A Correlation (R) value of 0.886 and The R-square shows a significant association between variables with of 0.786 indicating that the model explains for 78.6% of total observations. It explained that every unit increase in Procurement planning increased performance of Nyagatare District Hospital by a factor of 1.526. Every unit increase in Selection Procedures increased performance of Nyagatare District Hospital by a factor of 0.084. Every unit increase in Contract management increased performance of Nyagatare District Hospital by a factor of 0.774. Every unit increase in Monitoring and evaluation increased performance of Nyagatare District Hospital by a factor of 1.699. It is recommended that the procuring entity and the public institution sellers should work together to develop tight partnerships for common benefit. To work together on creating a system that combines their transactions, the Procuring organization and the supplier will have access to each other's information, experience, and technology.

ASSESSMENT OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY OF DIGITAL HEALTH PROJECT, AT BABYL PROJECT, KIGALI, RWANDA []


The study entitled” Assessment of monitoring and evaluation to the sustainability of digital health project, at Babyl project, Kigali, Rwanda” the study was guided by three specific objectives: to determine the influence of M&E planning process to sustainability of Babyl project, to assess the influence of human resource capacity in Monitoring and Evaluation to sustainability of Babyl project, to determine the influence of partnerships in the M&E Systems on to sustainability of Babyl project and to examine the influence of communication in monitoring and Evaluation to sustainability of Babyl project. The study used quantitative research design. The study covers 516 stakeholders among 1548 stakeholders of Babyl project in Rwanda as sample size and was selected by using stratified sampling technique. The study used descriptive research design where questionnaire was used as to collect data techniques and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was used to analysis data. For the first specific objective, the findings revealed that &E plan process has significance positive influence on sustainability of Babyl project as indicated by β1= 0.134, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=4.295. This implies that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in M&E plan process would lead to 0.134 increase in the sustainability of Babyl project. For the second specific objective, the findings revealed that human resource capacity in M&E has significance positive influence on sustainability of Babyl project as indicated by β2= 0.228, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=8.710. This implies that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in human resource capacity in M&E would lead to 0.228 increase in the sustainability of Babyl project. For the third specific objective, the findings revealed that partnerships in the M&E system have significance positive influence on sustainability of Babyl project as indicated by β3= 0.081, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=4.131. This implies that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in partnerships in the M&E system would lead to 0.081 increase in the sustainability of Babyl project. For the fourth specific objective, the findings revealed that communication in M& E has significance positive influence on sustainability of Babyl project as indicated by β4= 0.360, p-value=0.000<0.05, t=14.921. This implies that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in communication in M& E would lead to 0.360 increase in the sustainability of Babyl project. Clearly, M&E communication advocacy positively influences the sustainability of women based agricultural projects. The study concluded that the variation of 62.8% in sustainability of BABYL project was due to changes in monitoring and evaluation such as communication in M& E, partnerships in the M&E system, human resource capacity in M&E and as well as M&E plan process at 95% of confidence interval. The study recommends that Babyl project should come up with policies that support adequate training of the field staff involved in monitoring and evaluation through offer of adequate training for the requisite skills and also finally the management board of Babyl project should enhance monitoring and evaluation feedbacks, enhance capacity and response, engage stakeholders to achieve improvement in monitoring and evaluation and improve success in projects funded by faith-based organizations.

EFFECT OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION ON THE SUCCESS OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN RWANDA: CASE OF PLANTWISE PROJECT, RAB. []


The objective of the study was to analyze the Effect of Monitoring and Evaluation on the Success of PLANTWISE project in Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources development Board (RAB), Rwanda County. The researcher was guided by the following specific objectives; to analyze the effect of Staff technical Skills on monitoring and Evaluation on PLANTWISE Project Success in RAB, assess the effect of Tools and techniques used in monitoring and evaluation on the success of PLANTWISE project in RAB, analyze the effect of stakeholders involvement and participation on the Success of PLANTWISE project in RAB and analyze the effect of Technology use on the success of PLANTWISE Project in RAB. The researcher adopted a descriptive and correlation research design. It used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population of this CABI founded Agriculture Development project is equal to 128 people working in Plantwise Project. A sample selected was comprised of 56 persons who were identified using Sloven sampling formula. In addition, 26 people that Project beneficiaries working with PLANTWISE Project was formed a part of the sample size in all as well as 15 Person from the Project Stakeholder have been selected as respondent, a purposefully sampling method was used to get intended respondents. Printed questionnaires and interviews were given out to a sampled number of study respondents. The tool of analysis that the researcher used is the SPSS which was helped to summarize the primary data into quantitative data and the researcher was given the proper interpretation of the results basing on research objectives and questions. The results indicated p<0.05 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.7.669. This indicates that Staff technical Skills in monitoring and evaluation has significant relationship with project success of PLANTWISE project in RAB. Correlation results indicate a probability value of 0.000 that is less than significant level (0.05) and a Pearson coefficient of 0.686 indicating that Monitoring and Evaluation Tools and Techniques has significant relationship with success of PLANTWISE project in RAB. The results indicated p<0.05 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.663. This indicates that stakeholders’ involvement and participation has significant relationship with the Success of PLANTWISE project in RAB. The results indicated p=0.000<0.05 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.658. This indicates that Technology use in monitoring and evaluation has significant relationship with the Success of PLANTWISE project in RAB. The results indicate model summary on Technology use, Staff technical Skills, stakeholders involvement and participation, Tools and techniques in M&E and project success. The value of R was 0.796, the R Square was 0.633, and the adjusted R Square of 0.604 means that Success of PLANTWISE project in RAB at 63.3%. It is imperative that RAB starts or involves income generating activities for reducing the dependence on the donor’s fund. There is need for RAB (project activities implementer) to collocate more resources on M&E activities, so that the progress on implementation can be timely monitored and the impact measured upon completion of project activities.

EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES’ PRODUCTIVITY IN ENERGY SECTOR IN RWANDA. A CASE STUDY OF ENGIE ENERGY ACCESS RWANDA []


Occupational health entails the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical and mental health and social well-being of workers in all occupations. This study intended to assess the influence of health and safety practices on employee performance. Specifically, attempted to examine the effect of health and safety training on employee performance at ENGIE energy access, to assess the effect of health and safety working conditions on employee performance at ENGIE energy access, to examine the effect of safety risk management on employee performance at ENGIE energy access and to determine the effect of organizational Hazard Prevention on employee performance at ENGIE energy access. This study only used quantitative approach in order to accomplish the study purpose, in which descriptive study design was adopted. This study was conducted at ENGIE energy company which is termed as the study area while the employees of the company were termed as the study population. Simple random sampling method was used for sample selection, whereby a total number of 82 samples successfully responded to questionnaires which was data collected technique adopted in this study. Quantitative data obtained through questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and ANOVA. The findings indicated that the study’ independent variables including health and safety training, working condition and safety procedures and risk management had positive and significant influence of employee performance. With these findings, the study concludes that health and safety measures are important to be applied due to its enormous contribution to performance of employees. It is recommended that emphasis should be given in conduction of regular training on occupational health and safety practices, safe working conditions should be improved and maintained and disciplinary actions should be taken for safety rules breakers among employees and even deficiencies or mistakes revealed during internal audits should be monitored

EFFECT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF NPD COTRACO LTD IN KIGALI, RWANDA []


The project manager’s responsibilities are to plan and control company resources efficiently and to complete the project on schedule, within the budgeted costs and specified quality towards making the project a success. However, many reports have shown the opposite results. Studies on this issue are pointing towards the poor understanding of good practice as a basic problem for the failures in project management. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of project management practices on performance of road construction project in Rwanda with reference to NPD COTRACO Ltd based within Kigali. The research design adopted for this study was descriptive and correlational research designs and quantitative data were gathered using a questionnaire while qualitative information was gathered using interview. The first-hand information was gathered from 200 respondents and was presented in form of tables using frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviations. Informants were selected using purposive and survey/census method. The results on the first objective showed that project planning practices positively impact on the performance of road construction on correlation coefficient of 0.816** and tailed p-value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05

INFLUENCE OF PROJECT PLANNING ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT []


The study entitled” Influence of project planning on implementation of construction project in Rwanda, a case of Upgrading Amahoro National Stadium Project (UANS project)” The general objective is to investigate the influence of project planning on implementation of construction project in Rwanda mainly UANS project. The study is guided by four specific objectives: To assess the influence of stakeholder mapping and analysis on implementation of UANS project; to find out the influence of project budgeting plan on implementation of UANS project; to determine the influence of project scheduling plan on implementation of UANS project and to examine the influence of Project risk plan on implementation of UANS project. The population of this study was 148 employees of UANS project while the sample size was 108 employees of UANS project. The study used descriptive research design where questionnaire, interview and documentary review were used as to collect data techniques and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to analysis data. The findings revealed that all component of project planning practices such as stakeholder mapping and analysis; project budget planning; project scheduling and Project risk planning have significance positive effect on implementation of UANS project as indicated by β1= 0.369, p-value=0.000<0.05); β2= 0.201, p-value=0.008<0.05); (β3=0.187, p-value=0.015<0.05) and (β4 = 0.30, p-value = 0.000 <0.05) which implies that an increase of one unit in stakeholder mapping and analysis; project budget planning; project scheduling and Project risk planning would lead to an increase of 0.369; 0.201; 0.187 and 0.308 units in implementation of UANS project respectively. Based on the findings the study made the following conclusion. The findings concluded that combination of stakeholder mapping and analysis, project scheduling; project budget planning and project risk planning jointly accounted for 60.84% of the implementation of UANS project as represented by the R2 at 95% of confidence interval. The study recommended that project managers should be aware that participation of community in project planning teaches communities how to resolve conflict and allows for different perspectives to be heard. The study recommends that since project budget is very important and influences all areas in both planning and execution of a project. Key words: Project planning; implementation of construction project; Upgrading Amahoro National Stadium Project, Rwanda