Volume 11, Issue 12, December 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG WOMEN IN BENGHAZI []


Introduction: Obesity among women in Benghazi is a prominent issue which might be influenced by several social, economic and cultural factors. This applied study seeks to address the effect of these social, economic and cultural factors on the prevalence of obesity among women in Benghazi. Materials and Methods: The study used a simple random sample, with a size of 232 women. The sample of women was collected from three health centers in Benghazi, including Sidi Hussein Health Center, Al-Kish Health Center and Al-Sirti Health Center. The researchers prepared a questionnaire (survey) which asked participants questions pertaining their marital status, level of education, income and viewpoints when it comes to obesity and overweight. Each participant completed the survey and the data was quantified and analyzed using percentages and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Results: Our findings indicate that there are high rates of obesity and overweight among women in Benghazi, with 28.9% of the sample being obese and 22.4% being overweight. Marital status seems to affect the incidence of obesity, with a p-value of 0.037 (statistically significant = p-value ≤ 0.05). The largest prevalence of obesity and overweight is among married women. Level of income also seems to have an impact on the prevalence of obesity, with a p-value of 0.002. The highest rates of obesity and overweight occur among women with low incomes. However, there is not enough significant evidence to indicate that there is a relationship between education level and weight. Conclusion: Our study suggests that several socioeconomic and cultural factors influence the likelihood of a woman being obese or overweight. Adhering to a healthy diet, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding might help decrease the prevalence of obesity. We also recommend increased physical activity. The government is also obliged to address social inequality and improve individuals’ standard of living.

"Corruption Dynamics: An Intricate Catalyst for Escalated Insecurity in Nigeria" []


In this elevated exploration, we delve into the intricate dynamics of corruption as a pervasive catalyst, significantly amplifying the specter of insecurity in the Nigerian context. This advanced-level analysis aims to unravel the nuanced intersections between corruption and the multifaceted dimensions of insecurity, shedding light on the profound ramifications that the endemic nature of corruption imposes on the stability and resilience of the nation, Motola, (2006). This paper also delves into the profound interplay between corruption and escalating insecurity in Nigeria. In this intricate analysis, we explore how corruption acts as a catalyst, exacerbating the multifaceted dimensions of insecurity within the nation. The pervasive nature of corruption, deeply embedded in various sectors, contributes to a heightened state of vulnerability. The article uncovers the intricate dynamics of this relationship, shedding light on how corruption weakens the fabric of societal structures and institutions, consequently fostering an environment conducive to insecurity, Epele, (2006). From embezzlement in public funds to the manipulation of security effects apparatuses, corruption's tendrils extend far and wide. It not only undermines the effectiveness of law enforcement and justice systems but also exacerbates economic inequality, fostering conditions that breed social discontent. The abstract emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of corruption's role in the genesis and perpetuation of insecurity, urging comprehensive reforms and targeted interventions to break this detrimental cycle. By dissecting these corruption dynamics, this article aims to contribute to a more informed discourse and catalyze efforts toward building a resilient, secure, and just socio-political landscape in Nigeria. Keywords: Corruption, Insecurity, Causes, Development, Effects, etc.

Exploring the Paradigm Shift in Understanding Cybersecurity Threats: A Comprehensive Guide" []


The study elucidates the evolving danger landscape due to the emergence of advanced technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The analysis also explores the evolution of cybercriminals' motivations, transitioning from financial profit to geopolitical objectives, providing a nuanced understanding of the adversaries' mindset. This investigation seeks to explain the intricacies while also shedding light on the paradigm shift that must occur for us to fully comprehend cybersecurity risks, Mike, (2000). This comprehensive paper offers pragmatic approaches and actionable strategies for safeguarding against rising dangers. This emphasizes the need to implement a comprehensive security strategy and the necessity of incident response planning in a landscape where cyber incidents are inevitable rather than uncertain, Davie & Peterson, (1996). The digital revolution has brought about a profound transformation in our jobs, lifestyles, and social interactions, leading to an unprecedented age of connectivity and creativity. The advent of digital transformation has given rise to a novel realm of concerns known as cybersecurity threats. Essentially, this essay lays a solid foundation by examining the origins of cybersecurity vulnerabilities. It traces the evolution from initial hacking attempts to contemporary, exceptionally proficient, and meticulously coordinated cybercrimes, Ellis & Speed, (2001). Furthermore, it examines the many points of vulnerability and methods used by adversaries, encompassing software vulnerabilities and behavioral weaknesses in individuals. "Exploring the Paradigm Shift in Understanding Cybersecurity Threats" equips individuals, organizations, and lawmakers with the necessary knowledge and tools to navigate the complex landscape of contemporary cybersecurity effectively. It guides readers toward a more secure and safe digital future by serving as a beacon in the digital wilderness. Keywords: Cybersecurity threats, the MITRE Threat Model, Cybersecurity Risks. Threat Actor,

MODELLING OF MULTIPHASE POROUS MEDIA FLOW EQUATIONS []


We modelled simgle phase, two phase and three phase flow equations in a porous medium from first principle. The model was developed using the principle of conservation of mass, Darcy law, saturation and capillary pressure relations. Also we provided a modeling process for the pressure gradient in a hypothetical water flooding experiment. Our modeled equations have the potentials to capture inherent flows scnarios in porous media.

Artificial intelligence infrastructure []


The infrastructure of artificial intelligence (AI) covers cumulative technical and software applications based on modern technologies, supporting the organization of information processing, learning algorithms and model training, and the main functions include the establishment of high-quality databases to meet the requirements for analyzing data from a variety of sources and using it in a defined format. It also provides the essential computing power of effective and fast model teaching, both traditionally and in parallel. AI infrastructure includes a variety of platforms and services based on budgets and requirements. The choice between cloud solutions, cloud-based and on-premises implementation helps organizations provide convenient and fast solutions to suit their infrastructure needs. AI infrastructure equip users with all the tools necessary to analyze data, training models for professionals and optimize the operational performance of organizations.

SOLAR PANEL RENEWABLE ENERGY DISTRIBUTOR WITH MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO []


Abstract. The increasing frequency of power interruptions attributed to power supply shortages has become a noticeable trend in recent times. This issue not only disrupts daily life but also poses significant challenges to various industries. In response to this growing concern, the adoption of solar energy emerges as a promising and sustainable solution to mitigate the adverse effects of power shortages. Solar power systems, having undergone rigorous testing and evaluation over the years, have proven themselves as reliable alternatives. The commendable aspect of solar energy lies in its designation as a clean and renewable source of power, making it a favorable choice for addressing environmental concerns associated with traditional energy sources. One notable development in the realm of solar technology is the Solar Panel Renewable Energy Distributor with Monitoring System, incorporating cutting-edge features such as Arduino technology. This innovative system underwent a thorough assessment using the ISO25010 quality model, a recognized benchmark for evaluating software and system quality. The system's noteworthy achievement is reflected in its impressive weighted mean rating of 4.17, signaling its acceptance as a viable technology within the IT industry. This accomplishment not only establishes the Solar Panel Renewable Energy Distributor as a reliable solution but also underscores its alignment with industry standards. The integration of Arduino, a versatile and widely-used open-source electronics platform, further enhances the adaptability and functionality of the system. As we navigate the challenges of power supply shortages, embracing technologies like the Solar Panel Renewable Energy Distributor becomes imperative for fostering sustainability and resilience in our energy infrastructure. This not only addresses the immediate need for reliable power but also contributes to the global effort in creating a more eco-friendly and sustainable future. The successful convergence of solar energy and advanced monitoring systems exemplifies how innovation can play a pivotal role in overcoming contemporary challenges in the energy sector. Key Words: Aemilianum College Inc., Arduino, Monitoring System, Real Time Management, Renewable Energy, and Solar Panel

Factors Responsible for Deficient Supervision of Construction Project in the Nigerian Building Construction Industry []


The construction industry is faced with obvious challenges all through its wide range which has consistently led to several deficiencies. Since these challenges are constantly reoccurring, this study sets to identify the factors responsible for deficient supervision of construction project work in the Nigerian building industry. To achieve the set objectives, various authors’ works were reviewed and data were collected from primary sources with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. One hundred and twenty-three questionnaires were administered to construction professional in the building industry out of which one hundred and fifteen were retrieved, coded, and analyzed using descriptive statistics; percentile and mean item score. The study concluded that the three major factors responsible for deficient supervision on construction works are; the presence of inexperienced supervisors, a lack of effective planning, and poor communication. Based on the conclusion, the study recommended offering thorough training for supervisors, placing emphasis on both practical skills and theoretical understanding. The crucial elements for the success of the project include the adoption of thorough planning procedures, which involve detailed scheduling and resource allocation. Additionally, creating transparent and open communication pathways among project stakeholders is imperative

L’esthétique du discours dans Monnè, outrages et défis d’Ahmadou Kourouma []


The study on literary esthetics focuses on Monnè, insults and challenges by Ahmadou Kourouma [Our Translation]. The theme which is a study on the major classes of African literary esthetics raises the impact of colonization and migration. Europeans still doubt on the availability and abundance of negro-African literary esthetics in our writings. Our research aims to find out, explore and analyses the major classes of African literary esthetics in this novel. Therefore, we use the Sociological approach of Mahamadou Kane. The book full of humor and satire invites us to use more methods like the socio critic and sociologic methods to enhance the quality of our research. The exploitation of the book leads to the appearance of literary esthetics in abundance to defend, honor and promote African cultural heritage. The analysis of the six structures of Mahamadou Kane’s traditional Model in our research shows clearly how the African continent is very rich in literary esthetics. Keys words: Literary esthetics, negro-Africa, colonization, migration, Mahamadou Kane’s traditional model.

DECISION-MAKING AND SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS IN CAMEROON []


Decision-making and school effectiveness in Cameroon. To achieve this, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between decision-making and school effectiveness in Cameroon. The researcher used explanatory sequential mixed methods, that is, quantitative and qualitative approaches (pragmatic paradigm) with correlational research design. The questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide were used to gather data. The target population was 2151, the accessible population was 1037 and the sample size was 285 headteachers. The simple random sampling method was used to select a sample size. The purposive and expert sampling techniques were used to select 10 teachers for the interview. The study area was the English-speaking North West and South West Regions of Cameroon with thirteen (13) divisions and sixty-five (65) sub-divisions. The instruments met validity requirements with a content validity index, CVI of 0.75, and reliability using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.80. The model specification used the Multiple Correlation Analysis. The demographic and descriptive data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: frequencies, percentages, sums, mean scores, and standard deviations. Data from interviews were analyzed thematically and narratively. Analyses of hypotheses began with Pairwise Correlation and proceeded with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) coefficient of the Simple Linear Regression Estimation Technique. The data was presented in the form of OLS coefficients with a p-value of 0.000 for each hypothesis as follows: Ho 1 : There is no significant relationship between decision-making procedures and school effectiveness with an Ordinary Least Square coefficient of 0.4725. The results have a resilient recommendation.

Biotic potential of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on four types of wheat substrates []


This study investigates the influence of wheat substrates on the biotic potential of the insect Tribolium castaneum. Various substrates, including grains of durum wheat (Triticum durum Var. Irden) and their respective flours, as well as grains of soft wheat and their flours (Triticum aestivum Var. Merchouch), were utilized in the experiment. Results demonstrated that the fecundity of T. castaneum was similar across all four substrates, but soft wheat flour proved to be the most suitable oviposition medium. Egg fertility remained consistent across all substrates. The durations of pre-imaginal developmental stages varied according to the substrates, with shorter durations observed on wheat flours compared to whole grains. Mortality rates also fluctuated depending on the substrates, with wheat flours exhibiting lower mortality rates. Survival curves displayed similar patterns across all substrates. Therefore, soft wheat and durum wheat flours appeared to promote the development of T. castaneum in comparison to wheat grains. Key Words: Tribolium castaneum, Wheat substrates, Biotic potential, Fecundity, Fertility, Developmental durations

Effect of Age on the Levels of Growth Hormone, Leptin Hormone, And Some Biochemical variables among a number of Infertile Women in Mosul City []


The study included an analysis of the impact of aging on the levels of Growth Hormone and Leptin Hormone, and their significance as new indicators that increase the likelihood of infertility. The study also examined the correlation between these hormones and various hormonal and biochemical variables, including Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Lipid Profile, which measures the levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), and Body Mass Index (BMI). A total of 60 blood samples were collected from women with both primary and secondary infertility, and 20 blood samples were collected from healthy women as a control group. The samples were divided into two groups: the first group was based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and included four subgroups, each consisting of 10 samples, including the Control group, BMI 1 (19-24), BMI 2 (25-30), and BMI 3 (32) ≤ kg/m2. The second group was based on age and also included four subgroups, each consisting of 10 samples, including the Control group, Age 1 (17-27), Age 2 (28-37), and Age 3 (38-47) years. All relevant information about the infertile and healthy women, such as name, age, height, weight, type of infertility, number of children, medical and genetic history, was included in the study. The study relied on the diagnosis of cases by obstetricians and gynecologists specializing in infertility from Al Batool Teaching Hospital, Al Khansaa Women's and Maternity Hospital, Al Salam Teaching Hospital, and some private clinics, based on clinical examination, biochemical laboratory tests, and ultrasound examination. Samples were collected from September 2022 to February 2023. The study showed the impact of aging on female fertility, as the results indicated a significant decrease in the levels of Growth Hormone (GH) and High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) at a probability level of (P ≤ 0.01) with the lowest hormone levels found in the Age 3 group compared to the control group. The results also showed a significant increase in the levels of Leptin, FSH, LH, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-VLDL), and Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) at a probability level of (P ≤ 0.01) compared to the control group

Identification of Chromosomal Alternations in Parents and Their Products of Conceptions with Recurrent Miscarriage in Mosul []


Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more pregnancies losses occurring before 20 weeks of gestation and affecting 1-3% of the couples. Chromosomal abnormalities, uterine defects, thrombophilia, immunological factors, endocrine and metabolic factors are the known risk factors involved in the causation of recurrent pregnancy loss in 50% of the cases. The current study was carried out at the labs of the Al-Batool teaching hospital, after obtaining approval from the Ministry of Health (Nineveh Health Directorate) to collect samples from the date ([1/Nov/2022- 30/June/2023). samples were collected from the peripheral blood for 40 couples with recurrent pregnancy loss as patient group and 2 healthy couples with no fetal loss as a control group, and 40 samples of their products of conception after dilation and curettage from the mothers with RPL to detection of chromosomal alternations. 40 couples with recurrent pregnancy loss (80 samples) founded that 4 cases (10%) of abnormality chromosomes, which are in 2 males (5%) & 2 females (5%). Additionally, 2 couples (4 samples) as control group which were normal karyotype. Also have studied 40 samples of product of conception (POC) immediately after miscarriage and found 35 sample (87.5%) with no metaphase which were excluded, 3 samples (7.5%) were clumped and 2 samples (5%) have get metaphase and karyotyped.

Blade by Design: A Comprehensive Study on the Aerodynamics and Structural Aspects of Wind Turbine Blades []


In the face of climate change and pressing energy demands, wind energy emerges as a critical pillar of a sustainable future. In this research paper, we focus on wind turbine blade design, exploring how shape, structure, and environmental factors influence energy capture and overall performance. We also break down fundamental aerodynamic principles dictating wind turbine performance, analyzing lift, drag, and airflow patterns across different wind speeds and levels of turbulence. Existing aerodynamic models are critically examined, allowing for potential enhancements to capture real-world complexities. Material selection and engineering techniques are inspected for their impact on blade durability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, optimized blade designs for different environmental conditions are considered, allowing for a better understanding of design variables. The extent to which adaptable blades responsive to changing wind conditions will enhance turbine reliability and lifespan is scrutinized. Finally, accurate and predictive aerodynamic models are presented, allowing for more realistic simulations of turbine behavior. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to a cleaner global energy landscape, mitigating climate change and improving energy security.

Free Education Policy and Quality Education: A Case Study of Kasama District of Northern Province, Zambia. []


Education is believed to be a cornerstone in alleviating poverty and as such international communities as well as governments have advocated for free education for all. In line with the aspirations to accord education access to all children in Zambia, the current government administration pronounced the free education policy which targets children from primary to secondary level. In view of this, the purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of free education policy on provision of quality education in Kasama district of Northern Province in Zambia. The study employed a mixed method approach in which both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. A case study descriptive research design was used in the study in which primary data was collected from education standard officers, head teachers, teachers and learners using interviews, semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion. Microsoft excel was used as a data analysis in which data was analyzed thematically and descriptively. Findings were presented using frequency tables, figures, graphs, pie-charts and text narration. The findings revealed that funding and teaching and learning materials under free education policy were inadequate, which in turn negatively affected the provision of quality education in Kasama district. The study further revealed that class size under free education policy had become large thereby increasing the number of pupils per class and subsequent teacher-pupil ratio. The findings revealed that majority of the teachers had more than 3 streams of classes and had more than 50 pupils per class. The large class size as a result of increased enrolment under free education negatively affects provision of quality education according to the findings. The study concludes that free education policy negatively affects provision of quality education in Kasama district due to inadequate funding, inadequate availability of teaching and learning materials, increased class size due to increased enrolment and poor classroom environment due to increased class size. The study therefore recommends that the government should increase the allocation of funding towards free education policy. Increasing funding will result in adequate teaching and learning materials and employment of many teachers, which in turn will result in more schools and classrooms being built and reduction in class size and teacher pupil ratio.

AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME SELECTED AREAS IN ELEME, PORT HARCOURT RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA. []


This study focuses on air quality monitoring at Eleme Area of Portharcourt in order to determine the concentration level of air pollutants present in the atmosphere and the level of exposure to plants, animals, and humans. Air pollutants from Onne, Alesa and Akpajo was analyzed and monitored for a period of three (3) weeks. The result showed high concentration of CO at ONNE (51.4ppm), ALESA (44.09ppm) and AKPAJO (31.11ppm) while the control point GRA showed a low concentration of 14.08ppm. VOCs showed high concentration at ONNE (10.36ppm) while lower concentrations were observed at ALESA (0.66ppm), AKPAJO (0.31ppm) with GRA (0.093ppm). High concentration of NO2 was observed at AKPAJO (0.23ppm) with lower concentrations at ALESA (0.047ppm), ONNE (0.048ppm) and GRA (0.087ppm). PM2.5 was discovered to be high at ONNE (5.57ppm) and GRA (4.11ppm) while lower concentration was observed at ALESA (0.028ppm) and AKPAJO (2.23ppm). PM10 was more concentrated at GRA (5.67ppm) with low concentration at ALESA (2.605ppm), ONNE (2.28ppm) and AKPAJO (0.034ppm). Results indicated that host communities were exposed to moderate to high concentrations of volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide which may adversely aggravate health conditions under prolonged exposure in these communities.

CONTRIBUTION OF NINE YEARS BASIC EDUCATION (9YBE) PROGRAM ON THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION FOR ALL (EFA). A CASE OF KICUKIRO DISTRICT, RWANDA []


This paper explored the contribution of 9YBE to the process of EFA in Kicukiro District. Specifically, it attempted to determine the extent to which the objectives of 9YBE program contributes to the education system for all in public day secondary schools in Kicukiro District, to analyze the implementation of 9YBE program to the process of education for all in public day secondary schools in Kicukiro District. The study used descriptive survey design. The 315 respondents were targeted to participate in this study. Those were 8Headteachers, 164 students, 95 teachers and 95 parents. The study utilized questionnaires and interview schedules as instruments for data collection. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Findings of the study were presented using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results of the study showed that the objectives of 9YBE program contributes to the education system for all in public day secondary as agreed by 67.2%, but also findings indicated that the implementation of 9YBE affects the process of EFA as agreed by 73.8%. The regression analysis results show that 9YBE is significantly correlated with the process of Education for All (EFA) at 65.1%. The study therefore recommends that more teachers should be employed to reduce the increased teachers` workload so that teachers can effectively attend to students. More funds should also be allocated to schools by the government to procure more teaching-learning resources.