Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Modeling the volatility of the Moroccan All Shares index M.A.S.I with ARMA Model: Within the Covid-19 pandemic. []


Since the appearance of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, the whole world had been experienced economic and financial damage, and since it did not spare Morocco, the aim of this work is to examine if the volatility of the benchmark index of Casablanca Stock Exchange MASI was affected by the health crisis. To achieve this, we adopted a quantitative approach by using a model that will help us explaining the volatility. Indeed, the data collected will be examined using the Autoregressive–moving-average model (ARMA) under EViews. The results can conclude that the pandemic influenced negatively the volatility of the Moroccan All Shares Index.

Assessment of nutritional security, utilization of locally available foods and knowledge on balanced diet: “The evidence from Songwe region in the Southern highlands of Tanzania []


The present study assess the gap in nutritional security knowledge by looking on some set indicators such as knowledge on balanced diet, food utilization habit and presence of home garden as a cheap and easy access to nutritious food at household level. A quota sampling technique was used to obtain 12 villages out of 18 within the Songwe District. A sample size of 456 households was obtained using systematic random sampling method. Both structures questionnaire and cheque list were used to gather information on food utilization habit, knowledge on balanced diet availability of home garden. About 57.7% of the interviewed households’ representative was female and 42.3% male. Level of knowledge on balanced diet indicated 16% scored excellent, 12.7% good, 23% average, 15.8% poor and 32.5% failed based on the Likert scale of 1-5 (Fig. 1). It was also found that there is limited vegetable home garden and fruit trees which could make nutritious food affordable and accessible at household level as indicated in Table 2 &4 below. There is also inadequate consumption of vegetable and fruits as nutritionally enriched foods among the surveyed households as shown in Table 3 and 5.

THE COMPOUNDING EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING ON SME GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA []


It is impossible to overstate the significance of small and medium-sized businesses (also known as SMEs) in our day-to-day lives. Small and medium-sized businesses are what eventually make our everyday lives easier, as well as what drive the economy of a nation and strongly influence the economy on a massive level. Thus the growth of SMEs is very important to the economy and well-being of the country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the growth and development of SMEs and the strategic management practices of Small and medium enterprises in South West Nigeria. The paper explores the role of Corporate Governance, strategic planning and corporate social responsibility on the growth of SMEs. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was owners and employees of Small and medium enterprises operating in southwestern Nigeria. A sample size of 460 SMEs owners and employees was chosen using a stratified random sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the Statistical Package for Social science (SPSS) as a tool of analysis. The study enhances entrepreneurs' comprehension of business performance, planning, and growth during the initial phases of small business formation. Findings from the study offer knowledge that specialists in strategic and crisis management, as well as those who create business strategies and planning processes, will find useful.

THE ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF FETAL PARAMETERS USING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PREDICTIVE MEDICAL SYSTEM []


This thesis “Development of an artificial intelligence predictive medical system for analysis and prediction of fetal parameters” was motivated by the high rate of fetal loss in Nigeria which mostly occurs as a result of wrong medical predictive system. To solve this problem, software that will identify the fetal parameters that predicts the gestational age was developed. The new model will be a hybrid model. It will combine the Nägele’s Rule and Mittendorf Rule to predict the foetal parameter. The new model will take the average of the two models as the predicted date of delivery. In this new system, it is noteworthy to name some ways of determining gestational age based on Last Menstrual Period (LMP). Therefore the proposed model will be a combination of the two model taking average of the number of days to be added to the LMP. This will be used to determine the Expected Date of Delivery in the new system designed. A platform for solving complication problems due to low and excessive birth weights at delivery by accurately estimating fetal parameters (Fetal Weight, Fetal Age, Conception Date, and Delivery Date) was implemented. This was implemented using externally generated data by combining the independent information about fetal size obtained from the three different approaches (i.e, clinical examination, quantitative assessment of maternal characteristics, ultrasonographic fetal biometry). Expert system methodology and Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) were adopted in the design of the predictive system. The new system allows the patients to access their antenatal visit records from any internet access point and the software developed helps physicians to accurately estimate the gestational age of the fetus and hence provide a support tool for estimating Gestation Age and to establish accuracy indicators that will provide tolerances for its later use in growth and health evaluation.

Age-Invariant Face Recognition: A Literature Review []


Facial aging, a new of the problem of face recognition, poses theoretical and practical challenges to the computer vision research community. There is growing interest in achieving age-invariant face recognition because of its broad applications. The main challenge lies in facial aging being quite a complicated process that involves both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Facial aging also influences individual facial components (e.g., the mouth, eyes, and nose) in different ways. Numerous research efforts in the past decade have attempted to address the facial aging problem, using a variety of approaches. In this study, we review the research efforts and studies by the computer vision community that have addressed the facial aging problem and its influence on the face recognition task. We examine the facial aging process and its influence on changing facial features from a physiological perspective, as well as the challenges involved in modelling such changes to build an efficient face recognition system. Three-dimensional (3D) face modelling and computational modelling approaches and techniques are illustrated, along with the proposed systems related to them. Moreover, the most recently proposed systems, which have been built upon both generative and non-generative approaches, are examined in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of each proposed system are discussed as part of a comparison of these two approaches. The results achieved by the proposed age-invariant face recognition systems using these two different approaches are reported in term of recognition RANK-1 accuracy. We also provide a brief description of the publicly available face aging databases, including the FGNET, MORPH, and FERET databases. The aim of this study is to present the advances in the field of age-invariant face recognition in the last ten years to provide a clearer vision of the challenges that require further research and the possible solutions to these challenges.

INFLUENCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE SUCCESS OF AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS. A CASE OF HORTINVEST PROJECT IN MUHANGA DISTRICT, RWANDA (2017-2021) []


The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of Project Management Practices on the success of Agricultural projects, case of HortInvest Project in Muhanga District during the period of 2017 until 2021. In conducting this research, four objectives were laid out; to investigate the influence of project risk management on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga District, to determine the influence of project communication on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga District, to examine the influence of project planning on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga District, and to evaluate the influence of project stakeholder management on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga District. Both descriptive and correlational research designs were applied. To achieve the study objectives, literature was reviewed on the subject matter, and the data were collected from 140 respondents including beneficiaries working with HortInvest project; private companies funded by HortInvest project, HortInvest project’s staff and stakeholders. A questionnaire, interview, and documentation were used as instruments of data collection. Pilot test was used for determination of reliability and validity of data collection instruments. Close ended questionnaires were used for generation of quantitative data. The analysis of Quantitative data involved the usage of Stata 16. Frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and percentages were inclusive in descriptive statistics. Inferential data analysis was done using multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that project risk management had a significant influence on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga district (p= 0.000) and that project communication had a significant influence on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga district (p=0.004). Moreover, the study indicated also that project planning had a significant influence on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga district (p=0.000). Finally, the findings indicated that project stakeholder management had a significant influence on the success of HortInvest project in Muhanga district (p=0.009). From the study findings, there is a huge influence on applying correctly various practices of project management prior and during the implementation of projects, because this will eventually lead to the success of projects. Hence the study recommends project managers, particularly those working on agricultural projects, to apply various project management practices such as project risk management, project communication, project planning, and project stakeholder management to ensure project success.

FRAUD DETECTION IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS USING PENTAGON FRAUD ANALYSIS (EMPIRICAL STUDY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2017-2020): A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


As many as 51% of people felt their organization encountered more forms of financial fraud during the pandemic, and 71% of people agreed that the pandemic made the level of impact of fraud that occurred even greater than before. The magnitude of losses caused by financial statement fraud, especially in the manufacturing sector, is still fairly difficult to uncover. This quantitative study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of fraud determinants in the fraud pentagon on financial statement fraud in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia.

Factors associated with patients long waiting time in Emergency Care Department at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali-Rwanda []


ABSTRACT Background Long waiting times for patients to be seen by health care providers in accident and emergency departments (AED) is a worldwide problem including Rwanda hospitals especially at University teaching Hospital of Kigali and it is associated with morbidity and mortality thus affecting quality of health care. The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali-Rwanda AED still records poor patient’s outcomes and complains as well as lengthy waiting time. These might make patients to doubt the quality of health care services being provided. More so, there is limited existing literature exploring factors/characteristics of patients in the whole AED of UTHK of Rwanda to guide in the enactment of evidence based solutions towards overcoming the problems of patients within this department. The objective of this study was to measure waiting time and identify factors associated with long patient waits in AEDs at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (UTHK). Methods: This cross-sectional study used observational checklist and semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Three hundred and seventy-six participants, at least 18 years and older, from the AED participated in this study. Using STATA version 13, bivariate analysis and logistic regression models were performed to indicate the statistical significance, strength and direction of associations. We used a P value <0.05 for significant variables with odds ratio 95% confidence interval. The study was approved by the University of Rwanda and the UTHK ethical review boards. Results: In this study, 51% (193) of respondents were women, 18% (68) were between 50 and 59 years old, and 61% (230) were not satisfied with services provided at the AED due to long waiting time. Factors found associated with patient long waiting time were resident in the Northern and Western provinces {(OR: 11.48, 95% CI: 2.37-55.58), (OR: 30.49, 95% CI: 3.53-263.37)} and being diagnosed with gastrointestinal disease (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 1.18-14.58). The overall patients waiting times for study participants indicates that nearly 62% (225) spent between 60 and 180 minutes waiting for hospital services at the AED. Conclusion: We studied patient long waiting time within the AED of UTHK. Factors found to be associated to patient waiting time were patient satisfaction, poor patients’ outcome like morbidity and mortality, increase staff frustration and chances of exposing staff to patient violence. Efforts should be focus on patients coming from the Northern and Western provinces as well as those diagnosed with gastrointestinal disease to better outcomes. Keywords: Emergency care, quality improvement, patient satisfaction, and waiting time.

THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD, NON-PHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND WORK TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PERSONAL SECRETARY WITH OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AND JOB SATISFACTION AS MEDIATORS IN THE INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF MANPOWER: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


Employee performance will be optimal if an organization can design a reasonable workload, healthy work environment, and increased employee capabilities through various trainings. This also applies to a private secretary job at the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower. A job as a private secretary has a high workload and work goals because the workload and work goals are directly proportional to those of the leader. The concepts of occupational health and safety and job satisfaction also play a role in creating optimal performance. This quantitative study aims to determine the effect of workload, non-physical work environment, and work training on the performance of private secretaries with occupational safety and health and job satisfaction as mediators at the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower.

THE INFLUENCE OF PRICE, PRODUCT QUALITY, AND SERVICE QUALITY ON THE BRAND IMAGE OF JD.ID, MEDIATED BY PROMOTION: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


JD.id's achievements as the number one marketplace for consumers' choice and the most visited marketplace in 2017 are declining. Even though JD.id has used various sales promotion tools, JD.id's ranking continues to decline to rank four and nine in 2019 and 2021. From a consumer's point of view, brand image is often used as an indicator in determining what to choose. Factors influencing brand image include product quality, service quality, promotion, and price. This quantitative study examines the influence of price, product quality, and service quality on brand image mediated by promotion at JD.id.

THE INFLUENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEMS AND WORKLOAD ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY WORK STRESS AT PARTNERS OF JAKARTA'S OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CENTER: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


Performance is an outcome of employees based on processes, results, and work attitudes within a certain period by consider-ing several factors, namely occupational safety and health, workload, and work stress. Jakarta’s Occupational Health and Safety Centre (Mitra Balai Besar K3 Jakarta) has the main task and function of providing protection to the workforce. However, it was found that there were complaints from several employees regarding the OHS program, demands of employees to be able to work in short working hours with inappropriate work given, as well as feelings of stress and pressure in carrying out their work. This quantitative study aims to determine the effect of the occupational safety and health system and workload on employee performance which is mediated by work stress at Jakarta’s Occupational Health and Safety Centre.

EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR, HUMAN EPIDERMAL RECEPTOR AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN 53 IN PROSTATE CARCINOMA ON ARCHIVAL TISSUES AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN KENYA. []


Background: Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is the leading cancer among middle and elderly men worldwide accounting for 15% of all cancer cases and 6.6% of all cancer associated-deaths in men. Several genes and receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PCa. The androgen receptor (AR), Human epidermal growth receptor (HER2/neu), and Tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) genes are among the most important genes regulating PCa pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining patterns of these gene products has been associated with different therapeutic and prognostic outcomes. Loss of expression of AR marker is associated with poor prognosis while overexpression of HER2/neu and p53 markers is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of AR, p53 and HER2/neu expression in PCa in Kenyan men and to describe their association with other prognostic factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study determining the PCa IHC on archival simple prostatectomy specimens at a tertiary faith-based health facility in Kenya. Tissue blocks (n=210) were retrieved, sectioned and stained using standard IHC protocols for AR, HER2/neu and p53 proteins. The slides were examined using light microscopy and IHC staining characteristics recorded. Results: This study showed that 34.8% of the PCa were AR negative, 4.5% had HER2/neu over-expression while 19.7% of the cases showed p53 protein over-expression. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that Gleason score ≥8 was associated with lower odds for AR expression (OR, 0.109; 95% CI, 0.019-0.621; P=0.013). p53 expression was associated with a lack of PNI (OR, 0.157; 95% CI, 0.032-0.778; P=0.023). Conclusions: The findings showed high percentage of AR negative PCa. The AR is presently a pharmaceutical target in the management of PCa. Also, surgical castration in advanced PCa targets androgen production. This study indicates that 34.8% of the PCa cases were androgen independent or insensitive and therefore not responsive to androgen therapy. Just like in breast cancer, hormonal receptor status analysis might become standard of care in management of PCa. Key words: Prostate carcinoma, Pathology, Immunohistochemistry, Androgen receptor (AR), Human epidermal growth receptor (HER2/neu), Tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53), archival tissue.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERMENTED FEEDS ON THE GROWTH OF Tubifex sp. WORMS BIOMASS []


This study aims to determine the type of fermented feed that provides the best biomass growth for silk worms (Tubifex sp.). This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) model using four treatments and three replications. The treatment used was fermented feed from mustard leaves, jackfruit seeds, tilapia fish waste and fish pellets. Tubifex sp. worms maintained for 14 days. Parameters observed included biomass growth and FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) of Tubifex sp. as well as water quality. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the growth of Tubifex sp. worm biomass. the highest occurred in the fermented fish feed treatment, which was equal to 1.69 g, while the lowest occurred in those fed fermented mustard greens. The lowest FCR value occurred in Tubifex sp. which was given fermented fish feed, which was equal to 1.38 and the highest was in the fermented mustard greens treatment with a value of 1.69. Water quality in Tubifex sp. culture media. is within the normal range, i.e. Fermented feed does not produce quality within the normal range, namely temperature 24.1 – 24.4oC, DO 2.41 – 2.63 mg/L, pH 6.51 – 7.16 and NH3 levels 0.057- 0.061mg/L. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of fermented fish pellet feed is the most effective for triggering the growth of Tubifex sp. worms more efficiently and has no effect on the water quality of the culture media. Keywords: Fish feed, fermentation, growth, Tubifex sp.

Insight into Medieval Europe Crusaders, Dukes & Craftsmen Case study of the Dahnsdorf Church, Brandenburg []


The state of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany is rich in its Romanesque heritage, that dates back to the date of its annexation to the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th century. It also lies on the “TRANSROMANICA” network of routes through Europe. TRANSROMANICA connects the common Romanesque heritage across nine European countries: Germany, Austria, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Slovakia, Serbia and Romania. Along the route, visitors can find the cultural heritage that belong to this era which represents the period of time after the fall of the Roman empire. During this time new states began to emerge, and new cultures began to flourish. These states were the foundation of Medieval Europe. Dahnsdorf village church is probably the oldest and most impressive one of the Flaming mountain range, it bears witness to the Medieval style and craftsmanship in the building profession, as it has survived without destruction, and with only minor changes, to our present day. The village and the church were first mentioned in 1227 A.D., when the village was donated to the Teutonic order of knights, which adds a special historical value to the church that served as a command station for the order for about 500 years. It lies on the intersection of Politics, History, Geography and Architecture, and presents an interesting insight into the origins of this region of present time Germany.

INFLUENCE OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, AND MOTIVATION ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES INSPECTORATE OF SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE []


This study aims to determine and analyze influence of good corporate governance, motivation, and organizational culture on the performance of government employees Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data analysis method used is the quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis, and the test tools used are the F test and the t test. The samples taken in this study amounted to 54 people. Testing research instruments using validity and reliability tests. The research results found that Good Corporate Governance, motivation, and organizational culture simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. So better the increase in Good Corporate Governance, motivation, and organizational culture, will improve the performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Good Corporate Governance partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. So the better increase in Good Corporate Governance, the better performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Motivation partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. So the better increase in motivation, the better performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Organizational culture partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province. So the better increase in organizational culture, the better performance civil servant Inspectorate of Southeast Sulawesi Province.

EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING ON SALES AND PROFIT []


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of advertising on sales and profitability of an organization. There was a vast amount of literature that was read on the topic, which not only showed that advertising does affect sales and profit but also that effective advertising strategies are continuously changing due to technology and globalization. The quantitative research design was adopted in this research and a questionnaire was used to collect all the necessary data. A total of 20 respondents participated in the closed ended questionnaire. The findings and results of this research show that indeed advertising plays a huge role in increasing sales and profitability of a company.

NEEDLES STICK AND SHARPS INJURIES AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS AT SOS HOSPITAL IN HELIWA DISTRICT, MOGADISHU SOMALIA []


Background: Out of 35.7 million healthcare workers, about 3 million experience percutaneous exposure to infectious diseases each year. 37.6% of hepatitis B, 39% of hepatitis C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in healthcare workers around the world were due to needle stick injuries. Objective: This study aimed to determine the occurrence of needle sticks and sharps injuries and their associated factors among healthcare workers at SOS hospital. Methodology: This institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 amongst healthcare workers at SOS hospital, Mogadishu- Somalia. The study recruited two hundred and ten hospital staff at SOS hospital who are exposed to needle stick injuries, excluding the administrative; therefore, our sample size was those two hundred and ten hospital staff at SOS hospital. Data have been collected using purposive sampling with a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Analytical methods used: The data were analyzed using SPSS. Association was determined using logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Associations were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: This study reveals an occurrence of needle stick/sharp injury of 25.7% at the SOS Hospital, Mogadishu. Even though the male participants, 116(55.8%), were slightly higher than female participants 94(44.8%). Males were almost 0.16 times more likely to be exposed to needle sticks and sharp injuries than females. (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.76- 0.365). (P-value 0.001). Conclusion: NSIs are a potentially serious threat to healthcare workers exposing them to the risk of acquiring blood-borne pathogens through sharps or instruments. This study reveals occurrence was 25.7% among healthcare workers in SOS hospital. The factors influencing needle stick and sharps injuries were found to be the worker’s gender, categories of work or occupation, marital status, and protective equipment. However, the gender of the healthcare workers during the study was found to be associated with the prevalence of needle sticks and sharp injuries. Male was almost one time more likely to be exposed to needle stick and sharp injuries compared to Female. It is recommended that SOS hospital management and other hospitals provide protective equipment and safe medical devices to minimize needle stick and sharps injuries. In addition to adequate training of HCWs regarding the safe use and disposal of needles, post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination will reduce NSI.

COMPARATIVE RESEACH OF THE STEPPED TRAININGS IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF MONGOLIA []


In the 84 universities of Mongolia, there are 19 forms of stepped trainings and it demands to research the arrangement of stepped trainings. The Mongolian education system has 5 forms stepped trainings that have 2-6 steps.

Investigating the outcomes of organisational restructuring: a case study of Oman's public sector []


The Omani authorities started to implement Oman vision 2040 after the new era. The government began reorganising and structuring several ministries as a reflection of the new cost reduction policies and resisting global financial catastrophe. The research shows the outcomes of the Omani organisation restructuring in their departments, the relationship between corporate restructuring and employees satisfaction, and the Omani government workers' perception of the current governmental restricting. The research provides a recent reaction to this restructuring and fills the gap of the absence of data and information on the consequences of the Omani governmental reorganisation. Quantitative data is used to analyse through an online questionnaire as a research instrument with the help of secondary data to show the outcomes of this restructuring. The sample is taken from one of the restructured departments; non-probability sampling is used with the help of the judgemental sampling technique. The research reveals weak Omani media coverage of the plans for the restructuring, the increase in early retirement among The Omani public sector workers, management conflicts inside the merged departments, and the decrease in the number of new employments in the Omani public sector and the remain of the traditional formal management style after the renewal of the government structure.

AN APPLICATION OF STOCHASTIC MODEL IN CRUDE OIL SPILLAGE AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION []


Crude oil was first discovered in the Niger Delta in large commercial quantities in 1956. Since then, oil drilling has continued, resulting in what is known as environmental degradation, as a result of the multinational companies' indifference and hostile attitude toward environmental management in the region. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the environmental impacts of crude oil spills by examining the harm they do to farmlands. Finding out how frequently oil has leaked into agricultural land in one of Delta State's oil-producing districts was the aim of the study. The frequency of crude oil spills and how they impacted crop productivity were evaluated on small-scale commercial farmers. The method of ratio estimation was employed to analyze the collected data. The result indicated that 20% of farmlands are currently damaged by oil spills, according to the study's estimates, demonstrating the considerable harm that oil spillage causes to farmland. An estimate of over N1.16m in economic loss occurs annually as a result of farmland contamination brought on by local crude oil spills. Keywords: environmental statistics Crude oil spillage, agricultural production, environmental degradation, ratio estimation, Niger Delta