Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2020 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Predicting Soil Erosion from Field Losses in Calabar River Basin using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) []


The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model was adopted in predicting soil erosion from rainfall-induced sediment yield in an urbanizing river catchment. It entailed the use of contiguous experimental plots for five land use types: urban, farmland, grassland, bare and forest surfaces, generated by installing a 2 inch pipe in the midway of the lower boundary of each plot/land use type (5.4m2) to a metal sedimentation box (31 by 23cm); arranged in a convex slope series on a foothill of 20% gradient slope oriented at the strike of the slope. In each of the experimental plots/land use types; rainfall, morphological and hydraulic factors were determined. The fieldwork was conducted between October, 2014 and December, 2015 to cover the two seasons and all rainfall events. Equations of sediment loss for the individual stations were derived to develop a stochastic empirical model. Rainfall amount had the greatest relationship in the study. Forest surfaces and grass surfaces lose significantly less sediment than farmlands, bare and urban surfaces. The study recommends among others reforestation to ameliorate hazards associated with sediment loss. This would foster sustainable watershed management in the region.

HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FEMALE WISTER RATS OVARIES AFTER 30 DAYS ADMINISTRATION OF SUPER7 – A POLY-HERBAL ANTIMALARIAL DRUG FORMULATION []


Background: Ovary is one of the major parts of female reproductive system and it produces the ovum under the influence of gonadotropin hormones. Any factor that alters the anatomical structure and the physiological functions of the ovary will consequently affect female fertility. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of a polyherbal antimalarial drug - Super7 - on female Wister rats’ovarian histology. Methods: acute toxicity and lethality studies as well as the phytochemical analysis of Super7 were done. For the histology study, the rats were randomly allocated into four groups I - IV (n = 7). Groups I – III received 507.3 mg/kg body weight, 1,014.6 mg/kg body weight and 2,029.2 mg/kg body weight of Super7 respectively. Group IV rats served as the controls and received 5 ml/kg body weight of distilled water. Treatments were administered daily for 30 days after which two rats were selected from each group and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The ovaries were quickly isolated and preserved for histological analysis. Results: the LD50 was ˃ 5,000 mg/kg body weight and flavonoids were mostly abundant in Super7. Sections of ovarian tissue showed normal morphology; the antrum, granulosa cells, primordial follicles and oocytes were consistent with normal ovarian histology. Group II sample 2 showed hyperchromatic and mildly distorted follicular cellular architecture. Conclusion: generally, Super7 has no adverse effect on the ovary during the duration of 30 days of its administration; thus supporting an earlier study which reported that Super7 has pro-fertility effects.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL AUDITING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN ZIMBABWE []


The purpose of the research study was to establish the effects of internal auditing on the performance of banking institutions in Zimbabwe. The motivation for the study was driven by the continuous modernisation and changes in the banking sector that have reportedly, impacted on the operations and processes of the Zimbabwe’s financial sector. Risk in banking institutions have also increased due to the continuous changes in the financial operating environment and internal controls in place have since significantly changed so as to adapt to changes in the operating environment. More precisely, the security of depositors’ funds remains questionable as cases of banking funds’ theft continued to occur regardless of the existence of the internal audit function in banking institutions. The study used pragmatism as a research philosophy and stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample of 16 banks from a total population of 19, whose employees were used during the actual data gathering process. More importantly, the Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis performed showed that auditor independence, management support, internal controls and audit practices are critical and explicit factors that directly affect the performance of Zimbabwe’s banking institutions. The study recommended that the Zimbabwe’s banking sector, from time to time, should periodically review and assess the compatibility of internal controls to match new demands in the financial sector. In addition, management of the banking institutions operating in Zimbabwe should also commit itself in adequately availing financial resources to ensure that the internal audit function performs its tasks without too many obstacles. Further, the study recommended that top management of the sector, especially the CEOs, should not interfere or victimise internal audit officers in the course of performing their mandatory tasks and audit charters should be regularly reviewed and updated so that recent changes in the financial sector are incorporated to improve performance.

The Relationships between Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Practices and Performance Outcomes in Malaysia []


The main purpose of this research study to understand the relationships between Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices and performance outcomes However, there is a limited study conducted to investigate the relationship between GSCM and product quality improvement. In Malaysia, the level of participation in green initiatives is low and there is also less study conducted on GSCM. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between GSCM and product quality improvement. Quantitative approach was conducted in this research and questionnaire was the major instrument used for data collection. The population of this research was 425 of manufacturing firm with certification of ISO 14001 in Peninsular Malaysia. Simple random sampling was adopted in this study with the sample size of 208. All the three hypotheses was accepted in this study which proved that there was significant relationship between eco-design, green purchasing and reverse logistics with product quality improvement respectively. As overall, it is proved that there is moderate relationship between GSCM and product quality improvement with the accepted hypotheses and the moderate correlation coefficient value. Implementing GSCM practices does bring benefits in term of improving the product’s quality. Eco-design, green purchasing and reverse logistics are the commonly adopted GSCM practices in Peninsular Malaysia. These three practices work at best state if being incorporated as much as possible in the operation and production line. Key Words: Green, Chain, Management, Supply, Practices, Implementation, Performance, and Improvement

THE EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL DISRUPTION 4.0, THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LEGAL ENTITY STATE UNIVERSITY TO HIGHER EDUCATION PERFORMANCE []


The phenomenon of the industrial revolution 4.0 which is tight with competition on the global competition stage brings acceleration and reach that has an impact on technological transformation and industrial change, especially the Higher Education industry, Changes in Higher Education Paradigm, The Viral Book of Sudaryono 2017 "Mass suicide of higher education towards assembling education", rejection, criticism and distrust of theLegal Entity State UniversityTransformation, the phenomenon of Higher Education Bureaucratic Reform and Higher Education Sustainability is the background of this research. This study aims to measure the effect of industrial disruption in 4.0 efforts to achieve a world class university so that state universities must switch their status to Legal Entity State Universityon university performance. By using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspective approach as a performance measurement for both financial and non-financial performance and incorporating measurements of quality, quality culture, competitiveness, output relevance and academic competence, challenges and needs of higher education human resource management in achieving world class university, the international performance of the faculty and the performance of human resources. This research was conducted using primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed to one of the State Legal Entity State University in the East with a research population consisting of high-ranking officials, lecturers and staff. This research was also conducted by taking secondary data from several Legal Entity State Universitythroughout Indonesia which were shared via the internet. This research was conducted when the Covid 19 outbreak hit almost all countries in the world, therefore this study also uses primary data in the form of an online questionnaire to anticipate respondents who are exposed to “work from home”. Keywords: Industrial Disruption 4.0, World Class University, Transformation of Legal Entity Higher Education, Performance, Balanced Scorecard, Quality Culture, Competitiveness, Output Relevance and Academic Competence, Challenges and Needs of Human Resource Management, Faculty International Performance, Human Resource Performance.

DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTY OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS []


Diabetes mellitus, a common endocrine disorder of man, is considered one of the major health concerns all over the world. Biophytum sensitivum is used traditionally in the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. This study was aimed at investigating the antidiabetic property of Biophytum sensitivum aqueous extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Twenty (20) male albino rats weighing 180g – 200g were divided into five groups of four rats each: Group = A- normal control, B- diabetic control, C- diabetic treated with glibenclamide, D- diabetic treated with 200mg/kg of the extract, E- diabetic treated with 400mg/kg of the extract. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at (55mg/kg) in all groups except the normal control groups. The aqueous extract of B. Sensitivum was administered orally for 14 consecutive days. The blood glucose, albumin, total protein, lipid profile, electrolytes and serum enzymes concentrations were investigated after the administration of aqueous extract of B. Sensitivum. From the results, diabetic control group showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, serum liver marker enzymes, serum kidney marker enzymes, direct bilirubin, potassium ions (K+) while a significant (p<0.05) decrease in albumin, total protein, HDL, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, sodium ions (Na+), chloride ions (Cl-) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) when compared to the normal control group. Oral administration of aqueous extract of B. Sensitivum to diabetic rats resulted in a reversal of the above diabetic conditions. However the 400mg/kg was more effective than the 200mg/kg of the extract. Phytochemical screening of the crude extract of B. Sensitivum revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Terpens/steroids, Cardiac glycosides, Basan, Carbohydrates, Phenols and Resins. In conclusion, B. Sensitivum aqueous extract possesses hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, renoprotective and hepatoprotective effect, and can therefore be used for the management of diabetes. Keywords: Biophytum sensitivum, Streptozotocin, glibenclamide, Diabetes, Phytochemicals.

A NEW MATH FOUNDATION []


ABSTRACT Most students do not achieve in math the same academic results they usually do in respect of other disciplines. Faced at an early school stage, this learning difficulty propagates throughout their entire lives. Math then becomes the least appreciated discipline in almost every school, and people often declare to hate math. A couple of reasons have been listed in a trial to explain such undesirable situation, but except for some few and timid criticisms, nobody clearly states that the reasons may be within math itself. People interested in math may find books and videos on the Internet always teaching the same things in the same way, but I did not see anyone with a different approach, offering a new thesis or at least trying to explain the many strange results yielded by the current math structure. That is the target of this paper. I challenge the current math structure by presenting a new theorem, a new fundamental axiom of algebra, a demonstration of Fermat’s Conjecture, and a new math foundation I developed, better aligned with the real world.

SIMULATING THE FAILURE OF DOMA DAM USING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL []


Doma dam plays vital role in the area of water supply, flood mitigation and irrigation purposes. However, in the event of failure, the energy stored in the impounded reservoir will result in flood flash, loss of properties, infrastructures and lives. Short warning time prior to the break is often the bane of such colossal damage. Hence, the need for dam failure flood analysis to determine the travel times of flood, peak discharge hydrograph, peak to time stage, and the flood water velocities for a reach length of two kilometre downstream of the dam. These parameters provided the benchmark for adequate planning, management and prediction of downstream hazard potentials in the event of such failure. This analysis is crucial bearing in mind that such has not been conducted in recent time. This was carried out using mathematical tool, BOSS DAMBRK hydrodynamic flood routing model. It adopted an inflow hydrograph peaked at 10,320 m3/s for the simulation and a corresponding peak discharge hydrograph of 10,623 m3/s was obtained. An optimum flow velocity of 2.05 m/s having a peak discharge of 10,320 m3/s at 0.5 km downstream was obtained. There was evident drop in velocity from 2.05 m/s at station 2 (0.5 km) to 1.30 m/s at station 5 (2.0 km) with a peak discharge of 11,685 m3/s. This proved that the peak velocity of flood reduced steadily and simultaneously with the flood wave downstream the dam owing to the morphology and geometry of river channel.

Biological control of weeds by using Allelopathic potential: []


Abstract Allelochemicals have an effect similar to that of synthetic herbicides, as these liberated compounds can be utilized from some crops grown with weeds, to control weeds that are liberated by washing, root secretions and volatilization, or by decomposing plant residues in the soil. There are many types of crops that showed an inhibitory effect on the bush from these crops: corn, wheat, barley, sunflower, cucumber, rice, lupine and beet . Through this article, we hope that this will inspire weed control workers to take advantage of this phenomenon to reduce environmental pollution as well as reduce the financial cost by using plant waste to control weeds as they are environmentally friendly, available and easy to use.

How Self Accountability in Islam Do Facilitate Good Governance []


The article focuses on how Islamic guidelines of self-accountability facilitate to ensure good governance. The paper addresses on related issues and concepts like the concept of governance and good governance, Islamic guidelines on the self-accountability in reference with Qur’an and Hadith, and the relationship between self-accountability in Islam and good governance. The secondary resource like relevant books, journals, articles, and internet materials was the sources of required data and information. Islam says that every Muslim is responsible for his deeds and will be questioned on the Day of Judgment in front of Allah is being watched by Allah in every moment. Main message of Qur’an on self-accountability that Allah knows well his servant if the servant expresses his mind or conceals his minds; Allah knows everything-what the servant is doing openly or in secret. Taqwa, consciousness of Allah, prevents Muslim from wrongdoings; prevents sins at first which arises on mind. Thus, self-control due to fear of Allah facilitates good governance. This paper will be useful for policy makers, academia, practitioners, and earnest learners to understand the relationship between Islamic guidelines on self-accountability and good governance.

The Application of Data Mining to Develop Web-Based Referral Information Management System for Dera Woreda Hospitals and Health Centers []


Medical Referral Systems aim at achieving high standards of care by improving patient outcomes and decreasing costs through optimal use of medical services. The success of these systems is highly dependent on the quality of referral decisions [1].Web based referral Information management system present a multitude of potential benefits for health system especially for those in low-income developing countries. For instance, web based referral can facilitate many specialist to conduct consultation with out the need for a patient to see the specialist, improve care condition among health facilities by reducing unnecessary face to face specialty visits and make efficient handling of referred patient data. In general, it improves quality of care in referral unit through timely and informed deci-sion. A referral system implemented in Ethiopia currently faces a lot of problems. It is much worse in case where the complication is involves life saving issues [2]. To mention some of the problems seen: patient to be served could not determine in advance that results in varied number of referred patient in different hospitals, poor com-munication and integrated system service provision prior to service delivery , delay in placement of patients, frag-mented service delivery and paper based patient referral system contribute to its inefficiency [2]. This research will use an object-oriented analysis and design methodology which is a system development methodology to model, design and implement the required web-based referral information management system for referral centers in Dera Woreda. Keywords: Datamining, Web-based Referral Information Management System, Object-oriented, Analysis, De-sign, Hospitals, Internet, Dera

Antimicrobial Activity of Nigella sativa (Black Seed) Combined with Honey Wax Against Selected Clinical Isolated []


The study “Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa seed (Black seed) combined with honey wax against selected clinical isolated” was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the black seed separately and in combination with honey on Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species and to determine the minimum inhibition concentration using disc diffusion assay and dilution method. Nigella sativa seed (Black seed) was extracted using three solvents (petroleum ether, Methanol, Aqueous solution) and honey was diluted at different concentration (,25%,50%, 75% and 100%) the combined extract of Nigella sativa seed (Black seed) and honey using ratio 1:1 v/w. The zones of inhibition were measured. The combined extracts of Nigella sativa seed (Black seed) with honey showed more effective at 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations against the test organisms with the zone of inhibition of 11.5mm, 12.7mm and 14mm respectively. The control antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin) shows the zone of inhibition of 12.5mm against Salmonella species. The negative control which is distilled water showed no zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed 12.0mg/ml of the petroleum ether extract. The result of this study demonstrated the Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa seed (Black seed) combined with honey which can be used as an alternative source of drug against enteric infection.

Design and Simulation of High Performance Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using CST Microwave Studio []


The Microstrip patch antenna has become very famous and has attracted much attention towards the research because of its light weight, compact, inexpensive and are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide range of frequencies are preferred. In this paper, the rectangular patch is designed with different parameters like return loss, VSWR, directivity along two directions, radiation pattern in 2-D and 3-D, smith chart , impedance matching are simulated using CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The microstrip patch antenna is designed to increase the bandwidth and return loss. FR-4 with dielectric constant of 4.3 is used as a substrate for the proposed antenna. The designed rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset feed technique is very useful for various applications in Industrial, Scientific and Medical sectors which operates at 3GHz range. It shows the return loss of -37.08dB and 6.652 dBi gain at the resonating frequency of 2.946 GHz. The inset feed and slot improve the impedance matching and return loss of the antenna.

Verification of Absolute Income Hypothesis in Nepalese Context []


The present study aimed at verification of Keynes’ Absolute Income Hypothesis (AIH) in Nepalese context by using the annual data sets of real consumption and real disposable income over the period 1974/75-2019/20 employing the econometric methodology like Johansen’s cointegration test, ARDL models, vector error correction models, FMOLS models and variance decomposition. In short run, the Keynesian postulate ‘APC diminishes with the increase in disposable income’ was inapplicable, but another postulate ‘APC is less than MPC in short run’ was valid. It means the Keynesian AIH is found to be partially applicable. Johansen’s cointegration test demonstrated the long run equilibrium relationship between consumption and disposable income. The ARDL models suggest that current real consumption is determined by real disposable income in preceding time. The vector error correction models exposed that short run and long run shocks in disposable income significantly affected consumption in the long run. The FMOLS models also evidenced the positive relationship between the variables, in which rise in disposable income in the preceding time caused current consumption to increase. Finally, the variance decomposition indicated that both consumption and disposable income contributed in the variation of consumption. In the long run, 24 percent of the variation in consumption was contributed by consumption itself and 76 percent by disposable income. Present study throws light in policy perspective that government of Nepal is required to launch employment and income generating programs to increase income and hence encourage consumption. Additionally, more investment is required in industrialization and income equality is required to be maintained through progressive tax system.

Novel Heterocyclic Quinone as Typical Alternative Precursors In the Synthesis of Mono (Tri) Methine Cyanine Dyes []


Novel unsymmetrical condensed heterocyclic quinone dyes and related mono(tri)-methine cyanine analogous incorporating thiazolo/oxazolo [2,3-b] -benzo(pyrido) oxazino/ benzoxazino -[2`,3`-b`] heterocyclic quinone;N-phenyl oxazolo/ pyrazolo-[2,3-b] benzoxazino [2`,3`-b`] heterocyclic quinone moieties were prepared. The new synthesized heterocyclic quinone cyanine dyes and relative intermediates were identified and structurally characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. The visible absorption spectra, solvato/media-chromic behaviors of some selected dyes were investigated in some organic solvents and different pH aqueous solutions. The spectral shifts were discussed in relation to molecular structure and in terms of medium effects.

SYNTHESIS, CHEMICAL CONFIRMATION & SPECTRAL BEHAVIOUR OF SOME SELECTED SELF ASSEMBLY [ICT] HETEROCYCLIC FUNCTIONAL & CYANINE DYES []


Facile synthetic process of some new N-bridge head poly heterocyclic quaternary salts for synthetic process of their functional & related cyanine dye derivatives of the improved absorption light sensitivity and photosensitization effect. The synthesis of the self assembly [ICT] endocyclic moieties based on 1,3-Bis(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-di [H]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-propan-1,3-dione (1B) & 5, 5'-malonyl-bis (pyrimidin-2, 4, 6(1H, 3H, 5H)-trione) (17). A special attention has been focused on the spectral behaviour of ethanolic solution of N-bridge head heterocyclic self-assembly [ICT] functional & cyanine dye based on in the visible region in order to permit a criterion for their use as photosensitizes & to shed some light upon a possible color-chemical structure relationship. The solvatochromic behavior of such N-bridge head heterocyclic self-assembly [ICT] functional & cyanine dye derivatives are observed here in the visible region showing solvatochromism & the colour changes with solvents having different polarities to permits a selection of optimal solvent when these dyes are applied as photosensitizers. The spectral behavior of some selected newly functional dyes in aqueous universal buffer solution & their dissociation (protonation) constants (pka values) are described to permit their acid-base properties Mediachromic behavior when these dyes are applied as criteria for their use as photosensitizers.

Advanced Semen Evaluation Techniques: Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) and Flow Cytometery: Review []


Abstract The poor rate of success for artificial insemination (AI) can be attributed to many intrinsic and non-intrinsic causes like the individual animal’s semen quality, the minimum standard set for semen quality prior to acceptance for freezing and post-thawed semen, the freezing and thawing protocol and the number of spermatozoa per straw for insemination. And even though, a wide variety of evaluation methods and/or tools are used to investigate the quality of bull semen, it is still difficult to determine to which extent subfertile sperm contributes to the inability of achieving conception. However, analysis of semen for an individual bull based on different parameters provides better information to predict its fertility. For this reason; now a days semen production centers are moving away from subjective semen assessment which is largely uncorrelated to field fertility to objective semen analyses that incorporate computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry. A multiparametric approach to semen analysis using CASA, flow cytometry and preferably in combination; can make possible the semen production centers to produce high quality semen. In this paper I reviewed these two advanced semen evaluation methods (CASA and flow cytometery) for their multiparameteric semen quality evaluation approach (sperm motility, kinematics, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial activity, DNA integrity) and the possible factors and/or limitations affecting the results of the technologies when they are used for analysis of spermatozoa.

Interest in Mathematics in the ethnic group of Nepal []


Abstract Mathematics is the base for modern civilization. Today it is impossible to advance in the branch of science or some areas of economics and social sciences without the application of mathematics. The interest in learning mathematics has been declining these days. The study conducted through survey on the interest in mathematics in ethnic group of Nepal showed severe results. The number of sample taken was 365. The mathematics interest survey was filled by the students above grade twelve. There were various factors influencing the interest in mathematics which include lack of fundamentals, parental attention and guidance, distraction, financial constraint and mathematical learning disability. The most dominating factors for losing interest in mathematics were lack of fundamental knowledge on mathematics and parental attention and guidance. Furthermore, it was found that only 0.8 % ethnic group students were interested in studying mathematics. In fact, students in Nepal generally have lower interest in learning mathematics. Thus, how to enhance students’ mathematics interest is major problem, especially for those ethnic group students. Therefore, the teacher should change the way of teaching for gaining interest in mathematics for all the students in Nepalese schools and colleges. Keywords Interest, mathematics, ethnic group, MLD, parental guidance, financial constraints

Examination Of Procedures Used to Deal with Sexual Violence in Zanzibar []


The study assessed the procedures used by government institution to deal with sexual violence cases against children in Urban West Region. A total 70 respondents were selected from Government institution of Zanzibar such as Police officers, Public prosecutor, Judges, Magistrates, Doctors and welfare officers. Information was collected from the respondents by using interview and questionnaires. SPSS software was used to perform the analysis of quantitative data. Results revealed that there were many procedure used by government institution to deal with this cases such as handling cases without delay, cases were handling in each station, cases were handling with specialist investigator, arrest the suspect, visit at the scene of crime, cases were listening in camera, using viodire test, leading question, using criminal procedure act, child act and evidence act. The study recommends that Government should provide seminar on how to deal with cases. Government should provide father study internal and external countries so as to gain and exchange experience on handling this cases. Government institutions should work together with private sector to improve the procedure of this cases.

YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION: A STUDY OF JAMA’AR UNGUWAR KANAWA DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, UNGUWAR []


Abstract This study attempt to give an insight to the activities of Jama’ar Unguwar Kanawa Development Association (JUKDA) on Environmental Sanitation. JUKDA was established by the Youth of Unguwar Kanawa in 2012 basically for the socio-economic development of Unguwar kanawa. This study concentrated on the efforts of JUKDA towards clearing blocked drainages and constructing new ones in order to create water ways for the avoidance of flooding and physical land degradation. Twenty Five (25) Streets were identified and an average of Twenty Five (25) households were found on each street. Eight (8) households were selected on each street and questions were administered on each of the head of the households. Two Hundred (200) respondents were drawn from the total of Two Hundred (200) households selected. The result indicated that Jama’ar Unguwar Kanawa Development Association has succeeded in constructing two surface drainages and rehabilitated so many old drainages across the Twenty Five (25) streets.

Human Trafficking and the Web of International Prostitution in Nigeria: A Study of Benin City (2008 - 2018) []


A largely neglected aspect of globalization with serious unintended consequences is the trafficking of persons, one of the ugly sides of globalization. Domestic policies crafted at the national level have a serious impact on globalization and one of such is the legalization of prostitution which invariably affects the activities of human trafficking inflow to countries. Also not ignoring the fact that existing literature insists on coercive dynamics that thrust victims into prostitution network, this research takes a different stand by underlining the preliminary awareness of most victims and how the organized multifaceted activity shapes the multi-dollar trade. To achieve the objectives of the study, a case study approach and qualitative method will be adopted. Content analysis will be used to quantify contemporary or historical texts for better analysis and examination of the subject matter. Also, comparative study will be adopted to investigate cross -sectional patterns of prostitution laws and policies and conducted reviews on interviews will be used for better understanding of participants’ perceptions. Data will be collected from various secondary sources such as reports, project documentaries, articles, policies, statistical data, websites and so on. Keywords: Globalization, Human Trafficking, Prostitution, policies, legalization. Words: 191.

Lack of Critique and Toughness of Sri Lankan English Literature (Case: Advanced Technological Institute, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka) []


This study aimed at addressing the toughness of Sri Lankan English Literature in the absence of criticism for the students who follow Higher National Diploma in English at the Advanced Technological institute, Dehiwala. Those students are enrolled to the institute based on Advanced Level examination and the results of a placement test. For the research sample was collected from targeted groups of students from 2015 part time and full time batches. Though initial idea was to collect data by qualitative methods, in the middle of the study, it was automatically converted to mixed method since one method alone seemed inadequate and not much related. The principle research question was whether the issue of lack of criticism toughens the learning of the subject Sri Lankan English Literature. Data were gathered both from secondary and primary sources, still for secondary data, literature found in the local context was very minimal, a fact well known to the scholars and students in the field. The research instruments used were distribution of questionnaires and interviewing techniques, classroom observations and at the same measure, in class tests were of immense use for the collection of reliable data. Results and finding were analyzed manually and findings of the research indicated that along with the major issue i.e the lack of criticism toughens learning of Sri Lankan English literature, there arose another significant one that is lack of English language fluency of students. After analyzing the results, some remedial measures were suggested and the most significant was to change the entry qualifications of Higher National Diploma in English at the Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced Technological Institute. Key words: Higher National Diploma in English, Sri Lankan English Literature, lack of criticism

Effect of Quality of Work-Life and Employee Engagement towards Job Satisfaction and Employee Performances at PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur, Tbk. Makassar Branch []


The competitive ability for an organization depends on how an individual can do the job specifically because individual performance will describe an organizational performance. So that each company will continue to make serious efforts to maintain the quality of work or relationships between employees so that it is always efficient and effective so that company goals can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of the quality of work-life and employee engagement on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The research analysis unit is the employees at PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur, Tbk. Makassar Branch. The research sample was 90 respondents and selected based on purposive sampling. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire. The data analysis method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which was processed with the SmartPLS version 3.0 program. The results showed that the quality of work-life has a significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance; employee engagement has a significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance; job satisfaction has a significant effect on employee performance, and quality of work-life and employee engagement have a significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction.

Impact of Brewery Effluent on Sediment Quality of Omi-Asoro Stream, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria. []


Find attached below

Christianity perception of African traditional religious rituals: Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA) and participation of Christian men in Gikuyu traditional rituals of mburi cia kiama, in Kiambu County, Kenya []


The empirical study dealt with religio-cultural crisis in Christianity and African traditional religion among Presbyterian Christian men of the Gikuyu ethnic group in Kenya. The men persistently participate in Gikuyu traditional ritual of mburi cia kiama whose processual undertaking revolves around slaughter of ritual goats so as to become members of Gikuyu council of elders. The research methodology used was mixed methods by means of both qualitative and quantitative. The descriptive survey design approach was the research technique used and required collection of data through questionnaires, interviews and participatory observation of rituals. Data collection strategy and its efficiency in collecting descriptive data was enhanced through source triangulation. The questionnaires were administered to the ordained male Church elders and the Presbyterian Church men. The parish ministers and the Gikuyu ritual leaders were interviewed, their selection done using snowball approach. The findings were that societal social status elevation impels Christian men to participate in traditional rituals contrary to church pronouncements. African traditional religious rituals demonstrate continuity, resilience against extra-religious forces of forces of globalization, secularism and modernity. One way of dealing with the perception is the corrective inculturation that ensures that the existing Church structures are not compromised. The perception index has to be manipulated to give credence to the proposed interpolation of ritual kinesis of Christian (Presbyterian) rituals and African traditional religious ritual (Gikuyu). The Church also needs to embrace the concept of glocalized Christianity. The praxis that actualizes the acceptable dealing with the perceptions is liturgical transformation.

Study of mechanical and corrosion properties for seamless gas pipelines []


The mechanical and corrosion performances of carbon steel arc weld joints in service environments have been established to be influenced by the process parameters used in carrying out the welding process. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) processes are leading in the development in arc welding process which are higher productivity, common and good in quality. PURPOSE: In this study, the effects of different parameters on welding penetration, microstructural , hardness and corrosion resistance measurement in carbon steel by using the gas metal arc welding and shielded metal arc welding are investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The variables that choose in this study are weld process, arc voltage, welding current and corrosion environment .The base metal seamless pipe carbon steel grade B that having the 7.1mm thickness of base metal (ASME A106) was used and the arc voltage and welding current were chosen as range (27 – 38) V, and (50 – 100) A of (SMAW) The welding speed was chosen constant as 100 mm/min .The arc voltage and welding current were chosen as range (28 – 34) V, and (130 – 180) A of (GMAW) . The welding speed was chosen constant as 200 mm/min. The penetration, microstructure and micro-hardness were determined with the aid of Vickers micro-hardness tester for each specimen after the welding process and the effect of it was studied. Then studied the effect two corrosion environment on carbon steel. The corrosion of the samples in atmospheric corrosion and soil were investigated using mass loss. RESULTS: The weld bead shape varied directly with the welding process. The microstructure of the weld joints consists of δ-ferrite and pearlite phases. The heat input affects the weld joint hardness negatively. The corrosion performance of the weld joints is close to each other however, the performance decreased with the increase in the heat energy input.