Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE GENERATED BY CELL PHONES AND IT []


Evidence generated by cell phones, iPad, android and computer are now widely use and admissible in Nigerian courts though, the previous Evidence Act regulating superior courts of record does not provides for the admissibility of such evidence. Quite interesting enough, the present Evidence Act, 2011 has now provides for the admissibility of such evidence and the conditions to be mate before they are admissible in courts. Though, students, researchers and some lawyers do not always aver their mind to the fact that computer generated Evidence or Electronic generated evidence has wide conception and is not restricted to computer desktop, laptop, and so forth. It involves all forms of electronic generated devices which uses memory card or compacted disk. The aim of this paper is to look at phone generated evidence, under sections 84, 93 and 258 of the Evidence Act. It also looks at the procedures for the admissibility of phone generated evidence in Nigerian Courts, and the conditions for it admissibility. Also, the proper foundations to be laid before admissibility of phone generated evidence or electronic evidence. The research methodology adopted is doctrinal analytical method of research it would analyse the relevant sections of the Evidence Act, 2011 and consult statutes, case laws, articles and existing literature by authors. From this research, recommendations would be made.

GLOBALIZATION AND NIGERIA ECONOMY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES. []


This study delves into the core aspects of globalization, focusing on Nigeria's position within the international landscape, and examining both the opportunities and challenges it presents. Drawing on Rourke's economic theory of globalization, the study underscores the disparity between developed and developing countries, often referred to as the North-South divide. It concludes that Nigeria has not fully capitalized on globalization due to its heavy dependence on crude oil exports, limited technological exports, and an underdeveloped domestic financial market. The study identifies various opportunities, including increased specialization and efficiency, economies of scale in production, and enhanced global welfare. However, it also highlights challenges, such as the need for a robust framework to safeguard domestic monetary management and prevent undue destabilization of the economy due to global developments. To maximize the benefits of globalization and avoid marginalization, the study emphasizes the importance of accountability, transparency, and good governance. Market-friendly policies are deemed essential to ensure Nigeria's active participation in the global economy, fostering economic growth and stability in the face of evolving global dynamics.

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF ACADEMIC RC BUILDINGS []


Abstract: Birendranagar Surkhet is an educational hub of Karnali provenance and Surkhet Campus Education is one of the oldest collage of Karnali provenance. Some of the academic buildings of this collage were constructed before 3 decades dur-ing this period there was a lack of establishment and implementation of proper code and guidelines. If the seismic characteris-tics of these existing building is known well it will help to reduce risk, economical losses and causalities during and after earthquake. Many researchers conduct the vulnerability assessment of the existing academic building after Gorkha earth-quake 2072 in the eastern Nepal and it shows that many of the existing academic buildings were constructed without appro-priate seismic resisting characteristics due to which huge losses was beared by nation . Hence it is necessary to conduct the vulnerability assessment of existing academic building in western Nepal to ensure whether the existing academic building are safe or not from seismic point of view before. In my study seismic vulnerability assessment of academic building will be done among the many existing building of Surkhet Campus Education. During this assessment non-destructive testing (NDT) is conducted to obtain the material properties of the existing RC build-ing and loading condition are applied according to NBC 105- 2020 . Finite element model, that mostly resembles the actual site condition was prepared by using E-tabs V20 software. In this process structure was analyzed by using Pushover analysis, in which application of incremental control displacement to the structure until it reaches a target displacement, which provide the capacity curve. Time history analysis was performed for seven different earthquake matched to target response spectrum as per NBC 105- 2020 which provide us the demand curve. With the help of these two results fragility curve for four damage states: slight, moderate, extensive and complete is generated at interval of 0.2g PGA. Results of probability of failure of re-spective damage states were taken at 0.35 PGA (Birendranagar) for selected different earthquake data. Finally, seismic vulner-ability assessment of Surkhet Campus Education is predict with the help of seismic vulnerability evaluating tool fragility curve. Key Words: Seismic vulnerability, Academic building, Fragility curve

Stress Triggers and Coping Mechanism Experienced by Internal Auditors of Cooperatives []


This study is descriptive qualitative research using the phenomenological research design. The data of the study were gathered through focus group discussion which is virtually participated by fifteen (15) internal auditors of cooperatives in Sorsogon Province. This research study determined the stress triggers experienced by internal auditors in which resulted to various and common stressors. Also, it identified the effects of stress triggers that have affected the audit quality. Furthermore, it also discussed the coping mechanisms and strategies utilized by the participants in managing their stressors, these resulted to coping strategies such as adaptive, maladaptive, problem-focused and emotion-focused. Additionally, through these data gathered the researcher was able to designed and proposed a learning and development activities on stress management and coping mechanisms that will help the internal auditors in minimizing stressors and prevent it from escalating into an uncontrollable stress trigger.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECONDARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, SELF-EFFICACY AND STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA []


The study determined the Relationship between Secondary School Mathematics Teachers’ classroom management practices and self-efficacy towards teaching and Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Niger State, Nigeria. The researchers used a correlational research design for this study. A multistage sampling technique was employed for selecting the twelve (12) schools used for the study. Two corresponding research questions guided the study. A total of one hundred and forty (140) mathematics teachers formed the sample size of the study. The research instrument used for data collection is a 5 points Likert scale type questionnaire which was pilot tested. Cranach Alpha statistical tool was used for analysis and average reliability of 0.75 was obtained using SPSS version 23 for the analysis. During data collection, questionnaires were administered to the sampled mathematics teachers by the researchers with the help of research assistants from each of the sampled schools. Mean and Standard Deviation was used to analyze the data collected to answer the research questions raised for the study. The study revealed that Mathematics teachers’ classroom management practices and self-efficacy towards teaching are both teachers’ variables that influence students’ performance in mathematics. It was recommended that mathematics teachers should be encouraged to go for further training or to attend conferences, seminars, workshops so as to be well skilled in terms of Mathematics teachers’ classroom management practices and self-efficacy towards teaching

EFFECTS OF FLIPCHART INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL ON BIOLOGY ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MINNA METROPOLIS OF NIGER STATE []


This study determined the Effects of Flipchart Instructional Material on Biology Achievement among Secondary School Students in Minna Metropolis of, Niger State. Quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. Four coeducational secondary schools were randomly sampled and assigned to experimental and control groups. From each school, an intact class was also randomly selected and used for the study. A sample size of two hundred and one (204) Secondary School Two (SSII) students was used for the study. The instrument used for data collection were Achievement Test Questions (ATQ) which was developed by the researchers and validated by experts in the field of biology and test and measurement unit. A pilot test was conducted on the test instrument and reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained. Two research questions and corresponding null hypotheses guided the study. Findings of the study revealed a significant difference between the mean achievement score of students taught using Flipchart instructional material and those taught without the use of Flipchart. The study also revealed no significant difference in the achievement mean scores of male and female students taught using Flipchart instructional material. Based on these findings, it is therefore concluded that the use of Flipchart instructional material is effective in enhancing students’ achievement in Biology. Recommendations were therefore made that Government should provide adequate and relevant Flipchart instructional materials to schools as it was observed to enhance achievement of students particularly at secondary school level of education

Compressive Strength Development of Concrete From Nigerian OPC Using Conplast SP430 []


This research project was aimed at determining the effect of Conplast SP430 on the compressive strength development of concrete using the dosage range as specified by the manufacturers of Conplast SP430 (0.7L-2L/100kg of cement). Cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were used for the production of all samples with a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and water/cement ratio of 0.45. All samples were compacted in 3 layers of 35 blows each using a 16mm rod for the compaction. The compressive strength tests were conducted for concrete samples of different dosages at 7 and 28 days to determine the compressive strength of hardened concrete. The results showed that the highest compressive strength at 28 days was achieved at the lowest Conplast dosage (0.276L/33.49kg of cement) with a strength value of 31.78KN/mm2 greater than that of the control while the highest compressive strength for 7 days was achieved at 0.32L/33.49kg of cement with strength value of 21.62KN/mm2. It was also observed from this research experiment that water-curing for the superplasticized samples was not possible.

ASSESSMENT OF E-LMIS EFFECT ON THE AVAILABILITY OF HIV LABORATORY COMMODITIES AT LAST MILE IN KAMONYI DISTRICT []


The research was to assess the e-LMIS effect on the availability of HIV laboratory commodities at last mile in Kamonyi district and the specific objectives were to analyse effect of timely availability of accurate logistics data on the availability of HIV laboratory commodities at last mile in Kamonyi district, to assess the effect of effective inventory management on the availability of HIV laboratory commodities at last mile in Kamonyi district and to analyse the effect of efficient use of allocated funds on the availability of HIV laboratory commodities at last mile in Kamonyi district. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize data on e-LMIS and Availability of HIV laboratory commodities in Kamonyi district and Pearson's correlation or Spearman's rank correlation coefficients was calculated to examine the associations between e-LMIS and Availability of HIV laboratory commodities in Kamonyi. The sample size of the research was 166 employees working in Kamonyi district in the public health sector. The participants of the research were selected based on the purpose of this research. The primary data was collected using questionnaires and the secondary data was obtained from text books and online resources. The analysis exposes compelling trends and nuances that underscore the pivotal role of the e-LMIS in ensuring commodity availability. Notably, the e-LMIS exerts a profound influence on HIV laboratory commodities' availability. The timely availability of accurate logistics data, supported by mean scores such as 3.9167 (accurate and reliable data) and 4.1542 (consistent data with stock levels), reaffirms the significance of dependable information in maintaining a steady supply. Effective inventory management, as reflected in mean scores like 4.2125 (impact on availability) and 3.9833 (efficient replenishment), accentuates the e-LMIS's contribution in averting stockouts and bolstering availability. Moreover, efficient fund allocation, evident through mean scores such as 4.1625 (reducing commodity expiry) and 4.2083 (minimizing stock outs), underscores its role in ensuring sustainability. In conclusion, the presented findings underscore the e-LMIS's pivotal role in shaping commodity availability at Kamonyi district's last mile. A balanced approach blending participant perspectives, statistical interpretation, and references substantiates the multifaceted contributions of the e-LMIS to healthcare supply chains. The research recommends to capitalize on the e-LMIS's impact, healthcare supply chain managers should prioritize refining data accuracy and reliability. Investing in data validation mechanisms and regular quality assessments can bolster the credibility of the system's inputs and strengthening inventory management calls for targeted training and capacity-building. Focused workshops on leveraging the e-LMIS's features for optimal inventory control can amplify the system's effectiveness.

HOTEL DESIGN: THE ROLEOFARCHITECTURE INHOSPITALITY AND TOURISM []


This study describes the role architecture plays in hospitality, which includes the hotel industry and tourism. It explains what a hotel is and how architecture and design can be significant players in the hospitality sector, which includes the hotel business and tourism. This research also discusses the role that architecture plays in these sectors. In order to provide visitors with a memorable and delightful experience, architectural design is essential. A well-designed hotel or resort improves utility, aesthetics, and comfort, elevating the whole hospitality experience. The layout, interior design, lighting, and landscaping are all components that help to create a welcoming experience for visitors.

DANCE AS A VERITABLE TOOL FOR SOCIO-POLITICALCHANGE IN NIGERIA: AN EVALUATION OF FELIX AKINSIPE’S “UNITED WE STAND” IN TALKING BODIES []


The uniqueness of dance as an art form is that of all art forms, it is totally dependent on human body movement. The human body is the sole instrument or vehicle for expression in dance. One of the major problems of dance is its non-verbal channel of communication which sometimes seems codified and difficult to understand by merely watching or observing. Predominantly, our present society does not really have that critical mind to clearly understand what a dancer is trying to depict through dance. Most people always concentrate more on the dance movement and choreography. This research paper shall lend itself to historical approach as a theoretical tool for evaluating Felix Akinsipe’s “United We Stand” beyond the work itself to the broader historical and cultural event. This study surpasses an attempt to write about dance, it is to shed light on the importance of dance and how it can be used to educate and inform people in the society. However, this study will also give room for intellectual discourse about dance, its socio-political relevance in the society and how Felix Akinsipe’s “United We Stand” in Talking Bodies reflects the Nigerian situation under the colonial/military regime. In the course of the paper, qualitative method of gathering data was adopted in processing the libretto and performance under review. This paper thereby concludes by illuminating the responsibility of theatre artist towards being the voice of the voiceless via their works, and then recommends that choreographers must strive to commit their works in speaking for the voiceless against oppressive governance.

Synthesis of Silver(AgNP) Nanoparticles using Blighia Sapida Peel Extract: An unexplored Approach for Antimicrobial, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Activities. []


Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is gaining significant attention for its versatile applications,particularly in the medical domain. This study introduces a novel approach and presents a green and sustainable method using Blighia Sapida Peel extract .It aims to explore the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the peel extract of Blighia sapida (isin) and evaluation of the nanoparticles for antimicrobial, anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities. The AgNPs were characterized by UV– Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, anticoagulation, and thrombolytic activities. The biosynthesis of the AgNPs reaction was carried out using 1 mM and 5mM of silver nitrate and peel extract of Blighia sapida. The continuous stirring of the reaction mixture at room temperature for approximately one hour resulted in the successful formation of AgNPs. A development of a yellowish brown color and dark brown confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The development of AgNPs was confirmed by the characteristic peaks of UV–Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy spectra. These AgNPs also showed potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. AgNPs prevented the coagulation of blood, and also showed thrombolytic activities. Microscopic examination of the lyzed blood clot supported the thrombolytic activities. The result of this study revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs can serve as effective antimicrobial, anticoagulant and thrombolytic agent highlighting and emphasising its eco-friendly sustainable,therapeutic applications.

THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF FOOD INFLATION IN FARMER’S PERSPECTIVE []


During 2023 the survey study was conducted to estimate the economic implications of food inflation in farmer’s perspective by evaluating the economics of growing crops over time keeping in view the post Covid-19 inflation, currency devaluation and global fuel prices scenario. Based on convenience non-probability sampling method the descriptive statistics and Likert type scale was employed on collected primary data. The secondary data was also employed to compare economic ratios on crops production. The majority of the farmers considered the fuel prices (cost push inflation), Government trade policy/IMF program, increasing population (demand pull inflation), COVID-19 pandemic, present flood crises/climate change, Russia-Ukraine conflict, withdrawal of subsidies and devaluation of PKR as main reasons for prevailing food inflation. Regarding farmer’s opinion to cope with food inflation it was recorded that the majority of the farmers (up to 4.29 mean response score) responded that subsidy on inputs, disease and pest free seed distribution, start to growing own country food brand/restaurant, stop urbanization on fertile land and change the types of foods (fresh only) were the solutions against food inflation. Based on the estimation of economics of growing crops over time it may be concluded that the farmers’ net returns were increasing particularly for non-perishable commodities like wheat, potato, pulses, garlic etc. despite of soaring inflation scenario. However, for perishable nature of crops like spinach, onion and carrot etc. the net returns trends were declining between 2019-20 to 2022-23. Keeping in view the food security factor it is suggested that the Govt. should maintain strategic reserves of wheat, sugar and pulses for inflationary period. Keywords: Covid-19, Economic, Food, Implications, Inflation, Net Returns

SEDUCTION IN DANCE; A STUDY OF BAALU DANCE []


In dance the human body is the sole vehicle for expression. Unfortunately, the study of the human body in relation to dance has been largely neglected by dance scholars and this has seriously resulted to a dearth of literature in dance studies. This research work therefore focuses on movement of the human body in order to underscore how it functions as a tool for seduction. Thus, it examines how movement of some specific parts of the body can be used to attract the opposite sex in dance. In the course of this research work, Baalu dance is selected as the case study, it is a dance peculiar to the indigenous people of Kwara state, Nigeria. This research work makes use of the primary and secondary methods of data collection. Primary method comprises of field work and the conduction of interviews particularly on the Baalu dance. Findings on Baalu dance are based on ethnographic field research in communities in Kwara state where the dance is utilized for entertainment at functions and events. The secondary method involves the use of Libraries, journals, articles, use of the internet, and other reference materials. Formalist theatre shall be adopted as the theoretical tool for this research work. Body movement in dance has a way of captivating audience members, especially when emphasis is placed on some specific parts of the human body. Dance has a strong appeal to the human sense of sight. While watching a dance performance, the body of the audience member identifies with that of the dancer through what is described as Kinaesthetic Empathy.

When We Lie with Statistics in a Monitoring and Evaluation Report. []


Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) reports play a critical role in assessing the effectiveness and impact of programs and policies. These reports are relied upon by decision-makers, funders, and stakeholders to make informed decisions and guide future actions and plans. Statistics are powerful tools for communicating complex ideas and information. In the field of monitoring and evaluation (M&E), however, statistics can be manipulated or misrepresented in M&E reports, leading to inaccurate conclusions and misguided decisions. If statistics are used improperly or manipulated for personal gain, they can distort the truth and undermine the credibility of M&E reports. This article highlights the potential pitfalls and consequences of dishonesty in statistical reporting in the context of M&E and offers recommendations for ensuring integrity in data analysis and interpretation.

Appraisal of (In) Congruity between Constitutional Responsibilities of the ‘Caffee’ Oromia and its Exercise []


Abstract Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is a major concern for surgeons due to its large numbers and its complex treatment. In these cases, skin and soft tissue cover is one of the most challenging issues. This case report describes a 45-year-old patient who presented with a huge fungating and ulcerative mass in the left breast discharging pus and serosanguinous fluid. The patient was resuscitated, investigated, and operated by an experienced general surgeon. On the elective operative list, mastectomy with excision of axillary lymph nodes was done and large skin and soft tissue defect was managed with a thoracoabdominal flap. In view of its simplicity, low cost, good postoperative compliance, and well tolerability it can be concluded that thoracoabdominal flap(TA) can be the first choice in LABC patients requiring skin and soft tissue cover after surgery. Key Words: Locally advanced breast cancer; post-operative skin and soft tissue defect; Thoraco-abdominal flap

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE BIOCOAGULANT PROPERTIES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS, ALUM AND ACTIVATED CARBON MIXTURE IN WATER TREATMENT []


The study focused on effective combination of moringa oleifera seeds; alum and activated carbon used in treatment of water samples such as raw water (Dam), simulated water (prepared), mixture of well water (composite) and distilled water. The produced natural coagulant can be used as an alternative to aluminum sulphate and other coagulants used worldwide for water treatment. (Eman, 2009). This study involves processing Moringa oleifera seeds to concentrate the biocoagulant constituents which have coagulation activity. Moringa oleifera seeds were prepared for oil extraction using electro thermal soxhlet. (Matawal, and Kulack, 2004). After extraction of oil from moringa seeds, the powder obtained was used to prepared matrices of different proportions: matrix A (90%MO+5%AC+5%Alum), matrix B(80%MO+10%AC +10%Alum) and matrix C(70%MO+15%AC +15%Alum). The matrices were prepared at temperature of 400c in electric oven. These matrices were used to treat water samples, alongside with control 1 2 and 3 that is moringa seeds powder, alum and activated carbon respectively. The result was analyzed using the following physico-chemical parameters such as turbidity, pH, Conductivity, TDS, Alkalinity and DO, which were determined before and after treatment. From the data recorded for treatment with matrix C and data recorded before treatment, the recommended ratio for combined coagulant dosage is matrix (80%MO +15%AC +15%Alum)

It was an LLM thesis turned into an article for the purpose of publication []


The Oromia Regional State was engulfed with severe political turmoil in the years preceding the 2018 regime change. Studies trace the causes of the turmoil to the malfunctioning of governmental institutions that could not respond to political demands in time as a result of which the region was derailed into an unbearable political crisis. The Caffee, as a primarily concerned political entity, has constitutional responsibilities to address most of the demands. Therefore, this study aims to assess if the practice of Caffee meets its constitutional responsibilities and what caused incompatibilities, if any. Through assessments done based on interviews with officials of Caffee, researcher's observations, and group discussions, the study identified discrepancies between the constitution and the primary legislation and also the practices. The study concluded that there are several inconsistencies caused by political indetermination, legal and structural defects, and lack of professionalism.

Motorbike Defect Checker and Predictor []


As Sri Lanka has a high population of motorbike owners, out of them the most are Indian bikes, we have come up with this solution of selecting the best, safe and valuable motorbike for an individual just using his mobile phone. Therefore the buyer would not need the expert knowledge in identifying the defects by himself. The “Motorbike Defect Checker and Predictor” which is the final outcome of this research project is a complete mobile application that has the ability in providing it’s users with an analysis of the overall condition of the motor bike which he/she is trying to purchase. Currently the applications and methods used by different organizations in making an overall health condition of the vehicle has its separate components health check in separate companies. For an instance the part’s quality and originality would only be checked by its manufacturer but here this specific application has the capability of identifying the defects, alternations, usage and finally give out prediction on the future usage and present condition of the motor bike. Institutions like Hero Honda Service Center, Bajaj Service Center, and R & D Bike Modification Center are eager to help us with this endeavor by offering us additional information and support. Additionally, the team has made all required preparations to build up data sets in the event that one of the aforementioned institutions or people refuses to allow data collection. Due to problems with accuracy from the built-up data sets, we would use the most. Furthermore, the spare parts stores and other manufacturing sectors could be used to gather the required images of the auto parts for the training model. Industries like DSI tires, Bajaj spare parts, and Honda bike agents are ready to give us all the information we need, including authorization to take pictures.

THORACO-ABDOMINAL FLAP FOR COVERING DEFECT AFTER MASTECTOMY FOR HUGE FUNGATING BREAST TUMOUR-CASE REPORT []


Locally advance breast cancer (LABC) is a major concern for surgeons due to its large numbers and its complex treatment. In these cases, skin and soft tissue cover is one of the most challenging issues. This case report describes a 45-year-old patient who presented with huge fungating and ulcerative mass in left breast discharging pus and serosanguinous fluid. The patient was resuscitated, investigated and operated by experienced general surgeon. On elective operative list mastectomy with excision of axillary lymph nodes was done and large skin and soft tissue defect was managed with thoracoabdominal flap. In view of its simplicity, low cost, good postoperative compliance and well tolerability it can be concluded that thoracoabdominal flap(TA) can be the first choice in LABC patients requiring skin and soft tissue cover after surgery.