Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Development and Characterization of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Using Polymeric Carriers Delivery System []


Cardiac diseases are the major cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability. People are dying due to cardiac problems which include atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease. Nanotechnology definition is the science and engineering involving the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices in at least one dimension is on the nanometer scale (one-billionth of a meter). Angiogenesis involving primary vascular plexus formation, which involves differentiation of endothelial cells from in situ mesoderm-derived precursor cells by sprouting or non-sprouting process. Gene therapy makes modification of gene expression for therapeutic gain, where a “normal” gene is inserted into the genome for replacement of an “abnormal” disease-causing gene. A carrier (a vector) is used for delivery of the therapeutic gene to the target cells of patient. Naked DNA – based gene transfer is to include in DNA solution substances capable of enhancing the efficiency of DNA internalization by target cells. Gene delivery involves the ability of DNA for crossing the cell membrane, escaping from endosome, and entering the nucleus because of the DNA’s size and its negative charge. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a potent endothelial cell mitogen in vitro, and a potent permeability mediator and angiogenic growth factor in vivo. VEGF plays an important role for hypoxia-related angiogenesis occurring during wound healing, proliferative retinopathy, revascularization of ischemic areas. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is the most commonly used polymer for pharmaceutical controlled release devices. Polyester, PLGA is biodegradable and biocompatible, hydrolyzing to lactic and glycolic acid monomers. PLGA nanoparticles are potential vector for gene delivery. The comparison between fold expression in different treatments after 3, 5 and 7 days in relation to normal healthy and myocardial infarcted animals showed that there was statistical significant difference between normal healthy and other groups (P1 < 0.05) except PLGA-NPs – BSA treatment, between myocardial infarcted and other groups (P2 < 0.05), between PcDNA3.1-VEGF with treatment PLGA-NPs– BSA and PcDNA3.1-VEGF-PLGA-NPs Complex (P3<0.05) and between PLGA-NPs – BSA and PcDNA3.1-VEGF-PLGA-NPs Complex (P4< 0.05). The effect of duration of treatment on each treatment type indicated that after 3, 5 and 7 days expression of PcDNA3.1-VEGF-PLGA-NPs Complex was higher than PcDNA3.1-VEGF and PLGA-NPs – BSA. There was statistical significant difference between 3 days and 5 days (P1 < 0.05), between 3 days and 7 days (P2< 0.05) and between 5 days and 7 days (P3<0.05).

Software Development Process Tailoring Challenges and Success Factors for eGovernment Projects in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study []


In the eGovernment project development, a major aspect that needs significance is the use of the appropriate software development process. However, the selection and tailoring of a proper software development process is still problematic, especially in developing countries. There are a number of factors behind the failure and success of any software process and the projects in eGovernment sector. The paper first presents the discussion on the processes used in the eGovernment sector of Pakistan. Second, it presents the challenges that arise in process tailoring and selection, and success factors which contribute to define proper software process and towards success of the project. Three eGovernment projects were taken for investigation; semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather information Final results are observed on the basis of the qualitative analysis. A list of challenges and success factors were identified which can be of use for software development process tailoring and definition in eGovernment projects. Those factors were verified by literature as well. These challenges and success factors can be useful for organizations engaged with eGovernment project development. The results of this study, particularly using the qualitative technique – allowed us to get an extremely rich insight into the software process definition and tailoring success factors and arising critical challenges for eGovernment projects, helpful for future researchers and practitioners. Future work comprises of developing a framework for eGovernment projects to better define the software process and some more empirical studies in the industry.

UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER AND AGRICULTURAL INPUT AND ASSETS USE, EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN HOUSEHOLD UPLIFTING PROGRAMME IN THE NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA []


The study evaluates the impact of Household Uplifting Programme (HUP) on vulnerable rural households’ agricultural input and asset use in the North Central zone of Nigeria using a cross- sectional data on vulnerable rural HUP beneficiary households. The multi-Stage sampling was use to select 408 respondents comprising beneficiaries and non- beneficiaries from Benue and Nasarawa states. Applying the propensity Score Matching model, average treatment on the treated was estimated. The result showed that; being a beneficiary of the Household Uplifting Programme increased beneficiary’s expenditure on agricultural input and asset use by 59 percent and this was significant at 1 percent. Also, the socioeconomic characteristics showed that women were giving more preference in the program and it was meant for rural households. It is therefore recommended that Government should ensure that rural households in every part of the country is captured in the programme as its support for expenditure on agricultural inputs and assets provides the necessary capital needed for enhancing food security of the nation in general.

A REVIEW ON PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES: ASSESSING THERMAL COMFORT IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIOS AT THE RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA []


Passive design takes advantage of natural energy flow for achieving and maintaining thermal comfort. It involves the application of suitable building orientation, materials and landscaping. This paper reviewed the strategies adopted to achieve adequate ventilation and thermal comfort in architectural design studios using the Faculty of environmental sciences building in Rivers state university as a study. It was highlighted that through a building’s envelope, the structure and the surrounding exchange some energy fluxes in both senses, depending on the energy quantity required, produced and consumed inside the same building and the one coming from the external environment. The research was accomplished by gathering primary and secondary data that were available for review. Some strategies that were considered important in achieving thermal comfort and adequate ventilation in the studios such as the building’s orientation check, adherence to narrow plan design and site planning, window size and positioning, the use of ceiling fans and vegetation were highlighted. The study identified that the studios in the architecture department are thermally comfortable with the courtyard system serving as a medium for bringing in fresh air to the studios and dismissing the warm air in the spaces to the atmosphere. There is a generous adherence to cross ventilation which makes the spaces well aired and comfortable. In this work, it was established that the spaces were constructed with materials that had high insulation properties which has the capacity to avert the negative effects of the weather in the area, improving cooling inside the building and the spaces, which increases comfort and reduces the cost of energy because with the parameters for achieving thermal comfort and ventilation adhered to, the need for alternative energy supply is reduced saving costs for its users, reducing the effects of noise pollution and contributing to reduced carbon emissions in the atmosphere which can be harmful to health of the users.

Prevalence, Etiology and Identification of Urinary Tract Infection among Students at Residence Halls in Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh []


Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common domiciliary and nosocomial bacterial infections prevalent in both males and females. UTI is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, microscopy and quantative culture of urine. In order to assess the prevalence of UTI among students in residence halls of Jashore University of Science and Technology, volunteers were randomly selected and requested to supply freshly void midstream urine samples in sterile container. For the presumptive evaluation of UTI, microscopic observation was performed to count pus cells, red blood cells (RBC) ,white blood cells , platelet cell and epithelial cells of centrifuges urine samples. Presences of bacterial cells were also observed followed by Gram staining. It has been observed that RBC and epithelial cell counts were not sensitive enough to be used for presumptive diagnosis of UTI rather than pus cell counts and Gram stained smear was sufficient to detect bacteriuria. Semi-quantitative culture of urine was performed in addition for confirmation. Escherichia coli was the most predominant microorganism observed. All of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin though Polymixin B as well as ciprofloxacin were found effective antibiotic against the isolates.

The Prevalence of the Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTI) among Donors Studied in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh []


Background: Transfusion transmissible infections can be a risk for health care professionals, according to World Health Organization (WHO) about 3 million workers are getting exposed to these kinds of infections each year. The overall prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections ranges between 2.79% and 18.7%. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among prospective donors. Materials and Methods: This prospective analytic study was conducted among 3963 donors at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Detection of HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV, Anti-Treponema, and Anti-Malaria was done by Immunochromatographic test (ICT), Syphilis Fast latex agglutination, RDT test, and reconfirmed by ELISA. Results: Among 3963 donors the transfusion transmissible infection’s seroprevalence was 47(1.18%). The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphilis and Malaria were found to be 30(0.76%), 09(0.23%), 03(0.07%), 04(0.10%) and 01(0.02%) respectively. Conclusion: There should be a strict guideline in donor selection to avoid TTI. Implementation of a more sensitive testing methodology should help to detect infection in donors accurately, even during the window period, which may reduce TTI. Keywords: Transfusion transmissible infections, HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphilis, and Malaria.

Abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to myxedema ileus []


Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon is known as Ogilvie syndrome (OS). There are varied causes of OS. Myxedema ileus (MI) as a cause of acute pseudo-obstruction is rare. Surgery in cases of MI is reserved only in cases of cecal distension of >12 cm, bowel ischemia, and perforated bowel. We present a rare case of a 70-year-old female who was operated for abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to MI.

“Not now, sweet Desdemona” - Re-reading Othello as a double edged tragedy of both the colonizer and the colonized []


The present paper re-examines the play, Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) as a double-edged tragedy of both the colonizer and the colonized. While exposing the suffering of Othello as an archetype of dichotomous ‘the other,’ the play also disclosures the ugliness of the racial othering or the objec-tification executed by the colonial societies. Applying the postcolonial concepts of ‘orientalism,’ ‘mimicry’ and ‘ambivalence’ of Edward Said and Homi K. Bhabha, the present paper argues Othello’s internalization of racial other to be an equally important personality flaw to sexual jealousy and credulity. The language used in the play will also be examined to understand how the vilifications of the white characters ironically expose their own tragedy and the influence of the language on the internalization of racial discrimination of Othello. Othello edited by Norman Sanders (Cambridge UP, 2005) is used as the primary source, whereas research arti-cles, web publications, books, journals, etc., are the secondary sources used. The present research intends to contribute to the English literary studies giving a novel perspective to the reading of Shakespeare’s Othello.

CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOR IN THE FAMILY IN SENA VILLAGE []


Health development of a country begins with the development of health from the family. One of the efforts is to improve the behavior of a clean and healthy life in the family. The family is the initial environment for shaping everyone's consciousness. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the determinants of clean and healthy living behavior in the family so that family members can truly carry out healthy behavior in interacting with the wider community. This study used a survey ap-proach with a cross sectional design. The sample of this study was the head of the family, amounting to 59. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis using logistic regression test. The results showed that from several variables ana-lyzed, the education variable (p = 0.04) and income (p = 0.002) had an effect on the clean and healthy behavior of families in Sena Village. Village officials must ensure that the sustainability of education in the village runs well in order to always increase the awareness of community mem-bers, other than that related stakeholders must always increase health promotion efforts so that there is an increase in public awareness outside formal education

ASSESSMENT OF SERICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UGANDA. []


No country was left untouched with outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. The first confirmed case in Uganda was reported on March 21, 2020. A total of 39,860 people were confirmed with the disease, 14,440 recovered and 327 died by February 9, 2021 in the same country. To reduce spread of the disease, a country lockdown was enacted with most of the economic activities shut down. The citizens lost job and businesses were disrupted due to breakdown of supply chain, demand reduced for goods and liquidity dried up both locally and globally. Economic gap was created with accumulated public debts amidst no hope for COVID-19 to end soon. The most worrying is the chances that more aggressive epidemics will break in future due to the continuous mutation of the disease causing agents. There is urgent need to innovate and use technologies that can sustain economic recovery in the face of pandemics. Sericulture played a big role in the livelihood of some of the community members in Uganda during COVID-19 lockdown. The cost benefit analysis for sericulture, a new technology in Uganda, was compared to other commercial agricultural activities done during COVID-19 lockdown of the country. Their viability for economic recovery was assessed based on the monthly returns per famer. Sericulture technology and innovation was found to be the most potential for sustainable economic recovery from COVID-19 pandemic and future epidemics in Uganda.

Reflection on Martin Heidegger's philosophy of Being and Existence []


Abstract The thought of Heidegger on Being and Existence provides methodological guidance into the possibility of understanding a philosophy which is thoroughly contemporary and yet which does not evade the traditional philosophical problems. He tried to “overcome” the old-style metaphysics, but he hasn’t fallen into the error of positivism. He abolishes any supposed invisible world behind the world of phenomena. He replaces God with Being. He substitutes for stable substances and essences the fluid categories of existence. And in all these he finds a wholeness and meaning, a kind of intrinsic transcendence, that characterizes a mere coming-into-being and passing-out-of-being. His philosophy of existence attempts to overcome the subject-object split. It begins from concrete participation in the world, not from either observation of the phenomena “outside” of us or from introspective investigation of our own minds. Heidegger moves from his existentialist starting-point into ontological reflections that may seem far removed from it. He therefore departs from traditional understanding of human nature and states that existence takes precedence over essence, and man is understood in temporal and historical terms.

« Rentabilité de système agricole dans le domaine de chasse de Rubi-tele » []


Résumé : Pour les pays forestiers comme la République Démocratique du Congo, l’agriculture demeure la source principale d’une part de revenu des ménages ruraux et d’autre part de la dégradation de l’environnement. De ce fait, plusieurs technologies gagnent de plus en plus ce secteur permettant de lutter en même temps contre la pauvreté et le changement climatique parmi lesquelles l’agroforesterie est considérée comme indispensable. Cependant l’adoption de l’agroforesterie est très difficile dans les zones forestières et demande de plus en plus d’étude pour cerner la représentation de l’arbre d’un milieu à un autre pour la réussite de l’implantation et de développement de cette nouvelle technologie. L’objectif principal que poursuivait cette étude était de faire une évaluation socioéconomique de système agricole en République Démocratique du Congo. D’une manière spécifique, elle consistait à évaluer la rentabilité économique de système agricole mis en place par les producteurs du Domaine de Chasse de Rubi-Tele. Au total 150 interviews ont été faites respectivement en raison de 50 dans les villages Ngbete, Baangba et Bongbongo. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que le système agricole mis en place par les agriculteurs dans cette zone demeure rentable avec une ration moyenne de 1,66. Mots clés : Socio-économie, rentabilité, système agricole, agroforesterie, domaine de chasse, flux. Summary: For the Democratic Republic of the Congo, agriculture remains the main source of both rural household income and environmental degradation. As a result, several technologies are increasingly gaining in this sector allowing to fight simultaneously against poverty and climate change among agroforestry is considered essential. However, the adoption of agroforestry is very difficult in forest areas and requires more and more study to identify the representation of the tree from one environment to another for the success of the establishment and development of this new technology. The main objective of this study was to make a socio-economic assessment of the agricultural system in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Specifically, it consisted in evaluating the economic profitability of the agricultural system set up by the producers of the Rubi-Tele hunting estate. A total of 150 interviews were carried out respectively due to 50 in Ngbete, Baangba and Bongbongo villages. The results of this study reveal that the agricultural system set up by farmers in this area remains profitable with an average ration of 1.66. Keywords: Socio-economy, profitability, agricultural system, agroforestry, hunting area, flow

A new methodology on simulating the mechanical behavior of human renal arteries []


Arterial stiffness has emerged and is established as a vascular biomarker with potentially high prognostic value when determining cardiovascular risk. There is a high demand for comprehensive experimental research and mathematical modeling of renal artery mechanics which would best explain their mechanical behavior. The aim of this study is to understand how the renal artery behaves under a tension stress condition and reproduce it through a mathematical and computational approach. Human cadaveric arteries are tested in 3D inflation-extension biomechanical experiments; first generation data (i.e. external diameter, lumen pressure, axial force) are transformed, via continuum mechanics formulation, into second generation data (i.e. circumferential stress, axial stress, circumferential strain in no load state). Following the response of the phenomenological functions, a computational model is validated to detect the overall properties of a user defined hyper-elastic material for structural simulation in human renal arteries tissues. The results of this study can be used as engineering methods in clinical practice by providing a surgeon/interventionist the data required to efficiently plan and implement procedures. Also, comparing different techniques by simulated models enables spotting any problems of in vivo situations and optimization of surgical methodologies.

Case Report: Gastric Volvulus-The Challenge For Early Diagnosis. []


Background: Gastric volvulus is a rare gastric pathology and remains a challenge to diagnose. There are two types; type 1-idiopathic and type 2-congenital/acquired. It affects both sexes equally and ages more than 50 groups. Case presentation: A 47 years old gentleman presented to the Emergency Department with intermittent and worsening symptoms of postprandial vomiting , retching, and epigastric pain with signs of dehydration. Radiological findings confirmed the diagnosis of gastric volvulus and we proceeded with surgery. Conclusion: Gastric volvulus diagnosis remains a challenge as it mimics other abdominal pathology and delay in diagnosis may lead to life threatening complications like perforation,ischaemia and bleeding.

EFFECTS OF LAND USE AND DEGRADATION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA []


The study investigated the effects of land use and degradation on agricultural productivity and food security among farm households in south-south, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 360 respondents (120 each from Edo, Delta and Rivers States of south-south, Nigeria). Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the selected arable farmers. The data collected was analysed using the ordinary least squared multiple regression model. The F-statistics (12.417) is significant at 1 percent indicating that overall, land use and degradation has significant effect on agricultural productivity thus the null hypothesis which stated otherwise is rejected. The R2 indicated that 84.2 percent of variation in agricultural productivity is explained by land use and degradation variables. The ordinary least square regression results showed that land degradation intensity (-7.093), Fallow rotation (-26.911), and use of improve variety (-6.989), grazing on farmland (-3.985), fertilizer application (-4.816), use of organic manure (-17.350), land conflicts (-7.254) and terrace farming (-16.170-) had negative and significant effects on agricultural productivity.

MINISTERIAL LEADERSHIP AND THE NEW NORMAL OCCASSIONED BY COVID-19 []


The pandemic has significantly forced us to change how we conduct church resulting in increased streaming of services on different digital communications platforms. The future of the church has already been altered. The good news is that we live in a media-frenzied society that is marked by rapid digital and communication technological change and extensive social media usage. For the last couple of weeks, churches have been forced by circumstances to stream their services on different communication platforms while pastors globally have conformed and have accepted the changes. These critical shifts by church leaders will help us get there. A good grasp of recommendations and advices to ministerial leaders at this critical time will not only address the myriads of challenges posed by COVID-19 but will to a large extent ameliorate its effect both on short and long term basis.

THE REASONS FOR FAILURE OF TOURISM SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (TSMEs) AND POSSIBLE STRATEGIES FOR RESTRAINING THE FAILURE []


This short exploratory study aims to explore and identify the reasons for failure of tourism small and medium-sized enterprises (TSMEs) and possible strategies to remedy the ugly trend in the industry mainly from literatures due to the short nature of the study. The paper also highlights possible interventions by public sector, private sector and civil society to restrain failure of the businesses in the sector.

SIMULATION OF VISUAL PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR THE BLIND []


Vision is one of the most important sense organ in human body. Image plays vital role in the human perception of the surrounding environment. With respect to commerce, we all have an idea about what kind of contents are most important to every customer while buying a product. The contents are actual prize, manufacture and expiry date of product, which ingredients are inside the packed food or any product. While purchasing medicines it is most important to know expiry dates too, because it may be harmful to every living thing if the drug is expired, and for the visually impaired people, it is impossible to read this information without any form of aid. This research aims to design a simulation system that will benefit the life of blind people so that they can independently identify a product without depending on others for assistance and the methodology in achieving this, consists of three functional components which are; Capturing, Data Processing, and Audio output. The capturing component collects data pertaining product of interest in the form of images, the captured image will be high quality and perfect recognition, and which can be gotten from a high resolution camera. Data processing involves the use of deploying object-detection algorithms to selectively extract the image of the object held by the blind user from the cluttered background or other neutral objects using a hand glove camera and the audio output will inform the blind user of recognized product and overhear the details. The proposed simulation system will be designed using Microsoft Visual Studio as frontend. Microsoft SQL Server backend and a Data Manipulating Language (DML). Keywords: Visually Impaired, Barcode, Audio Output, Text to Speech (TTS), Camera phone, Scanner, Branding, Taste tests, Consumer choice.

DISCRETIONARY INCOME AND THE DEMAND OF LIFE INSURANCE: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA IN ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) []


Abstract Life is embedded with various risks that can lower people’s well-being as a result of unexpected events. Therefore, it is very essential for every individual household to embrace an important mechanism that can protect their family against such situations by purchasing life insurance policies to guarantee their benefit in the event of certain eventuality. However, life insurance business remains unviable in Nigeria and its products hard to sell in the Nigerian marketplace. This unpalatable situation about the business always raised worries among the players in the industry. Therefore, understanding of the factors that affect the consumption of life insurance in Nigeria household is important for the industry players to exert more effort in working on these factors to expand their knowledge. This study used descriptive research design, primary data source using structured questionnaire which were administered to target audience of individuals via Google forms for data gathering. The questionnaire centres on a number of different variables which relates to discretionary income and demand. Using simple random sampling, from the pool of received responses, a total of one hundred and twenty-one (121) responses were selected and analysed among selected 20 insurance companies offering life insurance product and industry players. Result of multiple linear regression of demand of insurance on their demographic characteristics and responses related to discretionary income, attitude towards life insurance, and the motives behind it. It shows how the explanatory variables such as age, marital status, income level, educational qualification, work experience, number of dependents, understanding of risk management and the other variables affect the demand for insurance services by Nigerians. It was discovered that all the six sets of research questions and null hypotheses of this study were rejected and one of the recommendations made that company image and company-client relationship could assist in attending to resolving youth unemployment in the country. Key Words: Discretionary Income, Demand, Life Insurance, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Youth Unemployment

THE ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES OF A CITY POLICE OFFICE IN THE PHILIPPINES []


The war on illegal drugs is far from realization thus, the need to improve the implementation of a comprehensive and balanced approach to drug demand and drug supply reduction. The study assessed the implementation of the anti-illegal drug strategy of the Baguio City Police Office the significant relationship between the levels of implementation of the anti-illegal drug supply reduction and anti-illegal drug demand reduction strategies. A total of 147 respondents consisting of 92 punong barangay and 55 police officers of the Baguio City Police Office-Drug Enforcement Unit participated in the study. Quantitative descriptive - survey research design with the aid of a validated and reliability tested questionnaire was used to collect the data which were analyzed and interpreted correspondingly. Findings showed, that the anti-illegal drug supply and demand reduction strategies Baguio City Police office were "moderately implemented" and that there is a significant difference in the level of implementation as perceived by the respondents. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the anti-illegal drug supply reductions strategies and the anti-illegal drug demand reduction strategies of the Baguio City Police Office. Finally, the results of the study revealed that the anti-illegal drug supply and demand reduction strategies of the Baguio City Police Office have not reached the peak of their full implementation. The result of the study will serve to enhance the anti-illegal drug strategies of the Baguio City Police Office Keywords: illegal drug, supply reduction, demand reduction, Strategy, Implementation

MULTIRESOLUTION SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION OF WAVELET REPRESENTATION []


Wavelets are mathematical functions that cut up data into different frequency components and then study each component with a resolution matched to its scale. Wavelets were developed independently in the fields of mathematics, quantum physics, electrical engineering and science geology. In this study I try to represent multiresolution analysis in signal decomposition. The mathematical property of the operator which transfer a function into an approximation at a resolution 2j. Then I will show that the difference of information between two approximation at the resolution 2j+1 and 2j is extracted by decomposing the function in a wavelet orthonormal basis. This decomposition defines a complete and orthogonal multiresolution representation called the wavelet representation.

IMPLEMENTATION OF WAVELET REPRESENTATION []


Wavelets and wavelet transforms are a relatively new topic in signal processing. Their development and, in particular, their application remains an active area of research. The paper concentrates on the application of the wavelet transform. Specially, the implementation of Wavelet Representation.

Material Selection: Major Criteria for Optimising Building Maintainability []


The Maintainability of buildings somewhat depend on the determination of the materials used and their capability to oppose defects from crumbling, ease of care, and limited support cost needed to improve it through its planned life. Subsequently, it is profoundly important that during the planning stage, multiple material alternatives are recognized and analysed for their appropriateness to accomplish practicality during post-development inhabitance. The information contained in this paper were mostly obtained from secondary sources of data collection such as books, articles, magazines, slides, journals and other related literature, and from personal observations. This article utilizes a collection of parameters to assess materials concerning their expected diligence to material sustainability before and after construction. Some material parameters such as cleanability, material maintainability, health and safety, material economy, material availability, thermal execution, and acoustic properties have been well discussed in this article, and designers are encouraged to always design with material choice in mind to avoid high maintenance cost throughout the lifespan of the building. Keywords: Cleanability, Maintenance, Material Maintainability, Post-Occupancy Development, Sustainability

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR IN CENTRAL CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY []


Now a day, it is possible to say that the internet plays a vital or significant role in people daily life and in all kind of business activity. Through the development of internet online shopping has become popular, and student feel comfortable in using internet. The purpose of the study is to know the online shopping behavior of international students in Central China Normal University. A population of 47 respondents has been chosen to collect the data. The questionnaire was field by different student from different country and background. The information gathered was analyzed to arrive at the purpose of the study. The study finds that online shopping is common by international student because of convenience as a biggest advantage. Students use Taobao and Alipay most. Even if online shopping is common by international student still a considerable section of students prefers traditional shopping. Key words: Online shopping, perceived risk, perceived benefit, online shopping behavior

AN ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS IMPROVING LIVABILITY CHARACTER IN MIXED-USED FACILITY []


There are numerous urban problems that cannot be addressed in a single use facility in Nigeria the emergence of Mixed-use facility is a function of demand and necessity regardless of location. Descriptive case studies of existing situations were disbursed revealing that mixed-use facility were strictly designed to produce a piece and live situation with no regard for human-building relationship performance. coaching of contemporary architects to infuse culture and pattern of social behavior of the possible occupants, the providence to relish what's procurable in cities, redefining of areas through livability character principles were counseled to reinforce the human-building performance in mixed-use facility. The paper counseled that the approach toward rising livability character like natural parts that embrace, green area, garden and flowers, ought to be inspired within the style of mixed-use facility even though they're artificial. except for the fact that they encourage livability among the building, they conjointly function as shading devices and system which may create the users/occupant snug whereas conjointly articulating the facade. however, should be correctly maintained and proper orientation should incline to the users on their importance and maintenance. Keywords: Mixed use facility, livability character,

Child Tracker : Web Port on Human Trafficking []


To reach out to any missing person or his family from any corner of the world, nothing can be better than the Social Media. It can give a reference or a clue that can help in identifying the person who has been exploiting. That reference can be used by the police to find out that person. This paper throws a light on a crucial topic “Human Trafficking”. It is the worst crime ever and this act cannot be done by a single or two persons. There is a gang or the chain of people including a minimum of 6 to7 persons and this chain needs to be broken. So, the goal is to stop this disgusting crime, we have come up with the idea of designing such a cloud based web portal that can help in reaching the sufferer in the minimum time with the use of social media integrating with our database. Dealers utilize an assortment of intentions to publicize the illegal sexual administrations of the youngsters and ladies they offer, including Internet arranged promotions , announcement sheets, and web-based media related with escort and massage services(EMS).[4] A picture gets viral on social media in a few seconds. So, we have used this idea to come up with the web portal for the protection of the trafficked persons.

Image steganography []


Steganography plays an important role in information security. Since the rise of the Internet one of the most important factors of information technology and communication has been the security of information. It is the art of hiding the fact that communication is takes place, by hiding information in other information. Many different file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exist a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity. The word steganography is of Greek origin and means "concealed writing" from the Greek words steganos meaning "covered or protected", and graphei meaning "writing". The first recorded use of the term was in 1499 by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatise on cryptography and steganography disguised as a book on magic. Generally, messages will appear to be something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other covertext and, classically, the hidden message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter. Steganography is the science that involves communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier, e.g., image, audio, and video files. It comes under the assumption that if the feature is visible, the point of attack is evident, thus the goal here is always to conceal the very existence of the embedded data. Steganography has various useful applications. However, like any other science it can be used for ill intentions. It has been propelled to the forefront of current security techniques by the remarkable growth in computational power, the increase in security awareness by, e.g., individuals, groups, agencies, government and through intellectual pursuit.

The Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from Suspected Patients in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh []


Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries. It causes infections particularly of the urethra in men and the endocervix in women. Over the last decade, Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains have developed a significant level of resistance against several antimicrobial agents such as penicillin, tetracycline, and quinolones in several countries including Bangladesh, which is causing an increasing difficulty in the management of gonorrhoea. Aims: Our purpose was to identify the risk factors related to gonorrhoea infection and the trend of antimicrobial resistance of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from gonorrhoea patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMC) between March 2018 and February 2019 where a total of 974 patients were included. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified microscopically, by culture and by PCR. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion test, according to CLSI. Results: Twenty-nine (2.98%) were positive to have N. gonorrhoeae. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern for ceftriaxone was found 62.07% sensitive and 37.93% resistant. Surprisingly, cefuroxime was found to be 100% sensitive whereas ciprofloxacin was sensitive for 51.73%, intermediately sensitive for 27.58%, and was resistant for 20.69%. Similarly, it was 20.69% sensitive, 13.79% intermediately sensitive and 65.52% resistant to tetracycline. In contrast, it was alarmingly resistant to penicillin at 68.97% and 13.79% was intermediately sensitive. Conclusion: In this stud, penicillin and tetracycline were shown the highest level of drug resistance which is most commonly used for treating this infection in Bangladesh. For this reason, proper laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, are highly recommended to manage this infection properly. Keywords: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Multidrug resistance.

Right to Privacy in Digital India []


In today's world for most of our jobs, we rely completely on technology. Our lives are deeply entangled with technology. The digital transformation which has taken place has made all of us go online. This is the time we understand how important privacy is on a digital platform. In this paper, we have explained how the Right to Privacy was made and fundamental right in India and have discussed the important judgments with regard to it. Further, this paper explains how the Data Protection Bill is a great step and how should the Data Protection Authority function. We have then come to a conclusion that India's Constitution should have provisions for upholding the Right to Privacy on the digital platform.

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER BODIES AND FISH IN RESERVOIR RIVER FLOW AREA OF CITARUM AND IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH MINI REVIEW []


The aim of this review article 1) to explain the types of heavy metal contamination found in water bodies from reservoirs in the river flow area of Citarum. 2) to identify the types of fish that are cultivated and the exposure to heavy metals in these fish and 3 to explain the health effects of heavy metals in human consumption. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the types of heavy metals that pollute the waters in the river over flow Cirata (Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur are lead (Pb), Zeng (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Cromium (Cr). The concentration of the presence in these water bodies is still below the quality standard set by BPOM Indonesia. The types of fish cultivated in the river over flow Cirata Reservoir (Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur are goldfish, tilapia, catfish, and hard-lipped barb fish. All types of the fish are fish for consumtion. The types of heavy metals found in these fish are Pb, Cd and Cr. It is present at concentrations below the exposure limits by BPOM Indonesia. Humans exposed to heavy metals can have an impact on their health and can even cause death.

Estudo comparativo das tecnologias de secagem de alimentos na produção da Farinha de Inhame []


Yam has a great nutritional value that is indispensable for humans. These tubers are an excellent source of energy, they contain vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid and carotenes. In addition, they have most of the essential amino acids: arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine. In this study with the objective of comparing food drying technologies for the production of yam flour, the processes of direct solar drying of food and drying in trays oven for the production of yam flour were defined, with a view to recommending the process that best preserves the nutritional properties of yam. Samples of the yam that were subjected to the processes of direct solar drying and drying in a greenhouse oven, to obtain the flour for the study, were collected at random from three cultivation fields in the district of Macate in the province of Manica. The direct solar drying process lasted 24 hours and reached an equilibrium humidity of 0.0029, and in the kiln drying process it lasted 72 hours, 0.00097 (equilibrium humidity) was obtained.

AIR TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED MULTIFUNCTIONAL AUTOMATIC SWITCHING TECHNIQUE BY ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEMS USING ATMEGA328P MICROCONTROLLER []


The microcontroller based temperature controlled fan controls the temperature of any device according to its requirement for any industrial and home application. At the heart of the circuit is the ATMega328P microcontroller which controls all its functions. A temperature sensor LM35 is used for sensing the temperature of the environment and the system displays the temperature on an LCD in the range of –55°C to +150°C. This temperature is compared with the value stored by the user and if the temperature goes beyond the preset temperature then fan will switch on and if temperature goes below to preset value then fan will switch off.