Volume 13, Issue 3, March 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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L’impact du Cinéma dans l’enseignement du FLE au Maroc : Cas de l’oral au cycle secondaire qualifiant []


L’article vise l’analyse du rôle que peut jouer le cinéma dans l’apprentissage du Français Langue Etrangère (FLE) pour des lycéens marocains. Dans une étude comparative, à la fois quantitative et qualitative, entre deux groupes d’apprenants et en deux différentes situations d’apprentissage: après le visionnement d’un court-métrage et sans recours au support cité. L’article porte sur la vérification d’une éventuelle amélioration au niveau des interactions et de la motivation des apprenants en en activité orale, leur engagement à travers des prises de position, et finalement la compréhension d’un « Véritable français » en situation de communication grâce à un document audiovisuel authentique.

FOLLOWING TO COMMANDING: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY []


This study explored the factors influencing Registered Criminologists' decision to join the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and their experience during the application process. Using a phenomenological research design, the study conducted in-depth interviews with six (6) Registered Criminologists who are graduates of Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) and AFP members. Data were collected through personal and online interviews, with mobile phones used to record the conversations. The study revealed that the primary factors motivating participants to join the AFP were childhood aspirations and available opportunities. Registered Criminologists and Advanced ROTC graduates benefit from priority access and higher rank during the AFP enlistment process. Key skills that were beneficial in their AFP roles included command skills, investigative traits, and academic knowledge. Participants also noted that mental toughness was critical in their current AFP roles. The study concluded that criminology extends beyond traditional roles in the PNP, BFP, and BJMP, offering broader career opportunities for criminology graduates. It recommends that criminology students explore various career paths aligned with their interests and not just focus on Tri-Bureau agencies. The Criminology Department should provide students with guidance on alternative professions and help broaden their understanding of career options. The study also suggests creating programs, such as an informative video titled “Civilian to Military Character,” to help students make informed career choices and reduce the risk of unemployment.

How Organizational Culture, Moderate the Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises []


ABSTRACT It is imperative that SMEs establish the necessary frameworks to implement succession planning in order to support the sustainability of their businesses and guarantee business continuity. The goal was to ascertain whether succession planning had an impact on the sustainability of SMEs by utilizing organizational culture as a moderating factor and leadership styles as a mediating factor. The study used a quantitative approach in an explanatory research format to investigate the causal analysis of succession planning in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. Structured equation modelling was used to analyze 207 valid quantitative data that made up the study's sample population. Stratified random sampling was the method used for sampling. The research presented an empirical framework for investigating the theoretical relationship delineated in existing literature. The application of hypothesis served to validate this. The final results showed that the relationship between leadership style and small- and medium-sized enterprise sustainability can be moderated by organizational culture. According to the study, organizational culture has a significant impact on the sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs should regularly evaluate their culture and modify their leadership approaches to guarantee continued alignment because culture is dynamic and it evolves.

Effect of intra-row spacing and DAP application rates combination on bush bean growth and grain yield in Nyagatare district []


Fertilizer rate and spacing are among the major factors affecting bean yield. There are no specific recommendations on optimum fertilizer rates and spacing for bush beans in various agro-ecological regions of Nyagatare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of intra-row spacing and DAP application rates on bush beans growth and yield in Nyagatare district. The experiment was a set up as 2×2 factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The first factor was fertilizer rate with two levels (100kg DAP ha-1 and 125 kg DAP ha-1). The second factor was intra-row spacing with two levels (20X45cm and 25x45cm). Treatments were replicated three times. The results of this study showed that there was the variability in mean performance on five characters recorded: Germination rate, fresh plant biomass, number of pods/plant, 100 grain weight and grain yield. The fertilizer rate of 125 kg DAP/ha with 25x45cm has produced the highest mean value for all characters and 100kg DAP/ ha gave the lowest mean performance among the recorded parameters. Fertilizer rate and spacing also showed highly significant difference mean squares (p=0.05 and p=0.01) for four parameters measured (fresh plant biomass, number of pods per plant, 100grain weight and grain yield).

Sujet : Représentation de mise en place des chefs des sous-divisions de l’éducation par le personnel (Enquête menée dans les sous-divisions de l’éducation en milieu urbain et rural de la Province de la Tshopo en R.D.C de 2017 à 2024). []


The instalment of Sub diisions in educational system has to take into account the competence and performance as the main criterium. Therefore, this study shows that informal criteria are taken into account, rather foemal ones , such as political recommandations and tribalism.

THE IMPACT OF WORKLOAD ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SHIP PILOTING MEDIATED BY WORK FATIGUE AND WORK STRESS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


This study explores the impact of workload, fatigue, and stress on the productivity of ship pilots in Indonesia, specifically at PT. Pelindo Jasa Maritim Regional 2 Tanjung Priok Port. Recent data shows a decline in pilot productivity from 1452 ships in 2023 to 1288 ships in 2024, linked to high workloads and stress. Previous research has highlighted how workload and fatigue negatively affect performance, with stress being a significant contributor to reduced productivity. The aim of this research is to understand the relationships between these variables and their impact on ship pilots' efficiency. The findings will provide insights into strategies for improving productivity and well-being among ship pilots. Keywords Workload, Productivity, Work Fatigue, Work Stress, Conceptual Model.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK FATIGUE IN THE IMPACT OF WORK-LOAD AND WORK STRESS ON PERFORMANCE (CASE STUDY: PT. MAKARA JAYA MARINE): A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


PT. Makara Jaya Marine, a marine & offshore engineering consultant, has seen a decline in employee performance from 94.6 in 2021 to 90.2 in 2023, alongside an increase in work fatigue from 72.86% to 83.54%, and more clinic visits, signaling issues with work conditions and employee well-being. Research has shown that high workload and work stress contribute significantly to fatigue, which negatively impacts performance. The increase in work fatigue, combined with stress, further decreases job efficiency and productivity. This study aims to explore how workload, work stress, and work fatigue interconnect and affect employee performance at PT. Makara Jaya Marine, to identify strategies for improving productivity and well-being. Keywords Work Fatigue, Workload, Work Stress, Performance, Conceptual Model.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK MOTIVATION IN THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP AND DISCIPLINE ON PERFORMANCE (CASE STUDY: PT. MAKARA JAYA MARINE): A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


PT. Makara Jaya Marine, a marine & offshore engineering consultant, experienced a decline in employee performance from 94.6 in 2021 to 90.2 in 2023, along with decreasing motivation and productivity. Research indicates that leadership, discipline, and motivation significantly influence performance, with effective leadership positively impacting motivation and, consequently, performance. As the performance of the Rawasi tugboat crew deteriorates, it highlights the critical need for improved leadership, discipline, and motivation to prevent operational inefficiencies and safety risks. This study aims to explore how leadership and discipline affect performance, with motivation acting as a mediating variable, to improve employee performance and organizational outcomes. Keywords Leadership, Work Discipline, Performance, Work Motivation, Conceptual Model.

THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT STRATEGY AND PROMOTION STRATEGY ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR AT PT. PANCARAN WIJAYA KEMINDO: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


Customer loyalty is a key factor in marketing strategy, fostering long-term relationships that drive repeat purchases and referrals, thereby increasing market share and profitability. Customer satisfaction significantly impacts loyalty, especially when service quality and company policies align with consumer expectations, though factors like trust and external variables can also play a role. Product strategy, including consistent quality and innovation, strengthens customer relationships and loyalty. This research seeks to explore how product and promotion strategies, combined with customer satisfaction, influence customer loyalty, offering valuable insights for enhancing long-term customer relationships in the competitive chemical distribution industry. Keywords Product Strategy, Promotion Strategy, Customer Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction, Conceptual Model.

THE IMPACT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND COMPENSATION ON PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR AT PT JALUR ANUGERAH INDONESIA: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


PT Jalur Anugerah’s performance index declined from 85 in 2021 to 75 in 2023, attributed to factors like an unsupportive work environment and non-competitive compensation policies. Literature highlights that a positive work environment and fair compensation are essential in boosting employee performance, as they foster motivation and job satisfaction. The research aims to examine how these factors influence performance and emphasizes the importance of job satisfaction in mediating these relationships. Keywords Work Environment, Compensation, Job Satisfaction, Performance, Conceptual Model.

THE IMPACT OF LEARNING QUALITY AND INSTRUCTOR COMPETENCE ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT WITH LEARNING SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR AT PIP SEMARANG: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


The average learning achievement score at Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran (PIP) Semarang has declined from 73.74 in 2021 to 61.33 in 2023, indicating challenges in the effectiveness of the training programs. Previous research highlights that learning satisfaction, instructor competence, and the quality of learning contribute significantly to student achievement. Given the need to improve educational outcomes and better prepare students for the maritime industry, this research seeks to explore how these factors influence the overall learning achievement at PIP Semarang. Keywords Learning Quality, Instructor Competence, Learning Achievement, Learning Satisfaction, Conceptual Model.

CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF ACTIVATED CHITOSAN AND FUNCTIONALIZED GROUNDNUT SHELLS AS RESPECTIVE POTENTIAL ADSORBENTS FOR REMEDIATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER []


In view of the expedition for environmental sustainability and optimum utilization of natural resources, crustacean and agricultural wastes are currently converted to cost effective and efficient biopolymer for the remediation of toxic and non-biodegradable organic species in aqueous media before disposal or reuse. In this study, respective adsorbents were produced from waste crab shell and groundnut shells by acid activation and oxygen limited carbonization methods, and characterized by SEM, BET, and FTIR techniques for their morphology, textural properties and active functional groups, respectively. The comparison of SEM micrographs revealed that groundnut shell derived biosorbent possess optimum pore, as evident by BET result (mesoporous, 2.162 nm), higher specific surface area (13 times that of activated chitosan based adsorbent) and active and oxygen-containing functional groups (OH, C-O, C=O, N-O), requisite for remediation of organic species in industrial wastewater. In view of surface area, porosity and presence of active functional groups as precursors for determining the adsorbent competency, coupled with cost effectiveness, groundnut shell based adsorbent is considered preferable over chitosan as potential remediation carrier/agent for industrial wastewater. Keywords: Biosorbent, Non-biodegradable, Organic species, Industrial, Wastewater, Remediation

Proactive and Reactive Knowledge Assessment on Fire Safety Measures: DCCP Community []


Fire has a dual nature: it can be both creative and destructive, making effective fire mitigation strategies essential in fire-prone areas. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of students and employees at Data Center College of the Philippines (DCCP) regarding fire prevention and suppression safety measures, as well as the factors influencing their level of knowledge. The research employed a mixed-method approach, utilizing an explanatory sequential design. This approach collected and analyzed both quantitative data, with a total of 459 respondents (374 students and 85 employees), and qualitative data, with 9 participants. Weighted mean and thematic analysis were used to interpret and analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that students and employees of DCCP possess a high level of knowledge regarding fire safety measures, demonstrating strong knowledge in fire prevention and good knowledge in fire suppression. The factors influencing their high level of knowledge include education, training, and self-awareness. Based on the research findings, the researchers proposed a strategic plan titled "Safe School is Our Desire, Prevention, and Suppression is Self-enforced," aimed at continuously enhancing fire safety practices within the DCCP community to maintain and further develop their fire safety knowledge.

District Leaders in Gulu, Arua, and Yumbe Commit to Reducing Teenage Pregnancy and Improving SRHR []


Current SRHR Challenges in the Districts Gulu District Located in the Acholi sub-region, Gulu has made notable progress in advancing SRHR. However, the district still faces high rates of teenage pregnancy, maternal mortality, and HIV/AIDS. According to the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016, the teenage pregnancy rate in Gulu was 24%, rising to 26% as per the District Health Information System (DHIS2) data of January 2025, significantly above the national average. Arua District In the West Nile region, Arua grapples with high rates of child marriage, teenage pregnancy, and maternal mortality. A 2020 study found that one in four girls in Arua becomes pregnant before the age of 18, exacerbating school dropout rates and economic vulnerability. Yumbe District Yumbe, which hosts a large refugee population, faces unique SRHR challenges. The district records high teenage pregnancy rates, maternal mortality, and a growing HIV/AIDS burden among both host and refugee populations. Limited access to healthcare and social services further complicates the situation. Key Issues Identified During the Meeting The dialogue revealed several cross-cutting challenges affecting SRHR outcomes in these districts, including: 1.Limited Access to SRHR Services: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, a lack of youth-friendly spaces, and a shortage of skilled healthcare providers hinder service delivery. 2.Cultural, Religious, and Social Barriers: Harmful practices such as child marriage, wife/widow inheritance, and weak enforcement of protective laws perpetuate SRHR challenges. 3.Economic Hardships: Poverty and financial instability force many young girls into early marriages or transactional sex, increasing school dropout rates. 4.Lack of Awareness and Education: Many adolescents lack knowledge about contraception, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS prevention, limiting their ability to make informed choices. Opportunities for Improvement Despite these challenges, the meeting identified several opportunities to enhance SRHR outcomes: Political and District Leadership Support: The willingness of district leaders to champion SRHR initiatives provides a strong foundation for change. Community Engagement Platforms: Schools, churches, barazas, health facilities, and cultural gatherings can serve as effective avenues for SRHR awareness campaigns. Support from Development Partners: Organizations like Ipas are committed to providing technical and financial support to strengthen district-led SRHR interventions. Media Involvement: Free government radio airtime managed by the Resident District Commissioner (RDC) offices offers an avenue to disseminate SRHR information widely. Existing Legal Frameworks: Laws and policies on teenage pregnancy, child marriage, and gender-based violence (GBV) need to be actively implemented and enforced. Technology and Digital Solutions: Leveraging digital platforms can help reach young people more effectively, given their familiarity with phones and computers. Recommended Strategies to Improve SRHR To address these pressing issues, the meeting recommended the following strategies: 1.Investment in Healthcare Infrastructure: Strengthening healthcare facilities, equipping them with necessary supplies, and ensuring the availability of short-term family planning methods for sexually active adolescents. 2.Capacity Building for Healthcare Providers: Training healthcare workers on SRHR best practices to enhance service quality. 3.Community Engagement: Conducting SRHR discussions at cultural gatherings, schools, and through media campaigns to shift negative social norms. 4.Partnerships with Development Agencies: Leveraging resources and expertise from partners like Ipas to enforce laws and enact new ordinances to protect adolescents. 5.Economic Alternatives for Vulnerable Youth: Establishing vocational training programs to provide alternative livelihoods for young girls at risk of engaging in commercial sex work. 6.Increased Recruitment of Health Workers: Lobbying for the recruitment of more health professionals, creating youth-friendly spaces, and mainstreaming SRHR into district budgets.

Profiling of insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations from Kogi state, Nigeria: implication of target site and metabolic resistance mechanisms []


Abstract Background: Resistance of Anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides is an impediment to the success of malaria control programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Taking into account the emerging problem in Nigeria, this study analyzes the resistance status, both at the phenotypic and molecular levels, in major malaria vectors of the Kogi sate, in the central zone of Nigeria. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected from breeding sites across three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kogi State, Nigeria. Adult anophelines were identified morphologically and molecularly to species level using PCR. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were exposed to eight different insecticides belonging to organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroids. The kdr and iAchE, target site mutations, were analyzed using TaMan qPCR and the levels of genes associated with insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l., were analyzed using multiplex RT-qPCR assays, Results: All three major An. gambiae s.l. malaria vectors were present in the area: An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis, as previously mentioned for Nigeria. At the phenotypic level, An. gambiae sl were susceptible only to pirimiphos methyl in all the LGAs, whereas resistance to alphacypermethrin, permethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, propoxur, lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin was evident. At the molecular level, all three kdr mutations, associated with pyrethroid / DDT resistance were present with kdr L1014F at very high frequencies, and N1575Y at lower frequencies (12.9 – 20.3%). The cytochrome P450 genes CYP6M2, CYP6P4, CYP9K1 and CYP6Z1 were additionally found to be significantly upregulated (> 4.0 -folds), compared to the susceptible reference strains. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the need for constant vector monitoring in Nigeria and fro understanding insecticide resistance for better devising efficient vector control strategies.

Impact of anthropogenic pollution, microbial characterization and community structure in Spring Water of Dianong Drive, Doña Pilar Village, Sasa, Davao City, Philippines []


Water is highly important not only to us humans, but to every living organism on earth. It has always been part of our lives as one of our basic necessities. Aside from the usual water source in our own households, there were different water sources found to be useful as alternatives in response to pollution, environmental conditions, economics, water quality, climate, or population growth. One of the alternative water sources that households can use is the spring water which comes from groundwater, exists underground in an aquifer that sits at or below the earth’s natural water table. As different factors of having alternative water sources are considered to be realistic, the presence of aquatic microorganisms are also possible. These can be members of the plant kingdom, protozoa, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that can be either pathogenic or beneficial to us. The presence of microorganisms customarily affects the environment in which they grow. As such, their diversity enables them to flourish whether in cold or hot environments but also due to common sources of possible contamination owing to human activity or anthropogenic pollution. Water contaminants are considered to be detrimental and causal to the microbial community structure of the water environment. The aim of this study is to understand the importance of water, to determine presence of microbial life to water, and to evaluate the existing issues within the concerned area.

TITLE: PREVALENCE AND AWARENESS OF Rhesus (D) (RhD) NEGATIVE BLOOD GROUP AMONGST FEMALE STUDENTS OF TWO NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY; A COMPARATIVE STUDY []


Background: The Rh blood group is the highest multiform of the human blood groups system consisting of about 56 independent antigens and after the ABO, it is the most clinically burdensome in transfusion medicine. Rh D negative incompatibility has severe haemolytic effect on fetal, neonatal, maternal and blood transfusion and compatibility testing (i.e. HTR, HDN & HDFN). Understanding this prevalence and awareness among young female adults is crucial for public health, maternal, and transfusion medicine interventions in our environment. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Rh D negative blood group and the awareness level of the female students of University of Jos and JABU, in Nigeria. Materials and method: Venous blood samples were collected into plain tubes from 400 non-pregnant female students, comprising 200 from each university. Rh D typing was carried out by the Standard Tube technique using saline anti-D and albumin anti-D respectively. Results: Of the 200 samples analyzed each (from Uni-Jos and JABU) for the presence or absence of the D antigen, 11 (5.5%) were Rh D negative, while 189 (94.5%) were Rh D positive in UniJos and JABU had 5(2.5%) and 195(97.5%) Rh D negative and Rh D positive respectively. From the administered questionnaires, it was deduced that 58.0% (116)[ UniJos} and 44.5% (89) {JABU} of the study population had no prior knowledge of their Rh D status, while 42% and 55.5% knew their status. The prevalence of Rh D negative of JABU students was significantly lower than UniJos (P=.04) indicating institutional difference. Also awareness was statistically significant( P= 0.03) with JABU students having greater number of aware subjects. Conclusion: The prevalence of Rh D negative non-pregnant females in the two Universities falls within the normal range for Africans however the unawareness level is of great concern to the health burden of the country at large. Recommendation: The major blood group systems should be incorporated as a course in the general studies (GST) courses offered by the university in order to increase awareness and knowledge of the students. Further studies of this prevalence among non-pregnant females in plateau, Osun state and Nigeria at large should be carried out.

PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE OF MULTISTOREY FRAME STRUCTURES- A CRITICAL REVIEW []


This paper presents a thorough review of the progressive collapse of multistory buildings. firstly, the concept and disastrous events that led to the progressive collapse of the multistorey structure have been thoroughly examined. Analysis of progressive collapse in reinforced concrete and steel-framed multi-storey buildings under column removal scenarios in accordance with design codes were examined. The causes of gradual collapse in multistorey structures include, but are not limited to, design or construction errors, explosions, fires, traffic collisions, and seismic waves. To offer comprehensive theoretical insights, numerous design methodologies and codes have been examined, including the Alternate Load Path, Finite Element Analysis, and Applied Element Method. To prevent progressive collapse, the implementation of structural dampers and the reinforcement of beam-to-column connections are viable structural mitigation techniques to consider. Ultimately, the disastrous event of progressive collapse in multistorey buildings can be alleviated through appropriate design methods and construction adhering to the guidelines established in various design codes.

PERCEPTION OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE CITY OF BUKAVU, DEMO-CRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO []


Backgroung: The perception of mental health by the population conditions the care and social reintegration of the patient. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of mental illness in the city of Bukavu Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the urban health zone of Ibanda in the east of the Democratic Repub-lic of Congo in 3 strata, namely Mama Mwilu, Muhungu Celpa and Irambo from January to July 2018. It involved 381 respondents. Results: In total, 31% of the interviewees attributed the onset of mental illness to a traumatic event, 21% to drug use and 18% to witchcraft. Of all the interviewees, 46% recognised the mental illness by its behaviour, 57.7% maintained that mental illness is curable, that the ideal place for its management was the psychiatric centre (63.8%) or prayer (20.7%). The most educated interviewees perceived mental illness as a demonic possession three times less than the less educated interviewees. Conclusion: A large part of the population of Bukavu continues to consider mental illness to be of mystical origin. Work needs to be done to improve this perception in order to correct the way in which the illness is managed.