Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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"Qeerroo fi Qaarree Oromoo" Irreversible Victories in the History of Oromo Struggle for Equality in Ethiopia. []


This article is about Oromo’s restless long walk struggle for freedom, equality, and democracy. The article clearly shows the cruelty, inhumanity and horrific administration of Amharan-Tigray tyrant/fascist/dictator governors against democratic and peace loving Oromo nation in the horn of Africa. Also the article indicates that the restless and uninterrupted struggles of Oromo for generations were not successful especial to addresses basic issues of self governance and equitable representation. In other way Oromo’s colonized by Amhara-Tigray tyrant/fascist/dictator governors unable to clear them out completely even though they are fighting fiercely and restlessly for generations to ultimate victory. On the other side the article mainly addresses the magnitude role of golden heroic Oromo youth (Qeerroo fi Qaarree) that embrace the world because of its historic and irreversible victories over the tyrant/fascist/genocider TPLF within a short period of time, and the consequences of its victories. To addresses all these issues the writer as methods and materials mainly based on analysis of secondary source of data and documents, and including the writers observation.

ONLINE CLASS READINESS OF INSTRUCTORS TEACHING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUBJECTS IN LOCAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE []


This research study is referenced in the Philippines that happened during pandemic times where teaching and learning process in the Tertiary Education level in the Local Community Colleges that is funded by the Local Government Unit is put to test particularly the readiness of Instructors to conduct Online Class for the first time. The objective of this study is to seek answer on Instructors’ competency in teaching I.T subjects according to their Technical, Administrative and Pedagogical capabilities. As for the administration of this research, a questionnaire is used to collect data to its targeted population; The manner of choosing the population was based on purposive sampling technique since participants were targeted to be I.T instructors in a local community College. Result shows that the instructors capability in teaching IT subjects in terms of their technical competency which determines the instructors knowledge in complete basic computer operations, Administrative Competency, which will determine the respondent’s knowledge on the use of communication tools and Pedagogical Competency which will likewise determine the instructors ability to Attend the unique challenges of asynchronous and synchronous learning. Furthermore after determining the mean of all means and SD, figures revealed that instructors got a Very High capability of holding an Online Class during this pandemic.

Review article: Application of Chitosan for Fish Preservation and Processed Products []


The purpose of this review article is to examine chitosan and i'ts manufacture, the quality of chitosan, the mechanism of chitosan as a preservative, the application of chitosan as a natural preservative. Based on a review of various literature both journals and other literature, it can be concluded that chitosan is a deacetylation compound of chitin, consisting of N-acetyl glucosamine and N glucosamine units. The production of chitosan consists of deproteination - demineralasation - deacetylation steps. The quality of chitosan can be assessed from the aspects of particle shape, color, degree of deacetylation, pH, moisture content and ash content. The mechanism of chitosan as a preservative is to interact with rotting bacterial cell membranes to disrupt membrane permeability and chitosan also has a very strong affinity with microbial DNA so that it can interfere with mRNA and protein synthesis.

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG THE STUDENTS OF SELECTED MADRASHAS OF DHAKA CITY []


Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the level of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases among madrasha students. Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four purposively selected madrashas in Dhaka city. Participants: A total randomly selected 390 male students of class 9 and 10 were included in this study. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data and the responses of students were recorded after obtaining verbal consent. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 17 and 33.1% of them were from Science group. 54% respondents had average knowledge, 29.5% had good knowledge. Television/radio was the main source of information for majority (68.6%) of the students and around 40% was informed about STDs from their academic study. About 75% of the respondents mentioned that there was microorganism for all STDs as causative agents. More than 70% respondents mentioned that unprotected sexual intercourse and using same syringes with different persons were the mood of transmission of STDs. Condom as the main protector of STDs was seemed by the most. Type of madrasha and academic group were significantly related (P<0.00) with level of knowledge on STDs. Conclusion: Science group respondents had more academic knowledge than the arts group respondents and respondents who belonged to late adolescent group had more knowledge than early adolescent group.

EFFECTS OF METACOGNITIVE TRAINING ON INTEREST AND SELF-EFFICACY OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS IN IFE CENTRAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA []


The study investigated the effects of metacognitive training on self-efficacy of secondary school students in mathematics in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. It also examined the effects of the training on students’ interest in Mathematics. These were with a view to improving students’ interest and self-efficacy in Mathematics in the study area. The study adopted a non-equivalent pretest posttest control group research design. The population for the study consisted of all Senior Secondary One (SS1) students in secondary schools in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State. A total of 100 students from two schools in the Local Government Area were selected using simple random sampling technique. One intact class each of SS1 students in the selected schools was used. The schools were randomly assigned to two groups (Experimental and Control) using simple random sampling technique. Two instruments, Students’ Interest in Mathematics Questionnaire (SIMQ) and Students’ Self-efficacy in Mathematics Questionnaire (SSMQ) were used for the study. Data collected were analyzed using t-test analysis. The results showed that, there was a significant influence in students’ interest in Mathematics when exposed to metacognitive training and those exposed to conventional strategy (t = 2.887, p < 0.05). The results of the study also indicated that, there was a significant influence in the self-efficacy of students in Mathematics when exposed to metacognitive training and when exposed to conventional strategy. (t = 4.577, p < 0.05). The study concluded that, metacognitive training is a better teaching strategy in improving self-efficacy and interest of students in Mathematics than conventional strategy.

DETERMINANTS OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES USE AMONG STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS IN SELECTED FEDERAL ATVET COLLEGES IN OROMIYA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA []


ABSTRACT In any academic institution, library is established as a major component of infrastructure to undertake fruitful teaching learning activities. The objectives of this study were therefore, to identify the determinants of use of information resources and services among students and instructors, to examine the level of use of information resources and services and to examine the extent of users satisfaction with the existing information resources and services. The study used survey research and both primary and secondary data collected from the study areas. The primary data were collected from 198 sample respondents selected using stratified sampling technique using questionnaires and observation. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentage, standard deviation as well as an inferential statistics of chi-square test and binary logit econometric model were used for the analysis of the data. The result of binary logit econometric model showed that gender, satisfaction with field of study and information literacy level for students, satisfaction with the response from library staff for both instructors and students and marital status, satisfaction with the library collections and satisfaction with curriculum for instructors positively and significantly affect use of library information resources and services. Therefore, it is time for the Federal ATVET colleges to see the problems (determinants) of use of information resources and services in their respective colleges' libraries to realize the information needs of users of the library. Finally, The study also recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture as a climax body should follow the teaching learning process of the Federal ATVET colleges.

Business Model Canvas (BMC) as a tool of Planning and Implementing Entrepreneurial Projects: A Case Study of GOOGLE Business Model Canvas []


The business model canvas or BMC model is a graphic representation of a number of variables that show the values of an organization. The business model canvas can be deployed as a strategy tool for the development of a new organization. Furthermore, it also analyses the situation of an existing business. The aim of this study is to clarify the concept of BMC and determine its importance in creating and executing projects. To better understand and clarify BMC, this paper will investigate the BMC of Google as an example. The study concluded that business model canvas is considered an important tool that should be used for planning entrepreneurial projects.

Comparison of the Outcome of Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy with Manual Anal Dilatation for Chronic Anal Fissure []


INTRODUCTION: To compare the healing of fissure and post operative incontinence of flatus and feaces in patients undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy with anal dilatation in patients with chronic anal fissure. METHODS: Randomized Controlled Trial from March 2020 to March 2021 over a period of 1 year was conducted at the department of Surgery, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. 108 patients presenting to the department of surgery FFH, diagnosed as having chronic anal fissure were included. For 54 patients, lateral internal anal sphincterotomy and for other 54 patients manual anal dilatation was performed. All relevant details about patient outcome after these procedures, collected, processed and analyzed on SPSS version 10.0. RESULTS: The age range of our study population was from 17 years to 63 years with the mean age of 46.77 years. 52 patients having lateral internal anal sphincterotomy showed complete wound healing after 6 weeks as compared to 50 patients in the manual anal dilatation group. Flatus incontinence was noted in 2 patients in lateral internal anal sphincterotomy group as compared to 4 patients in the manual anal dilatation group. Feacal incontinence was noted in none of the patients in lateral internal anal sphincterotomy as well as manual anal dilatation group. In 1 patient undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy haematoma formed, which resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Lateral internal sphincterotomy, remains the method of choice for treatment of chronic anal fissures. It is a safe and effective procedure that leads to symptomatic improvement and betterment of quality of life, while only occasionally impairs continence. KEY WORDS: Lateral internal sphincterotomy, Manual Anal dilatation, Chronic anal fissure.

DETERMINANTS OF STUDENTS' SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT – A PRACTICAL CIRCUMSTANCE AT BANKING INSTITUTE OF HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM []


The main point of this investigation is to assess factors adding to understudy's scholastic outcomes in Banking University of HCMC. Information was gathered from February to March in 2021, which was replied by BUH's tutees in District 01 and Thu Duc District. The impact of variables identifying with singular trademark, foundation, relationship and society were dissected. In order to have a reliable database for the research model, this topic surveyed data in 2 school areas in the district 01 and the Thu Duc district of BUH. The number of surveys was 300, of which 45 The observed samples were discarded because they did not meet the requirements, the remaining 255 observations were included in the official data. After running the data, the author has found out 5 out of 6 factors that influence student learning outcomes, with the regression results having an R-squared correction coefficient of 79%. Results showed that there are 5 components affecting understudies' learning results included Learning Methodologies, Study Motivation, Teaching Methodologies, Family and Friends, Society Influence. Suggestions and restrictions of this investigation are likewise introduced. Keywords: Students, understudy, BUH, study result, learning outcomes

Impacts of sand mining activities on Land Use Land Cover and Water Quality Parameters in Yamunanagar, Haryana, India []


Sand mining refers to process of removal of sand from rivers, streams and lake using various methods such as skimming, dry and wet pool mining, and scalping. These activities may cause serious environmental hazards (soil pollution, deforestation, water pollution etc.) as well as health issues (Lung infections, headache etc.). In the Present study, an attempt has been made to study impacts of sand mining by analyzing temporal variations of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of Gumthala Rao mine site in Yamunanagar district (Latitude: 29°57ʹ29ʹʹ to 29°56ʹ26ʹʹN and Longitude: 77°12ʹ43ʹʹ to 77°12ʹ48ʹʹE) of Haryana during the years 2000-2018 using geospatial technologies. The factors for choosing this study area were accessibility, availability of data, instances of large mining activities (legal/illegal) taking place in that site. Further, an attempt has also been made to study impacts of sand mining activities on the water quality parameters (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, Total dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Hardness and DO) for surface and ground water using lab experiments during the months of Jan-April for the year 2019 for the study area. The LULC variations have been made for the buffer of 10 km around mine site was and it has been observed that sand reduces by the 84.61 %, open area increases by 102.67 % and build up area increases by 444.87 % during the study period. Further, reduction of 77.73 % in water body and 57.41 % green land area was also observed during the study period. The obtained results were validated and accuracy assessment has been done using image processing software with the average overall accuracy of 89.2 % and kappa value of 0.87. A significant change in turbidity, TSS and DO has been observed for surface water, while a significant change in turbidity, TSS and TDS has been observed for ground water. Also, no significant temporal variation has been observed in water quality parameters but there is spatial variation as water quality is affected near mine site.

Secure Transmission System []


In this research paper we have done research on “SECURE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM” using face recognition. An Application that we have designed utilizes encryption and decryption techniques and facial recognition using Machine Learning, this implies that if someone wants to see the message in the transmission then he will not be able to do the same as the message is encrypted, firstly he/she will need to recognize his face and if he don’t have secret key than he will get nothing but some random bytes. In this research paper we found an optimal method for encryption and decryption between sender and receiver and did a 2 layer protection using face recognition using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm in Android studio as the environment. Furthermore we compared the different proposed methods of encryption with existing ones in the market and chose Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to move forward with. We used the ML tool kit of Google firebase to give the functionality of face recognition.

Evaluation of the Challenges of Urban Parks and Gardens Operations in Port Harcourt Metropolis []


The study evaluated the challenges of urban parks and gardens operations in Port Harcourt metropolis. Urban parks play a fundamental role in improving the quality of living in urban areas since they can produce many types of benefits for the inhabitants as it helps to supplement the social and psychological convenience of users such that it promotes relaxation and promote an atmosphere of relationship with natural landscape.The aim of this study is to evaluate the challenges of urban parks and gardens operations in Port Harcourt metropolis.The study adopted the cross sectional research design. Primary and secondary data were used and structured questionnaire was used to gather data. The data for this research were examined using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques .The results were presented in tables. The results showed that there is statistically significant relationship between level of usage and quality of service (22.29, p>0.05) of urban parks and gardens in Port Harcourt metropolis.The most common challenges in the operation of urban parks and garden facilities is insecurity, poor funding and inadequate maintenance, especially the state owned parks and gardens. The study recommends that there is need for re-evaluation of the place of parks and garden in the development of the city and effective usage.Adequate funding and development of recreation is not only good for the economy, it is a long-term investment in the people. This will grossly affect the development, maintenance and utilization of urban parks and garden in the state. Keywords: Evaluation, Challenges, Urban Parks, Gardens and Port Harcourt Metropolis.

A REVIEW APPLICATION OF CARRAGEENAN AS A FOOD ADDITION []


The purpose of this article review is to examine the types of seaweed that produce carrageenan, carrageenan extraction procedures, carrageenan quality and application of carrageenan as food additives. Based on a review of various articles in several journals and other literature, it can be concluded that the types of carrageenan producing seaweed are Eucheuma, Gelidium, Gracilaria and Sargassum. There are two extraction methods for carrageenan, namely extraction in water and alkaline conditions. The extraction method in an alkaline environment is more widely used. Carrageenan quality can be observed from the ash content, moisture content, protein content, gel strength and viscosity. Carrageenan can be applied as an emulsifier in sausage.

Public Administration and Information and Communication Technology in today’s world []


Abstract. This paper examines Public Administration and Information and Communication Technology in today's world. Public administration is a power tool for government feat, which is the product of political dynamics but limited to geographical locations. Public administration is no longer limited to a particular geographical location as it were. The barrier of poor circulation of information by the town crier is no longer there as a result of this great feat, information and communication technology. Public administration now uses radio, phones, zoom, telegraph, twitter, Facebook, e-election, e-governance e.t.c. for information dissemination. In this study we examine the past days of town crier as a mean of dissemination of information and the present days, where many ideas and issues are played out on the global stage such as local news, wars, education, strikes e.t.c and are seen in homes all over the world. Information and communication technology is changing our thinking and altitude. It has change the act of governance. The government and public administration are much more careful with the way they administer leadership in today's world because of Information and Communication Technology. Public administration is evolving into a new segment and phenomenon. It is part of the e-governance that is enforced through public policy and dissemination of information across the globe at real-time. Anybody that will be relevance in a public administration must get himself acquainted with information and communication technology. Nevertheless, the positive impacts of information and communication technology outweigh the limitation, therefore public administration needs a rethink or overhaul for total compliance to information and Communication Technology.

The Impact of Scarcity of Beira City Shore Protection. []


The Beira city shore is vulnerable to seaside erosion, a scenario that is heavily coaxed by the human activities around the same shore. This study is based on the observation and analysis of pictures and bibliographic research appurtenant to this topic, brings as areas of sizeable vulnerability within the city of Beira, the Chaimite and Ponta Gêa’s zone, a fact prompted by the high untidy land occupation, knocking down of mangrove that watch over the seaside for uses such as wood fuel, building material, tearing down of the dunes protecting the coastline by fishing activities, as well as natural factors such as those arising from climate change. The study aims to reference the effec-tive forms of seaside protection on the Beira city shore, looking at the feebleness in long-term seaside protection. There are sundry pro-jects carried out in the city of Beira with a unique aim of lightening this phenomenon, such as the revival of the main straining of Chiveve, rehabilitation of macro drainage, building of walls or dikes to refrain the tidal force. To sum up, this work in general provides knowledge and essential information to comprehend unconnected environmental conditions of the city, as well as the glimmering on measures to be applicable in the handling of the Beira city.

HEAT ENERGY = (11/14) TEMPERATURE []


The heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object .Temperature is the measure of the average heat of the molecules in a substance. The combined relation of volume , pressure and temperature of a given mass of gas can be derived from the combining law of ( Boyle’s law as well as Charle’s law ) , (Boyle’s law as well as Gay Lussac’s law) and (Charle’s law as well as Gay Lussac’s law). The combined relation of pressure, volume and temperature of a given mass of gas can be derived from the motion of a wheel. Rotation is motion and vice versa .If a force is applied on a wheel and that force simultaneously converts to the centripetal force as well as the centrifugal force then the wheel moves forward. So every point on the wheel moves vertically on a curved path to cover horizontally on a straight line path. The following laws are derived from the above facts as follows , LAW OF MOTION ----------------------- Nrusingh’s 1st law (a) INERTIA OF REST : A body is at rest, until the applied force on it , converts to the centripetal force as well as the centrifugal force . (b) INERTIA OF MOTION : A body is at motion, as long as the applied force on it , converts to the centripetal force as well as the centrifugal force . The following law is derived from Nrusingh’s 1st law THE FORCE OF ACTION IS ALWAYS EQUAL TO THE SUM OF OPPOSITE REACTION AND ABSORPTION ------------------------ Nrusingh’s 2nd law This implies that , 14 PARTS ACTION = 11 PARTS REACTION + 3 PARTS ABSORPTION So 1 PART ACTION = (11/14) PART REACTION + ( 3/14) PART ABSORPTION The following laws are derived from Nrusingh’s 2nd law Force = (11/14) Mass *Acceleration ----- Nrusingh’s 3rd law Energy = (11/14)mass(velocity of light)² ---- Nrusingh’s 4th law Pressure * Volume = (11/14) Temperature ---- Nrusingh’s 5th law Pressure = (11/14) Force / Area ---- Nrusingh’s 6th law Energy = (11/14) Frequency ---- Nrusingh’s 7th law Work = (11/14) Force * Distance ---- Nrusingh’s 8th law APPLIED HEAT = (3/14) ABSORBED HEAT + (11/14) WORK DONE HEAT This implies that Q = (3/14) U + (11/14) W ----- Nrusingh’s 11th law The following law is derived from Nrusingh’s 5th law of general gas law HEAT ENERGY = (11/14) TEMPERATURE ----- Nrusingh’s 13th law The above law implies that THE HEAT ENERGY RADIATED FROM A MASS OF GAS IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE The law implies that Heat Energy ∝ Temperature where (11/14) is the constant of proportionality

Management Systems Theory, a Practical Approach []


Management systems is both a theoretical and practical activity, involving the science of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, communicating, controlling, motivating, and decision making. These activities are managerial processes which are systematically applied. Management systems can be defined as the main structures, pillars, or poles upon which an organization is built and functions. These structures are apparently necessary for the performance of any managerial function and successful realization of any managerial goal or target. These structures or pillars include: production, marketing, personnel, finance, communication, research and development, and any other structure deemed appropriate and necessary in an organization. The importance and value of management systems are immeasurable and can't easily be quantified. This is because, the benefits begins with the commencement of the organization and flows along with its success and failures, and seemingly addresses the challenges which confronts managerial initiatives, innovations, decision making and strategies. The relevance of management systems is therefore as explained above and includes the following as well: Firstly, all organizations work with certain quantities and types of resources which must be used judiciously and sometimes converted into consumable goods and services. According to Howard Barnett (1992), all organizations have five different kinds of resources go work with, and they are equipment, material, money, people and time. The basic idea of resource conversion into usable goods and services involves the adoption of these management systems, couple with the utilization and improvement of managerial functions to achieve the desired goals. Secondly, modern portfolio theory postulates a tradeoff between risk and return. This means that the establishment of any business entity entails some level of risk, and the quantification of any net return will depend on the efficient functioning of these management systems such as finance, marketing, personnel systems, etc. In other words, modern investment management is based on the efficient risk management and this is only achievable through the establishment of a functional management systems in the organization. Thirdly, management systems in some industries are facing acute challenges, leading to low productivity. This is because the management systems are I'll established and therefore continue to fall off from peak best to low best scenarios, in terms of earnings and capitalization. This problem is peculiar with small firms, which are sometimes managed haphatheir activitdly by their owners. Moreover, as they are mostly run by their owners they lack the requisite talents and skills to apply modern managerial techniques. In addition, bigger firms have their own peculiar setbacks which downplay some of their activities. One of them is , management systems are not applied in a vacuum, instead, they require the application of certain resources and managerial techniques to raise productivity. The antidote for bigger firms is for them to apply the correct tools of management systems to match adequate resources at the same time. Management systems resources are people, technology, money and assets, and information. The management systems tools on the other hand are research data, team work, strategic planning, and timely decisions. These tools are applied to ensure the judicious use of scarce resources and the ability of the organization to realize its goals and targets. M

Review Article : Application of Alginate as Food Additive []


Indonesia has great potential in producing alginate. Currently, alginate is widely used as a safe food additive. This review article aims to explain seaweed which can be used as alginate material, alginate extraction method, alginate quality and alginate application for food product development. Based on the results of the study that alginate can be extracted from the types of seaweed Sargassum sp and Turbinaria Sp. The alginate extraction method can be done in 7 methods. The quality of alginate is regulated in JECFA (The FAO / WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives) standards. Alginate has been widely applied as a food additive in the manufacture of comaboko (as an emulsifier, ice cream (as a stabilizer) and dodol (as an edible coating to slow down food decline).

ARTICLE REVIEW OF FISH SKIN GELATIN []


The purpose of this review article is to examine the potential of fish skin as a raw material for gelatin production, the method of extracting gelatin from fish skin and the quality of fish skin gelatin from the results of research con-ducted in Indonesia and the application of gelatin. Based on a review of various articles and other literature, it can be concluded that Indonesia has a relatively large potential for fish skin as a raw material for gelatin. The stages of the method of making gelatin consist of immersion in an acid solution, extraction using water and finally drying. The quality of fish skin gelatin as a result of research conducted in Indonesia varies greatly depending on the type of fish skin and the method of extraction. Gelatin can be applied both for food and non-food products.

The Influence of Career Development and Work Commitment on Employee Performance of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing []


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of career development and work commitment on the performance of the employees of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The population in this study was 98 employees at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The determination of the number of samples in this study is to use the census method, which is all taken as a sample of 98 employees. The analysis tool used is multiple linear regression using SPSS software. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that (1) Career development and work commitment have a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) Career development has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; and (3) work commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

A REVIEW : FISH PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES []


The purpose of this review article is to examine the enzymatic production method for HPI and the factors that influence it, characteristics and application and development of HPI. Based on the results of a review of various articles published in journals and literatures, it can be concluded that the HPI manufacturing method consists of preparation, hydrolysis and drying stages. Factors that influence the hydrolysis process are temperature, time, pH, concentration and ratio of enzymes to protein, the type of protease used and the time of hydrolysis. The most important characteristic of HPI is the ratio of amino acids free nitrogen to total nitrogen which is called the degree of protein hydrolysis. HPI can be applied in the food sector (fortification and food additives) and non-food (pharmacy). The development of HPI is as a basic ingredient for making savory barbeque flavor.

Modeling the Effects of Nutritional Withdrawal on CD4 Cell Count Among HIV/AIDS Patients Using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). []


ABSTRACT: Background: HIV positive patients on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs requires increased calories to realize the full potential of their treatment. Therefore, nutritional intervention programs for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a great relief to secure the nutrition insecurity of individuals receiving antiretroviral drugs. This study aims to examine the withdrawal effects of the nutritional intervention on CD4+ cell counts and model the effects of body mass index (BMI), blood hemoglobin levels (HB) on CD4+ cell counts before, during and after the initiation of the intervention among PLWHA. Methods: The analysis was performed using data from a retrospective cohort study of 501 PLWHA who started ART from 2007 to 2011. Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) was used to model the CD4+ cell counts before, during and after the initiation of the intervention. The technique based on repeated measurement within subjects, allows for modeling the within-subject variability. The quasi-likelihood method of estimation was adapted. The Autoregressive working correlation structure was use to account for correlation over time. Results: There was a positive correlation between the HB levels of the HIV/AIDS patients and their CD4+ cell counts. There was an inverse relationship between age of patients and CD4 cell counts. The nutritional intervention positively influences the health indices of PLWHA during the intervention. The mean CD4+ cell count improved from 223.19cells/µL to 367.44cells/µL during the intervention. The withdrawal of the nutritional intervention decreases on the average CD4 cell count from 367.44cells/µL to 356.95cells/µL. BMI predicts a positive CD4+ cell count of patients. During nutritional intervention, patients gain weights and this improve on the CD4+ cell counts. Contribution: The model strongly predicts the linear interaction of HB and time, suggesting the corresponding larger increase in the mean CD4 cell count. The withdrawal resulted in an average reduction of 172.88 cells/µL in the CD4 cell count.

Resolving the incredible Nigerian National Power Grid Collapse Frequency through Reliable SCADA/EMS Deployment []


Over an eighteen year period, beginning from year 2000, the Nigerian electricity power grid incredibly collapsed both partially or totally for five hundred and forty six (546) times. This collapse frequency is due majorly to the lack of a functional and reliable SCADA system that usually perceives disturbances and employs mitigating actions. The current SCADA system in use by the Nigerian grid Controllers is plagued by poor communication infrastructure, analogue substations, rigidity of the SCADA system itself as well as inefficiency of the user and maintenance departments to drive a system they barely know about. This research points out these limiting factors that have inhibited the viability of the system and consequently the lack of visibility of remote substations by the National Control Centre (NCC), a situation which has accordingly amplified grid management challenges. The research has therefore advised a solution based procurement approach smart enough to train TCN staff sufficiently, deploy a survivable and resilient communication backbone, automate power stations and modularly but incrementally deploy a new SCADA/EMS for easy integration, maintainability and sustainability.

Investors’ Perception Toward Stock Market: An Empirical Survey on Investors of Bangladesh []


Stock market is one of the key components of financial system which enable firms to raise capital that contribute to the acceleration of economic development of any country. Stock market has become globally an attractive investment platform for the investors. However, volatility is a common phenomenon of the stock market that make investment difficult to the investors. A remarkable number of investors in the least developed and developing countries are not enough informative about the inherent features of the stock market and thus face difficulties for their secure investment. As a results market become more volatile and investment decision become more critical. This study is conducted to understand the investors’ perceptions towards the stock market and their investment. A well-structured questionnaire is designed to collect investors opinions towards different stock market related mechanisms and investment policies. We collect data from 200 investors purposively from different broker house of Dhaka and Rajshahi city of Bangladesh. Descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test are being used to assess the impact of different socio-economic determinants to investors’ opinions. We believe that this work will contribute to improve the investors awareness regarding stock market and investment mechanism that boost up investment atmosphere in Bangladesh.

Article Review : Characteristics of Fish Protein Concentrates of Freshwater Fish []


The purpose of this review article is to study the different types of aquatic fish that can be processed into protein concentrates, methods of making protein concentrates and characteristics of freshwater fish protein concentrates. Based on the results of various articles and other libraries can be concluded that the types of freshwater fish that can be processed into fish protein concentrates are siamese catfish, tilapia, snakehead fish, and catfish. The method of making fish protein concentrate in general uses ethanol sol-vent and isopropyl alcohol. The value of proximate (chemical) and physical characteristics of freshwater fish protein concentrates from various research results that have been done varies greatly depending on the type of fish and its extraction method.