Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2020 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Review on the Blackleg Disease in Domestic Animals []


SUMMARY Blackleg is an acute disease of cattle and sheep caused by the spore forming, rod shaped, gas producing bacteria Clostridium chauvoei (feseri). It is characterized by emphysematous swelling (production of gas in the animal’s tissues), usually in the heavy groups of the rump and loin. Blackleg occur worldwide at rates that differ between and within geographic areas, which suggests a soil reservoir or climatic or seasonal factors yet to be defined. Typical blackleg of cattle has a seasonal incidence, with most cases occurring in the warm months of the year. In cattle the disease usually occurs without a history of trauma but in sheep is almost always a wound infection. The disease is controlled by minimizing hard and dry feed feeding as it causes injury through which the spore gets entry to the body. Mineral feeding not to lick the soil. Burn the carcass or bury it deeply with lime. Blackleg vaccine used to stimulate active immunity against. Generally, blackleg is almost entirely preventable by vaccination. Key -Words: Black leg, Clostridium chauvoei, Control, Prevention

THE MEANING OF APPRAISAL PROPERTY REPORT []


This study aims to determine how the value of a property object is interpreted in the property valuation report. Along with the reaction that was raised against the report. This research was conducted in one of the public appraisal services offices, namely KJPP Rengganis, Hamid and Partners. The research method used is a qualitative method using data collection techniques through observation and interviews and then analyzed using structural semiotics and denotative-connotative semiotics. The results showed that the assessment report had been prepared in accordance with the Indonesian Appraisal Standard (SPI) rules for the purpose of auction. KJPP RHR has modified it by adding an executive summary to make it easier for users to interpret the assessment report and minimize misinterpretation. As for its relationship with Accounting Standards, no association or reference is found because Accounting Standards do not discuss accounting activities related to auctions. Presentation of the appraisal report contains images, icons, and symbols used to strengthen narrative text as an appraisal attempt to understand the user. The structural semiotic analysis of the valuation report found that the components of the valuation report had been arranged logically and coherently but not all assessment processes were presented in the report because each KJPP had a "behind the scenes" procedure that was unique and closed to people outside KJPP but still in accordance with the assessment standards. Appraisal in interpreting the results of the assessment as an elaboration between knowledge, intuition, and standards set and then manifested into a value as a sign of an object. In addition, it is always required to prioritize integrity, in order to avoid potential fraud. Meanwhile, for users or clients of PT. XYZ, the result of valuation denotation (first level meaning) is the price of the property object being auctioned while the second level meaning (connotation) refers to expectations to avoid losses, as determined by internal appraisers. Thus, the debtor as a client of PT. XYZ has limited information to explore the meaning of the value generated. The only meaning that is obtained is denotation that the price resulting from the valuation process is a sign that represents the property that is pledged and becomes a liability to the creditor. Keywords : Property, Appraisal Report, Semiotics

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL SCALE TAMBA (Eluesine coracana) PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN KADUNA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA. []


The traditional African cereal grains, Finger millet (Eluesine coracana), locally known as Tamba, has not received much research study within the last decade. The tamba cereal has the potentials to contribute significantly to whole grain diets, wellness, economic status improvement, and play important role in food security in Nigeria. Thus this work investigated the resource use efficiency in Tamba production among small scale farmers in Southern Kaduna of Kaduna State. Primary data were collected from 250 small scale Tamba producers with the aid of structured questionnaire drawn from five villages based on their production strength using the simple random sampling technique. The analytical tools employed were descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis technique, correlation analysis and production function analysis. The result of the correlation analysis revealed that educational status, farm size and farming experience had strong positive correlation with Tamba grain output while the result of the Cobb Douglas production function revealed that the coefficients of the production inputs x_(1,) x_2---x_5, were positively significant at 1% level. These also explained that any additional unit of these variable imputes will lead to an additional unit of output of Tamba by 69%. The findings of the study showed that the total cost of production observed was N39, 433.08 per hectare with labor accounting for the highest cost item. The gross margin obtained was N40,319.40 per hectare. The showed that Tamba production in the study area is profitable. The study recommended expansion in farm size of Tamba (finger millet) production, in addition to reduction of cost of seeds, labor and chemical fertilizers. Key words: Cereal, Wholegrain, Tamba, Finger millet, Gross Margin, Southern Kaduna.

INFLUENCE OF ORIENTATION ON ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT OF FIRST YEARS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA []


Orientation programme facilitates the integration of new students into the university environment. This study sought to establish the influence of orientation programme on academic adjustment of first-year students in public universities in Kenya. The study used mixed methods research approach. Data were collected using survey design. Two-stage cluster sampling; simple random sampling, and purposeful sampling techniques were employed to obtain 480 respondents from the target population of 69,115. Data was collected using three research instruments, including a questionnaire, focused group discussions, and in-depth interview schedule. The two experts from Kisii University validated the tools while the test-re-test method ascertained reliability. Study findings offer evidence that advocates that the duration of the orientation programme; activities influenced the level of adjustment realized by first-year students. The study established that students had a higher academic adjustment in old universities than in new universities. Findings will enlighten university administrators, student affairs and other relevant offices design and implement appropriate policies and programmes with a variety of support packages to address the needs of first year students. The study recommends that when developing orientation programmes, universities need to identify unique features of first year students' adjustment and create programmes that first-year the needs of the increasingly diverse student population. Universities may consider adopting extended orientation program first-year granting orientation materials into the curriculum during the first semester.

Secondary hypokalemia of Acute Renal Tubular Acidosis : case report []


Acute Renal Tubular Acidosis is a rare cause of severe hypokalemia. The research for this etiology and the initiation of its treatment is very important because it is a vital diagnosis and therapeutic emergency.

STRATEGY OF DEVELOPING A SHREDDED FISH BUSINESS (CASE STUDY AT SABUA RESTAURANT, BEKASI DISTRICT) []


The strategy of developing a shredded fish business is carried out to determine the internal and external factors of the company and formulate the right alternative strategy for Sabua Restaurant. This research was conducted at Sabua Restaurant, Bekasi District. The implementation strats from July 2019 to July 2020. The method used in this research is the case study method at Sabua Restaurant by collecting primary data and secondary data. The sampling method used was purposive sampling and data processing through descriptive analysis using SWOT analysis. The results of the research show that the best strategy for developing a shredded fish business at Sabua Restaurants is by implementing a WT strategy or a defensive strategy with coordinates -0,12; -0,18, which is try to minimize the existing weaknesses and avoid threats.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING OPTIMIZATION OF HOTEL TAX REVENUE AND RESTAURANT IN NORTH TORAJA DISTRICT []


This study aims to test and analyze the analysis of the factors that influence the optimization of hotel and restaurant tax revenue in North Toraja Regency. The implementation of this research is located in North Toraja Regency. This research is a correlational study regarding the factors that influence the optimization of hotel and restaurant tax revenue in North Toraja Regency. The data used in this study is a cross section with an observation period in 2020. The population in this study are employees of the Regional Revenue Agency and hotel and restaurant taxpayers in Tana Toraja Regency. The samples used in this study were 45 people consisting of 30 employees of the Regional Revenue Agency and 15 taxpayers for hotels and restaurants in Tana Toraja Regency. The data used in this study are primary data. Primary data is data obtained through filling out a questionnaire. This study uses the Multiple Linear Regression or Ordinar Least Square (OLS) model. The results of this study indicate the variables of hotel and restaurant data collection, the supervision of tax officers, as well as supporting and operational facilities simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the optimization of hotel and restaurant tax revenues in North Toraja Regency.

SEROPREVALENCE OF DENGUE VIRUS AND MALARIA PARASITE CO-INFECTION IN OKENGWE, KOGI STATE []


Dengue fever and malaria are febrile illnesses and common arthropod-borne diseases in humans. They represent major public health problems. This study reports the seroprevalence of Dengue virus and Malaria parasite co-infection among febrile patients attending General hospital Okengwe, Kogi state. Blood specimens were collected from 50 subjects with febrile complaints in the hospital who gave their consent to participate in the research. Serological determination of dengue virus antibody was carried out using Dengue Virus Biopanda kit obtained from Biopanda Reagents Ltd., Unit 14 Carrowreagh Business Park, Carrowreagh Road, Belfast, UK. Malaria status was determined using the Biopanda Histidine RDT kit for malaria. Structured questionnaires were also administered to obtain data on risk factors and sociodemographic factors. The presence of Dengue virus and Malaria parasite in the study population was determined with a moderate prevalence of 42% and a high prevalence of 56% for Dengue virus and Malaria parasite infections respectively. A total of 21(75%) of the malaria positive cases were also infected with dengue virus. Demographic factors like gender and occupation as well as risk factors like use of mosquito nets and insecticides were observed to be significantly associated with the occurrence of Dengue virus and Malaria parasite co-infection. Therefore, as the clinical symptoms associated with dengue virus Infection are indistinguishable from many other febrile illnesses such as malaria, specific diagnostic tests assume critical importance in the identification of dengue virus infection. The use of mosquito nets and insecticides in the prevention of Dengue virus infection should also be enhanced. Keywords: Dengue virus, malaria parasite, dengue virus biopanda kit

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL FACTORS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE GOVERNMENT OF TANA TORAJA DISTRICT []


This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of technology acceptance and social factors on the performance of the Tana Toraja district government employees. This research is a type of exploratory research and correlational research. This study aims to explore and observe the influence of technology acceptance and social factors on the performance of the Tana Toraja district government employees. This research was conducted in Local government work unit within the scope of the Tanah Toraja Regency government which was carried out for 2 (two) months effective from February 2020. The population in this study were all employees who used the SIPKD application which were spread across all Local government work unit in the Tana Toraja Regency Regional Government which consisted of 74 user / operator. The sample selection method used was population sampling or census, so that the sample size was the same as the population, namely, 74 respondents. Collecting data in this study using a questionnaire method. The data were obtained using a closed questionnaire which was delivered directly to the employees of SIPKD users. The type of data in this study was primary data. The dependent variable in this research is employee performance and the independent variable is the modernization of the use of information systems which includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, computer skills, and computer anxiety.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL BUDGET AND PERFORMANCE BASED ON NORTH TORAJA DISTRICT []


This study aims to examine and analyze the factors that influence the performance-based budgeting of regional revenues and expenditures in North Toraja Regency. This research is located in North Toraja Regency and will be conducted for 1 month. The population in this study were all regional work units in the North Toraja Regency Government. The technique used in this study was a survey. The survey is used if the population elements are relatively few and heterogeneous in nature, so that all 74 (seventy four) members of the supervisory apparatus of the North Toraja Regency Government will become respondents. The type of data in this research is quantitative data. Quantitative data is data that is measured in a numerical scale (numbers). Data analysis in this study was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the Stata 14 program. To measure the variables in this study, researchers used a Likert scale. This study uses 5 (five) independent variables, namely the commitment factor of all organizational components (X1), administrative improvement (X2), sufficient resources (X3), reward (X4), sanctions (X5) and 1 (one) dependent variable. namely the preparation of performance-based Local government budget (Y).

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND MENTAL HEALTH: PSYCHO-SOCIAL COUNSELLING INTERVENTIONS []


Abstract The Study examines Covid-19 pandemic and mental health: Psycho-social counselling interventions. The outbreak indeed has created concern and worry among the general population of many nations of the world. The world has beginning to adapt to new ways of doing things social distancing currently dominating our daily lives, staying indoor, There are several difficulties for people psychotherapists and practitioners have in adjusting to this development. Counselling intervention should be based on a thorough assessment of possible risk factors that may have contributed to the problem, the client’s prior state of health, the history of bereavement, the presence of a history of self-harm or suicidal behaviours in both the client and his/her family, the history of previous traumas, and the socio-economic context of the client. Under the present pandemic, it is important to recognise the likely profound impact of COVID-19 on economic, social, religion and political levels on the individual’s environment and the larger society. Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Mental Health, Psychosocial, Counselling, Interventions

Counselling Support for Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic []


Abstract Children and Adolescents are not left out in the struggles to survive in the existing emerging psychological crisis of Covid -19 pandemic. Children are likely to be experiencing worry, anxiety and fear, and this can include the types of fears that are very similar to those experienced by adults, such as fear of dying, fear of their relatives dying, or fear of what it means to receive medical treatment in an isolated facility. Since schools have closed as part of necessary measures, then children may no longer have that sense of structure and stimulation that is provided by that environment. Consequently, and now they have less opportunity to be with their friends and get that social support that is essential for developing good mental well-being. Being at home can place some children at increased risk of, or increased exposure to, child protection incidents or make them witnesses of interpersonal violence if their home is not a safe place. Counselling support must begin by encouraging active listening and an understanding attitude with the children and adolescents because of their differential responses to a difficult/unsettling situation in different ways either by clinging to caregivers, feeling anxious, withdrawing, feeling angry or agitated, having night¬mares, bedwetting, frequent mood-changes. When therefore the counsellor engages in active listening and understanding attitude the counselling support he gives next becomes effective. Keywords: Counselling Support, Children, Adolescents , COVID-19 Pandemic.

SOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS ON GENDER AMONG PENSIONERS IN EDO SOUTH SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF EDO STATE COUNSELLING IeMPLICATIONS []


: This study examined investigated sources of stress, coping strategies of stress on gender among pensioners’ in Edo South municipal council of Edo State. There is broad consensus that the number of pensioners suffering stress has increased and has lead to different challenges such as mental health problems, emotional problems, psychological problems due to inadequate planning for life after retirement among which are savings, securing relevant insurance policy. Four specific objectives and research questions were raised for the study. The design of the study is descriptive design, the population of the study consisted of 2, 800 pensioners (Civil Service Commission), Edo State. The sample size of the study comprised 480 pensioners obtained through simple random techniques; questionnaire was used for data collection on a four point likert scale and data was analyzes with ANOVA and Z-test. The findings of the study reveal large number the sources of stress among pensioners in Edo South municipal council of Edo State from financial insecurity with a mean and standard deviation of 2.87±0.91. Follow by Pensioners whose lack of retirement plans with a mean and standard deviation of 2.67±0.94.also that the male gender had a mean and standard deviation of 2.56±0.78 for in financial insecurity while the female gender had a mean and standard deviation of 2.98±0.89.. Counseling Implications of the Study is that there is urgent need to create awareness on the danger associated with stress, challenges and its consequences. The study recommended that the government and union should provide frequent check-up and counselling services for pensioners information that could improve their stress free life should be provided and the government and union should also encourage pensioners family members to expose pensioners to proper training sections as well as exercise and social norms. Also the government and union should encourage formation of group meeting like Christian fellowship, singing group, drama group and sporting activities, where the pensioners can interact in semi-controlled ways in order to improve their life styles outside their homes as way of preventing the loneliness/boredom and stress free lives.

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA []


To ensure of their survival in this dynamic environment characterised by constant change in customer taste and preference, organizations are focusing on their choice and implementation of strategies. This study therefore sought to establish the relationship between competitive strategies and organizational performance of commercial banks in Machakos County. The study specifically sought to determine the influence of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, market focus strategy and product innovation strategy on performance of commercial banks. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 175 management employees at the commercial banks in Machakos County. Yamane formula was used in selecting the study sample size. The study sample size was 122 respondents. The study used stratified sampling procedure to select the study sample size. Primary data collected using questionnaires were used in the study. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The study collected quantitative information which was analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages and presented in tables and figures. The study also established the strength and direction of relationship between variables computing correlation analysis. To determine the relationship between competitive strategies and organizational performance of commercial banks, the study computed multiple linear regression. The study found that cost leadership strategy positively and significantly influence organizational performance of commercial bank; differentiation strategy positively and significantly influence organizational performance of commercial banks; market focus strategy positively and significantly influence organizational performance of commercial banks; and product innovation strategy positively and significantly influence organizational performance of commercial banks. The study therefore recommends originations to embrace cost reduction strategies which include tight cost and overhead control, advertisement, research and development; this will enable the company to produce cheap products. Organizations should train its employees, embrace modern technology, provide innovative products and services and rebrand existing ones; this can help the organization achieve differentiation. It is also important to ensure that the selected segment is large enough and has the potential of growing but other competitors in the market are not interested in. Key Words: competitive strategies, cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, market focus strategy, product innovation strategy, organizational performance

AVAILABILITY OF E-RESOURCES FOR USE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA []


The Government of Kenya invested in e-resources considerably with a belief to support and transform learning outcomes. Despite the effort, English language registered dismal performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations in Kakamega County, Kenya. In the years 2012 – 2019 there was negative deviations: 0.007 – 0.01 in KCSE examinations respectively. The blame was on inadequate and inappropriate integration of e-resources in the curriculum. Specific objective of the study was to: Examine availability of e-resources for use in teaching and learning of English language in public secondary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study found out that e-resources were available but inadequate for frequent teaching and learning of English language. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Ministry of Education should provide adequate e-resources in public secondary schools.

Aqueous & Microwave Synthesis & Spectral Behaviour of Some Selected Photosensitizer Zero-Methine & Self-Assembly Mero Cyanine Dyes []


ABSTRACT Aqueous Synthesis (water mediated) of three components Reactions resulted in dipyrazolo [3,4-b: 4',3'-e]pyridin-4-yl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one and 5-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-di[H]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-9,10-di[H]pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,4,6,8(1H,3H,5 H,7H)-tetra-one (25, 26)A. Thermal piperidine catalysis of the later (25, 26)A afforded bis-pyrazolo[3,4-b:4',3'-e] pyridin-4(1H, 7H, 8H)-pyrido [2, 3-d:6, 5-d'] dipyrimidine self-assembly [ICT]functional mero cyanine dyes (25, 26)B pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridin-zero-5(4)-methine cyanine (28a, b) & related pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-(7H)-zero(mono)-5[4(1)]-4-[2(4)]methine cyanine dyes (29a-d) were synthesised via acetic anhydride microwave irradiation of heterocyclization process of N-Ethyl-4-(2-(5-imino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-di[H]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-keto-methylene-pyridin(quinolin)-1-ium (27a,b)flowingly interacted with 2-methyl-pyridin (quinolin)-2(4)-ium ethiodide salts under piperidine catalysis. Spiro [pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-4, 9'-xanthen]-N-ethyl-pyridin (quinolin)-zero (mono)-5(4)[15(4(1))] methine cyanine dyes were synthesised.to improve the specific characterization, photosensitization behaviour. The heterocyclic functional & related cyanine dyes were identified by elemental & spectral analyses. Special attention has been focus on absorption (emission) spectral, (media) chromic behaviour (acid-base properties). Keywords: Recent Methodology, Aqueous Synthesis & Microwave synthesis, Absorption (Emission) Spectral, Solvato (Media) Chromic Behaviour

Novel Alternative Heterocyclic Amino Acids Precursors in Phytopigment Like Synthesis and Spectral Characterization []


Our approaches to the synthesis of novel heterocyclic phytopigment like incorporating pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridazin-6-ium-7- carboxylate covering styryl (19a-c, d), tri-6[4(1)] methine phytopigments like (20a-c, d), pyrazolo[4,3-e] pyrimido[1,6-c] pyrimidin-4-ium-5-carboxylate-4-phytopigment (24a-e) & pyrazolo [4,3-e]pyrimido [1,6-c]pyrimidin-4-ium-5-carboxylate-4-[α-Substituted-benzylidene]Styryl-phyto- pigment (25a-f) were prepared based on 5-acetyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-(3,4-dimethyl)-1-phenyl-1,3a,4,5-tetra[H]pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-carbonyl-glycine (18a,b) and pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimido[1,6-c]pyrimidin-6-ium-chloride/iodide (23a-c). The new synthesized heterocyclic phytopigment like was identified by elemental & spectral analyses. The absorption spectra, solvato-(media)-chromic behaviour of some selected dyes were investigated in 95% Ethanol and pure organic (mixed) solvents, in aqueous universal buffer solutions. Key Words: Heterocyclic phytopigment like, synthesis, spectral, Solvato-(Media)-chromic Behaviour

ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL DYES HETEROCYCLIC METAL COMPLEXES AS TYPICAL PRECURSORS IN CYANINE DYES SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL BEHAVIOURS []


Abstract: Our synthetic approaches of unsymmetrical (symmetrical) (bis mono) N-bridgehead heterotricyclic methine cyanine dyes (5a-g, 8Aa-c) were started by the preparation of key reaction intermediate compounds 4-arylideno-3-methyl-1-phenyl pyrazol-5-one (imine) (2a-f) and/or 3,3`-dimethyl-1,1`-diphenyl-bis pyrazolo-5,5`- one-4,4`-formylidin (6) with urea under acidic conditions to give the corresponding 6-arylideno-4-[3-methyl-5-one (imine)-1-phenyl-pyrazol-4-yl] - pyrimidin-2-one (3Aa-f) and/or 3-methyl-1-phenyl-6-one-4[3-methyl-5-one-1-phenyl-pyrazol-4-yl]- pyrazolino- [4,5-d] pyrimidin (7) Further reaction of the later compounds with metal divalent chlorides in ethanol as a solvent afforded 5-arylideno 3-methyl -1-phenyl-pyrazolino- [4, 5-d] 1, 3-oxazine-2-metallo–[3,4-a] pyrimidin-7-one chloride metal chelate complexes (4a-e) and/or 3,4-dimethyl-1,6-diphenyl-9-one- bis pyrazolino- [4,5-d,4`,5`-d`]pyrimidino-[3,4-a]-1,3-oxazine-2-metallo chloride metal chelate complexes ( 8Ba-c). The later compound on ethanol extraction achieved the corresponding 3,4-dimethyl-1,6-diphenyl-9-one- bis pyrazolino-[4,5-d,4`,5`-d`]pyrimidino-[3,4-a]-1,3-oxazine-2-metallo chloride metal chelate complexes (9a-c). Reaction of equimolar ratios of both latter compounds (4a-e, 9a-c)) with N-methyl –and/or 2(4)-methyl Heterocyclic quaternary iodide salts under thermal/ piperidine conditions afforded the corresponding unsymmetrical 5-arylideno 3-methyl -1-phenyl-pyrazolin-7-one - [4, 5-d] 1, 3-oxazine-2-metallo–[3,4-a] pyrimidino zero- 4- [4(1)]-methine cyanine dyes (5a-g) and/or 3,4-dimethyl-1,6-diphenyl-9-one- bis pyrazolino-[4,5-d,4`,5`-d`] pyrimidino-[3,4-a]-1,3-oxazine-2-metallo–mono-9[2(4)]-methine cyanine dyes (10a-e). The new synthesized Heterotricyclic cyanine dye metal complexes were identified by elemental and spectral analyses. The UV-visible absorption spectra of some selected dyes were investigated in pure organic solvents, as well as in aqueous universal buffer solutions. The photometrical and metallochromic Behaviour of some selected cyanine dyes were studies.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF URENA LOBATA AND EMILIA COCCINEA METHANOLIC STEMS EXTRACTS. []


This study aimed to investigate possible antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of Urena lobata (Uls) and Emilia coccinea (Ecs) stem. Phytochemical analysis showed alkaloids, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated and Urena lobata stem extract has antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains while Emilia coccinea stem shows positive effect only on Staphylococcus aureus strain. MIC was 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml respectively for Ecs and Uls and MBC was 25 mg/ml for both extracts. Total phenolics contents with total flavonol and flavonoid; ferric reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdum assay, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), hydroxyl and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were also determined. IC50 analysis showed that Uls is the best ABTS and hydroxyl scavenging respectively with 20.12 mg/ml and 4.488 mg/ml upper than vitamin C (11.194 and 3.424 mg/ml). However Ecs showed the best DPPH radical scavenging (5.272 mg/ml) also upper than the one issue from Vit. C (4.697 mg/ml). ECs showed the highest total phenolics contents (151.33 ± 26.86 CAE/gram of dry extract), flavonoid (6.0 ± 0.8 QE/gram of dry extract) while ULs showed rather the highest flavonol content (49.33 ±5.77 CAE/ gram of dry extract). According to ferric reducing antioxidant power and phosphomolybdum assay, Ecs and Uls showed respectively the best activity with 0.20 ± 0.007 % and 0.22 ± 0.01 %, suggesting that these extract might contribute antioxidant activities of these plants. These findings mean that Urena lobata (Uls) showed antiradical and antibacterial activities. Keys words: antioxidant, antibacterial, extracts, Urena lobata, Emilia coccinea, stems.

Cyber Bullying Campaign Strategy Implementation at Pedro Brand Primary School, Dominican Republic. []


investigation proposes to enhance school community into a campaign of creating awareness on cyber bullying, this will serve for teenagers from 6th and 8th grade in "The Escuela Inicial Peter Dorse Brand." Kids have been bullying each other generations. Currently, Social Media sites have increased Reliance on the web; they are encounter to utilize this technology. In the Dominican Republic Education there are some changes, one of this change is the technology, and for this reason the society play an important role in this process, and the school have to implement the ITCs as response that the society needs, but many students don't know how to manage some tools that are requirement to apply technology in education, that is innovation in the XXI century. Cyber Bullying is one problem detected in many schools around Dominican Republic. A campaign to prevent and combat bullying is being proposed with the main objective of create awareness on students, teachers and parents about this problem. cyberbullying, prevention, campaign, Victimization

Retrofitting of existing conventional concrete column with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced polymer (CFRP) []


Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) wrapping in the existing structure column is one of the best method of retrofitting. The sharpness in the square column edges reduce the uniform distribution of confinement pressure and reduce the confined column performance. The square columns are modified to circular to avoid sharp edges in the columns. In this project the CFRP is used with PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) to check the axial and load-deformation behaviour of the columns. Ten columns with five different types are used in this project to fully utilize the efficiency of CFRP confinement. The different types of columns are Square RC (SRC) , Circularized RC (CRC) , Circularized PVC RC (CRC PVC) , Circularized CFRP RC (CRC FRP) , Circularized CFRP+PVC RC(CRC CFRP+PVC).The CFRP is wrap with 2 layers is applied to all the cross-sectional modified columns. The axial and loaddeformation behaviour of the different types of column is measured and compared with each other. The results indicate that with using CFRP the strength of the column can be suitably enhanced and they can replace the conventional concrete in retrofitting of the existing structure columns.

SUSTAINABILITY OF CONCRETE MADE FROM RECYCLED MATERIAL. []


Portland Cement which act as a binder in concrete structure so the Portland cement play a vital role in construction industry. Portland Cement is big source of emission of Co2 gas which can further effect at local environment where the Portland cement industry exist. Furthermore, the waste residue which are rich of SF and FA who’s the researcher can find the cementing properties which can help to reduce the overall emission of Co2 gas. These waste residues are further use in land filling, and a country like Pakistan which is agriculture Country and the land are very precious. So these waste residues are used in construction industry to recycling it. However, use of these waste residue in construction sector is very challenging. To avoid the challenges this paper efforts engineering properties of waste residue. “Green Concrete” which are the 2nd name of Reused coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete, the green concrete is used to minimize the hazard risk which are related to environment due to the disposal of waste residue. The properties of green concrete can be obtained from two different sample which has a different age group, to whom it’s compressive strength check with water cement ratio. In this article we can examine the influence of age on green concrete, such as capi11ary water absorption, drying shrinkage, air content, f1exura1 strength and tensi1e fai1ure of concrete. RCA. Whi1e compressive strength gradua11y decreases with the number of recyc1es, capi1lary water absorption increases sharp1y, 1eading to the conc1usion that further recyc1ing may not be advisab1e. T0 achieve sustainable c0ncrete, several researchers enc0urage the use 0f SF and FA t0 impr0ve the engineering pr0perties 0f the material. T0 this end, an extensive experimental pr0gram was c0nducted 0n the c0mpressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength pr0perties 0f SF and FA c0ncrete.

A Study of Pedal Power System for Energy Generation in Nnewi. []


Here, we studied how we can put the energy wasted in exercising and achieving body fitness at gym centres in Nnewi into good use. A bicycle was used to transform human energy into mechanical energy through the pedals to the chain sprocket system and to electrical energy by the alternator.The electrical energy was converted to chemical energy in the battery for future use. DC power generated by the battery was converted to AC power by 1kVA power inverter, and it became available for the output load.The bicycle was pedalled at a speed of 220 RPM, average energy of 5999J was spent at 30 minutes interval for about 6 trials in one gym centre. This energy, 5999J was multiplied by five gym centres in Nnewi. It was found that a total of 29995J of energy which would have wasted in the process of gyming was used in generating electricity. The pedal powered generator had overall peak efficiency of 88.79 % at a load of 100 W and the lowest efficiency of 13.29 % at a load of 1000 W. This simply means that the higher the load applied, the lower the efficiency. The energy produced could be used to power low voltage devices like charging of mobile phones, laptops etc. Keywords: Pedal Power, Ennergy Generation, Nnewi and Efficiency.

COVID-19: trigger of better health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa? []


COVID-19 pandemic affects all industries around the world including health. While all health systems are facing a major challenge, low and low- to middle-income countries, with their strained resources, have significant preexisting challenges with health services. The advent of the pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa prompts countries to take important measures and adopt better health policies, these new measures could be of great help in improving current health systems even after the pandemic.

THE EFFECT OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT ON STOCK RETURN WITH INVESTORS SOPHISTICATION AS A MODERATING VARIABLE STUDY ON MANUFACTURING COMPANY LISTED ON INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE []


This study aims to analyze the effect of earnings management (earnings management) on stock returns with investor sophistication as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2018. The sample in this study were 29 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data in this study were obtained using a purposive sampling method with several criteria that have been determined by the researcher. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics, normality test, classic assumption test, hypothesis testing using multiple regression and t test with a significant level of 5%. Earnings management uses a discretionary accrual approach calculated by the modified Jones model, return stock using the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) method is calculated using the Market Adjusted Model approach, while for investor intelligence it is proxied from the level of institutional ownership with a value of> 40%. The results of this study indicate that earnings management has a significant effect on stock returns, which indicates that the higher the earnings management performed by the company, the lower the stock returns will be obtained. In this study also found that earnings management before SEO has a negative effect on stock returns when considering the investor sophistication factor. In other words, investor sophistication moderates (strengthens) the effect of earnings management on stock returns. Keywords: Earnings Management, Stock Return, Investor Sophistication, Discretionary Accrual

FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ACCRUAL-BASED GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN THE GOVERNMENT OF TANA TORAJA DISTRICT []


This study aims to examine and analyze the factors that affect the quality of the financial statements of accrual-based government accounting standards in the Tana Toraja district government. This research is an exploratory and correlational research. An exploratory research was conducted to gain a deep understanding of the quality of the financial statements of accrual-based government accounting standards in the Tana Toraja Regency government. The research was conducted at the Tana Toraja Regency Government, South Sulawesi Province. The research location was chosen because based on the summary of the 2015 BPK LKPD examination, Tana Toraja Regency received an unfair opinion. In 2016-2018, Tana Toraja Regency received an unqualified opinion. The data collection time in this study was January 2020. The population in this study were employees or staff at 32 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPDs) in the Tana Toraja Regency Government, totaling 160 employees or staff. The type of data in this research is quantitative data. Quantitative data is data that is measured by a numeric or numeric scale. This study uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation method. The variables in this study are the Quality of Financial Statements, Human Resource Competence, Organizational Commitment, Utilization of Information Technology.

THE IMPACT OF NON-OIL EXPORT ON NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (1981 - 2014) []


The study investigates the impact of non-oil export on Nigeria’s economic development. The mono economy nature of Nigeria and the need to diversity the economy form part of the motivation for the study. The study used real gross domestic product as proxy for economic development and expressed it as a function of non-oil export volume, real exchange rate and inflation rate. The study applied ordinary least square estimating technique and the result show that non-oil export exhibits a significant positive relationship with real gross domestic product. This indicates that if non-oil export volume is increased, it is going to lead to a significant improvement in the Nigeria’s level of economic development. However, other variables (real exchange rate and inflation rate) do not have individual significant impact on economic development but jointly they can significantly influence economic development. The study made some recommendation for diversification of the export base, provision of infrastructures and improvement in the local output so as to cope with both the internal and external demands if the positive effects of the non-oil export on economic development is to be achieved. Keywords: Non-oil export, economic development, diversification, ordinary least square, Nigeria.

Assessment of Dietary Powdered Avocado Pear (Persea americana) leaves on Growth Performance and Survival of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) []


The growth performance and survival of Clarias gariepinus was assessed using five different diets. The diets were: Do (control) with 0% level of Persea americana powdered leaves and others with varying levels of the powdered leaves inclusion were D1 (3%), D2 (6%), D3 (9%) and D4 (12%). The summary of the eight weeks experiment showed that there were no significant difference in the length gain and condition factor of C. gariepinus fed the various experimented diets compared to the control. There were difference (P<0.05) in all other assessed growth parameters and survival. The weight gain, specific growth rate and the percentage weight gain, were higher (P<0.05) in the control compared to the treated diets, and the values reduced with increase in percentage leaves inclusion in their diets. The food conversion ratio was significantly lower in the control compared to the rest (D1 – D4) which increased as the percentage leaf inclusion increases. The survival rate was the same in fish (Do – D3) but lower (P<0.05) at 12% inclusion (D4). The growth performance of the fish in diets (D1 – D4) reduced slightly as the period of feeding increased. The results of this experiment indicated that the P. americana powdered leaves is a good dietary supplement to C. gariepinus at the used inclusion levels and the duration of the experiment, since the condition factor which is a measure of the health and growth of the fish is significantly the same across the experimented diets and the control.

Periodical Evaluation of the Haematology of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fed Dietary Powdered Avocado Pear (Persea americana) Leaves []


The study was conducted to evaluate the haamatology of C. gariepinus fed dietary powdered Persea americana at the end of four and eight weeks of feeding, and five different diets were evaluated. The control diet (Do) had 0% level of powdered Persea americana inclusion, D1 (3%), D2 (6%), D3 (9%) and D4 (12%). At the end of the fourth week, there were no significance difference (P>0.05) in the Packed cell volume (PCV); Haemoglobin (Hb); Red Blood Cells (RBC); Eosinophils (E); Monocytes (M); Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH); Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC); and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). The values of the White Blood Cells (WBC) and the Neutrophils (N) were significantly higher in the control compared to treated diets while values for the Lymphocytes (Lymph) and the Thrombocytes (TCT) fluctuated across the various diets, with D4 having the highest value in both. At the end of the eight week, the M, MCH, MCHC and MCV were similar across the diets, but there were elevations in MCH, MCHC and MCV, while M had a decline across the diets. The PCV, Hb and RBC had higher values (P<0.05) in the control diet compared to the treated diets, though they were not dose dependent. The WBC, N, Lymp and TCT had fluctuating values across the diets, with the values in some of the treated diets been higher (P<0.05) compared to the control. The results shows that P. americana diets have no adverse effect on the haamatology of C. gariepinus, but the prolong use caused a slight decline in oxygen production capacity of the C. gariepinus blood.