Volume 11, Issue 11, November 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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The capital of Afghanistan and the smoke caused by coal in the winter season, the use of solar energy on a small scale to solve this big challenge []


One of the most important problems in big cities is air pollution, which can be harmful to human health and the environment. Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is also one of the most polluted cities in Afghanistan and the world. Its geographical location, low wind speed, excessive use of coal in industrial factories and the of buildings and apartments, old and non-standard cars, dirt roads and alleys increase the amount of air pollution in this city. Carbon monoxide is one of the most important air pollutants. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of measuring CO concentration in the open air of Kabul city and comparing it with the air quality standard. In this descriptive-analytical study, the concentration of carbon monoxide during the four seasons of urban open air in 2018 was conducted. In order to check the changes of air pollutant (CO), the data available on the website of the National Environmental Protection Agency of Afghanistan was used. According to the results of the study, the concentration of carbon monoxide has reached its maximum during the second six months of 2018. There are different solutions to solve this challenge. Considering the increasing needs of the citizens of Kabul for thermal energy in the winter season to heat their houses and also to end the crisis caused by fossil fuels in the future of Kabul, the existence of solar energy and its use in small scales such as houses, apartments, etc, can be an effective step to reduce air pollution caused by coal smoke. Also, in this research, using reliable books and articles in order to use more solar energy for heating houses, apartments and providing hot water by solar water heaters and how they work in order to minimize the air pollution of Kabul city.

ENHANCING INTERNAL ILLUMINATION IN A SPORTS COMPLEX USING PASSIVE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN APPROACH. []


This research explores the crucial dimensions of quality, distribution, and sustainability in illumination within sports complexes, emphasizing the interplay between architectural context, strategic design measures, and factors such as light distribution, source characteristics, and directionality. Beyond artificial lighting, the study delves into passive daylighting solutions, investigating the role of skylights, sun portals, and high-performance glazing in optimizing internal illumination. The multifaceted challenge of enhancing internal illumination in sports complexes requires a holistic approach that aligns with sustainability principles and visual comfort metrics. The literature review highlights the significance of consistent light levels, visual comfort metrics, and the under-exploitation of natural resources, particularly daylight. Daylighting solutions, including skylights, sun portals, high-performance glazing, and light shelves, are explored. The lighting requirements for sports facilities, energy-efficient solutions, and a case study of Northumbria University Sports Central are presented. The discussion emphasizes functional lighting requirements, human-centric lighting, energy-efficient solutions, uniform illumination, adaptability for different sports, glare control, and maintenance considerations in sports complex illumination.

ENDOGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND NATURAL CONSERVATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN WEST CAMEROON []


This article deals with the contribution of endogenous knowledge in the process of conservation of food products in West Cameroon. Endogenous knowledge is deepest in West Cameroon. In recent decades, the modernization of farming techniques has disrupted the realities and habits of populations. It is clear that despite this surge in modernism, many populations in West Cameroon have remained attached to their ancestral realities. However, crops that are perishable foods face numerous risks of rot. It is in this sense that this article aims to explore some mechanisms for the conservation of food products in West Cameroon, in an endogenous and cultural context. The postulate that emerges from this initiative is that rural populations have developed resilience strategies in the face of the problem of product conservation. To achieve such a result, it was important to use varied methodologies, both through documentary collection, field data collection, and verification and validation of the extracted information. Thus, it appears from the analyzes carried out that there are several endogenous strategies for preserving food products in West Cameroon, including drying, smoking and exposure to sunlight.

Influence of The Price of Gold, The Price of Crude Oil, and Exchange Rate to Bitcoin Prices During the Covid-19 Pandemic []


The covid 19 pandemic has a negative impact globally, such as financial crisis, political crisis, high unemployment rate, disruption supply chain. This study is examining the relationship between the price of gold, the price of crude oil, and exchange rate (USD/IDR) to Bitcoin during the Covid-19. A time series analysis by using ADCC-GARCH method and a simple linear regression are conducted in this research. The result shows that USD/IDR exchange rate doesn’t have a significant relationship to Bitcoin, while there’s a significant relationship between the price of gold and Bitcoin price. In addition, the price of crude oil has a significant relationship to Bitcoin price.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHEMATICS I-A AND BASIC ELECTRICITY PERFORMANCE AMONG T.L.E 20 STUDENTS []


ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to determine the Relationship between Mathematics 1-A and Basic electricity performance among TLE 20 students and to determine further its relationship to the academic performance in T.L.E 20 (Basic Electricity). The variables under consideration were the academic performance of students in Basic Principle and Circuitry in T.L.E 20 as a dependent variable and the Statistical skills, Numeracy skills, Problem-solving skills in Math I-A were independent variables. The respondents of this study were the Sixty-four (64) third year college students of which thirty-one (31) were males and thirty-three (33) were females. To determine the performance level of students, the data were collected from 64 students through separate structured validated questionnaire of Math I-A and Basic Electricity (T.L.E 20) of third year BSED students of Kolehiyo Ng Pantukan using the simple random sampling technique. For analysis, Multiple linear regression model, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis were used. The findings revealed Math I-A in Statistical skills is significantly contribute the academic performance of Basic Electricity (T.L.E 20). of students. The future researcher may continue quantitative research on how mathematics performance affects in the T.L.E 20 students’ academic performance. Keywords: Academic Performance, Basic Principle, Third-Year Students, Statistical Skills, Quantitative-Descriptive Correlation Education, Circuitry, Philippines.

The Status, Ecological and Biodiversity Impacts of Invasive Plant Species in Ethiopia: A review Paper []


With its dramatic geological history, extensive latitudinal unfold, and substantial altitudinal range, Ethiopia spans an outstanding range of the world's extensive ecological regions. However, there are threats to biodiversity via invasive alien plant species (IAPS). These invasive alien species (IAS) pose the biggest threat to biodiversity after habitat destruction and a series of threats to ecology, agriculture (crop and livestock), livelihoods, and human health in the country. This paper aims to address the ecological impacts of IAPS on biodiversity, and socio–economic impacts of the species as well as their distribution status of the species through critical review of different literature ,document and reports . Recently, there are approximately 35 IAPS in Ethiopia. Some of those species consist of Prosopis juliflora, Parthenium hysterophorus, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara, and Acacia species, which are fundamental threats to biodiversity losses. Water bodies, lakes, wetlands, range land, grassland, and agricultural land are under threat of IAPS nowadays in the country. To decrease and manipulate such invasions, exclusive techniques are being carried out, such as prevention methods and mechanical control (quarantine method), in different parts of the country. To preserve the sustainability of the participation of all stockholders, multidisciplinary study processes inside and throughout countries were needed.

Réinvestir la littérature dans l'éducation citoyenne []


La culture citoyenne est une issue discursive capable de sauver les futures générations de la déperdition à laquelle les soumet une réalité dense mais condensée par une incontrôlable diffusion dans les réseaux sociaux et les nouveaux multimédias. Exploiter et réinvestir un matériau infiniment réutilisable qu’est la littérature dans l’éducation citoyenne peut être une prérogative éducative à intégrer aux programmes scolaires, ceux qui l’ont et qui ne l’ont pas encore investi. Parce que l’encadrement et l’orientation des jeunes est une responsabilité sociétale, elle doit commencer par apprendre à tout un chacun ses droits et responsabilités dans la société qui le prépare et le soumet au monde. C’est pourquoi la citoyenneté reste une valeur estimable pour le nouveau monde.

IMPACT OF REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING APPROACHES ON GEOMETRIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA []


This study investigates the Impact of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and Mathematical Modelling (MM) approaches on geometric achievement and attitudes among senior secondary school students in North Central, Nigeria. A pretest and posttest control group factorial design were employed. four research questions were answered, and four hypotheses were tested in this study. The population of the study was made up of eight hundred and nineteen thousand nine hundred and eight (146,412) students in the Senior Secondary schools in North Central. Cluster sampling, purposive sampling and random sampling were used to select 361 students from twelve co-educational secondary schools in the North Central States of Nigeria that participated in the study. The schools were assigned to experimental groups; I, (RME), experimental group II (MM) and Control Group (Lecture Method). A Geometry Achievement Test (GAT) containing 20 – questions covering topics in Plane and Circle Geometry was used to collect data for both pre-tests and post-test while Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) was used for collecting data on attitude of students towards Geometry, experts validated the instruments. A Pearson product moment correlation and Crombach alpha formula were used to determine the reliability coefficient of GAT and MAQ which yielded 0.80 and 0.87 respectively, establishing the robustness of these instruments. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), inferential statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheff post hoc test was used. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results indicate significant differences in mean achievement scores among students taught Geometry using RME, MM approaches, and conventional lectures. In addition, both RME and MM approaches contribute to improved attitudes towards Geometry. Furthermore, an interaction effect between Realistic Mathematics Education, Mathematical Modelling approach, and conventional lecture methods on Students Geometry Achievement was observed. These findings have notable implications for the evolution of curricula and the enhancement of instructional strategies in mathematics education. The study provides valuable insights for educators seeking to improve geometry learning experiences and outcomes by employing effective instructional approaches. Keywords; Impact, Attitude, Achievement, Mathematical Modelling, Mathematics representation, Realistic Mathematics Education

ROLES OF BUILDING PROFESSIONALS IN PROMOTING BUILDING COLLAPSE MITIGATION STRATEGIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA []


Building collapses pose a significant threat to human lives and property, and their prevention demands a comprehensive understanding of the roles of building professionals in implementing mitigation strategies. This study investigates the perceptions of building professionals in Port Harcourt, Yenegoa, and Uyo regarding their roles in mitigating building collapses in the South-South region of Nigeria. The findings reveal that adherence to soil bearing capacity in plan and building development, adequate supervision throughout stages of building construction, adherence to building specifications, proper site inspection and soil tests, enforcement of building codes, inspection of building throughout the construction process, and public awareness campaigns are crucial roles identified by building professionals in the mitigation of building collapses. These roles reflect the professionals' commitment to ensuring construction quality and safety. Keywords: Building collapses, building professionals, mitigation strategies, South-South Nigeria, Disaster management, Building resilience

Assessment of waste disposal, and its impact awareness level of coastal communities in the Gurunagar fishery harbour, in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. []


Abstract Gurunagar harbour sea water quality has serious risk relating fishery operations due to untreated waste effluents generated as a result of land based external sources such as human settlements around coastal fishery landing site premises. The degree of water pollution is also raised by anthropogenic activities by dumping untreated wastewater in the coastal sea area which acts as a reservoir for reactive chemicals and lead to bioaccumulation in long-run. Gurunagar main domestic drainage, which are mixing up at the Gurunagar coastal sea and carrying heavy polluted effluents from upstream residential areas. These coastal waters are the ultimate receivers of the organic waste materials generated by surrounding residential areas. Gurunagar settlement has one of the options for disposal of their daily waste is sea outfall. A major part of wastewater is disposed into the sea, which pollutes the marine environment. The research has an assessment questionnaire study to identify coastal fishing communities’ attitudes and awareness on waste disposal and its hygienic health impact. A face-to-face survey was conducted with randomly selected residents at Gurunagar coastal site. A structured questionnaire was prepared to carry out the survey among 200 participants. Coastal and marine ecosystems at Gurunagar are being severely affected by dense human population and intensive habitat in this coastal region. It was found that 72% of residents in the study area disposed of waste in the drainage channels, whilst 24% disposed of waste in storm water channel and only 4% used the domestic waste for their home garden. The waste disposal found that 44% used open common places whereas 16% threw off coastal area, the rest of the residents accounting for 40% utilized disposable bins. Also shows that only 26% of the population utilized disposal bins whereas 24% directly disposed waste in common open places near coastal shore. Reveals that 74% of domestic wastes were collected by MC, remaining percentage of respondents said that 20% was collected by individuals, a negligible percentage (6%) replied that it was collected by private sectors functioning within the MC limit.It was found different types of collecting waste in the coastal area. According to the feedback obtained from the survey revealed that 68% said that there is a common collection pool whereas 32% adhered to collection at the doorstep. The majority (70%) answered that the waste collection occurs twice in a week, among the participants 14% said that it was about once a week and 16% strongly reported that the collection is irregular. It was found that 86% of people agreed that the landing site is often polluted by oil and grease discharge from fishery operations in the marine water whereas only 14% disagreed that there was negligible amount of oil spills into the harbour area. This water also contains debris of fish during cutting process and blood water, that act as a potential source of contamination. According to the survey, 84% agreed with the aforesaid clause whereas 16% disagreed. Harmful effects of water pollution in the landing site were found that the majority of the population (74%) in the coastal line agreed that coastal pollution impacts on human health rather causing damage to the living aquatic organisms. Problems relating to biodiversity were also reported by 14% of respondents in the survey. About 8% of feedback received for salinity related issues whereas 4% reported an increase in the water temperature. It shows several health effects reported by coastal residence, The most hazardous health issues relating to respiratory impairment and carcinogenic effects were reported by 28% of participants whereas 6% reported the effect of eye irritation. Negligible percentage stated that no odour nuisance near coastal pollution. Key words: Harbour pollution, Anthropogenic activities, Bioaccumulation, and Hazardous to biodiversity.

CONTRIBUTION AND CHALLENGES OF ADOPTION OF DRIP IRRIGATION KIT TECHNOLOGY TO CROP DIVERSIFICATION AMONG COMMUNITIES IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA []


Embracing crop diversification contributes to sustainable agriculture, resilient communities, a healthier environment. The adoption of drip irrigation kit technology has not only improved water efficiency, but has also played a pivotal role in encouraging crop diversification and enabling farmers to explore a wider range of crops in a sustainable and resource-efficient manner. Despite the benefits, the adoption of drip irrigation kit technology faces several challenges in promoting crop diversification. This study was carried out to establish the contribution and challenges of adoption of drip irrigation kit technology to crop diversification in Kajiado County, Kenya. The target population for the study was 155 small-scale drip kit irrigation farmers in three wards (Namanga, Mashuru, and Isinya) in Kajiado County. It also involved ten key informants sourced from community local leaders, ward agricultural extension officers (WAO) and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Scientists who have been coordinating the donor funds and the government of Kenya funded farming technologies in the area. Data from the questionnaires were coded to open data kit (ODK) software, then imported to excel and SPSS software for analysis. Results showed that 30% of the respondents diversified their crops to increase crop yields and reduce losses while 22.5% diversified to introduce new crop varieties. Results also showed that 35% of the respondents rated the contribution of drip irrigation kit technology on influencing crop diversification as high. Further, blocking of drip irrigation pipes was a major challenge for 35.3% of the respondents. The study concludes that drip irrigation kit technology is an approach that will go a long way in positively affecting the livelihoods of the community in the study area and therefore need for strengthening measures to promote the technology for economic use and utilize the available water.

ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CORN HAIR (ZEA MAYS) AS AN ALTERNATIVE INSULATOR MATERIAL IN HEAT EXCHANGERS []


Corn hair biomass (zea mays) is an agricultural commodity that is available in large quantities and is underutilized. In this research, corn hair biomass was used as an insulating material to reduce heat loss in heat exchangers in the form of heating pipes. Tests were carried out using corn hair as an insulating material. Variations in the thickness of the insulators used are 0.005 m, 0.01 m and 0.015 m. Corn hair (zea mays) is wrapped around a copper pipe that has a diameter of 1.22 cm and a length of 28 cm. The inlet water temperature is 71.50C ± 10C, the outlet water temperature is 70.50C ± 10C, the pipe surface temperature is 65.50C ± 1.50C and the corn hair (zea mays) surface temperature is 370C ± 1.50C. The results of the research show that the smallest heat transfer rate occurs in corn hair with a thickness of 0.015 m, namely 87.2 watts, while the highest heat transfer rate occurs in corn hair with a thickness of 0.005 m, namely 93.95 watts. This happens because the thicker the insulator, the smaller the rate of heat transfer that occurs. The thermal conductivity that occurs for variations in the thickness of corn hair (zea mays) is at a thickness of 0.005 m it is 1.181 W/m.0C, at a thickness of 0.01 m it is 1.654 W/m.0C and at a thickness of 0.015 m it is 1.881 W/m.0C. The thermal conductivity values that occur for variations in corn hair thickness are different, this is more due to the non-uniform density of the corn hair arrangement.

RHEOLOGICAL, MICRONUTRIENTS AND MICROBIAL QUALITY OF IDLI PRODUCED FROM BLENDS OF RICE (Oryza sativa), AFRICAN YAM BEAN (Sphenostylis sternocarpa) AND PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan) []


This study investigated the micronutrient and microbial qualities of idli from blends of rice, African yam bean and pigeon pea. Pigeon pea and African yam bean (AYB) whole seeds were cleaned, soaked in hot water (80 °C for 30 minutes), manually dehulled and sundried to obtain dhals. The processed dhals, black gram dhals (control) and rice were washed and soaked in water separately for 5 hours at room temperature (29 ± 2 °C). The dhals were wet-milled separately into a smooth batter, while the rice was ground to a coarse batter. The rice and dhals were blended in the ratio 2:1. One gram of common salt was added to the blended batters, mixed and allowed to ferment for 14 hr at room temperature (29 ± 2 °C). The fermented batters were placed in idli moulds with cup-like depressions and steamed for 15 minutes in idli steaming pot to obtain idli. The micronutrients and microbial qualities of the flours and idli samples were analysed using standard methods. The Calcium varied from 36.75 to 51.64 mg / 100 g, magnesium 84.21 to 156.33 mg / 100 g and vitamin B2 0.48 to 0.89 mg / 100 g. Lactic acid bacteria count increased from 1.0 to 2.8 × 105 cfu/g, yeast from 1.0 to 6.0 × 10 cfu/g in the idli batters and no mould was observed in the steamed idli products. Quality idli can be produced from blends of rice, African yam bean and pigeon pea.

THE INFLUENCE OF AUDIT QUALITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND AUDITOR COMPETENCY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN PROVINCIAL INSPECTORATE OFFICE OF SOUTHEAST SULAWESI []


This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of audit quality on organizational performance at the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Inspectorate. Independence on organizational performance. Auditor competency on organizational performance. This research is explanatory with a population and sample of 46 people. This research data was collected using a questionnaire and processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study found that audit quality has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. This means it is getting the higher the audit quality, the higher the organizational performance. Independence has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. This means that the higher the independence, the higher the organizational performance. Auditor competency has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. This means that the higher the auditor's competency, the higher the organizational performance.

Effective Evaluation of Workshop Based Instruction for Quality Automobile Technology Craftsmen Development in Depressed Economy []


The study identified skills required for effective management of technical college workshops in a depressed economy in Rivers State. A total population sample of one hundred and twenty-nine (129) vocational/technical teachers of the various governments technical colleges in Rivers State. The data for the study was generated through management of questionnaire containing thirty items. Survey research was used. The t-test statistics was used in analyzing the data. The findings of this study also agreed to that of the National Policy on Education (2014:7) as specified that success of any system of education is hinged on proper planning. Therefore, teachers should have good knowledge about planning of materials and tools to be used in laboratories. Such plans include; procurement of tools, equipment and materials that would be needed for developing course outline unit lessons, developing work objectives, provide work schedule, methods to be used for the lessons, time required and number of students to be scheduled in the workshop at a time. It was therefore recommended that technical skill is proficiency, based on specific knowledge, in a particular area of work. To have technical skills means that a person is competent and knowledgeable with respect to the activities specific to an organization, the organization’s rules and standard operating procedures, and the organization’s products and services. Technical skill is most important at supervisory levels of management, less important for middle managers, and less important for top managers such as CEOs and senior managers. Finally, technical skill is proficiency in working with things.

THE IMPACT OF RISK FACTORS ON PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE IN SOMALI REGION OF ETHIOPIA: A CASE OF GOVERNMENT FINANCING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS []


The general of objective of this study were to assess the impact of risk factors on project implementation and performance in Somali region: a case of government financing construction projects. The study was employed a descriptive survey method. The researcher was chosen road construction projects and bridge building construction project as study area. Similarity 57 % respondents from public bureau, 33% from contractors and 10% from consultancies were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Also, the study was employ questionnaires, interview and observation as instruments of data collection. Major findings were: the study exposed majority construction projects staff are dominated by male (94%), as compared to females (6%) and this typify that gender imbalance exist in construction projects participation. Also, the study found the top ten foremost risk factors (RF) that have a pessimistic impact on construction projects implementation and performance in highest score with an RII score of 0.522353%, with percent 100% and lowest score with an RII score of 0.451765 with percent 3.80% are Poor safety method cause chance of risk occurrence and unavailability of labour, material and equipment. Lastly, conclusions were drawn from the critical factors derived from the findings of the summary of the study. Recommendations for correcting the impact of risk factors on project implementation and performance were based on conclusions drawn.

Reliability and Availability of a Gas Turbine Power Plant []


Gas turbines play a crucial role in meeting power demands, However, in Nigeria, a significant number of gas turbines operate well below design standards due to inadequate maintenance, leading to Availability and Reliability levels far below the required standards. In this study, we conducted a Reliability and Availability Analysis and Performance Evaluation on a Gas turbine Power Plant (8 GTs) situated in the southwestern region of Nigeria. The findings from the period between 2016 and 2022 reveal substantial shortfalls in energy generation, ranging from 22.87% to 32.49%, compared to the acceptable value of 5-10%. The capacity factor of the power plants varies from 21.81% to 51.70%, falling short of the international benchmark of 50-80%. Similarly, the Plant Use Factor and Utilization Factor, ranging from 67.51% to 74.95%, are well below the international best practice of over 95%, indicating severe underutilization of the generating units. These underutilization issues are attributed to insufficient routine maintenance and equipment faults. Reliability indicators analysis shows that the mean time between failures ranges from 66 to 609 hours, mean downtime varies from 40 to 655 hours, while plant yearly availability and reliability range from 44.82% to 68.53% and 30.67% to 61.94%, respectively. These figures are significantly lower than the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' recommended standard of 99.9%. The research highlights several reasons for downtime, including inadequate natural gas, poor maintenance culture, and high frequency from the National grid system. Additionally, design errors, human errors, and the use of substandard equipment contribute to early failures. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the urgent need for better maintenance practices and operational improvements in gas turbines across Nigeria. Addressing these challenges is essential to enhance the reliability and availability of power plants, bringing them closer to international standards and ensuring an efficient and stable power supply.

FACTEURS DE RISQUE CARDIOVASCULAIRE CHEZ LES PATIENTS JEUNES ADMIS EN CATHETERISME DU CHU ME LE Luxembourg POUR SYNDROME CORONARIEN AIGU du 01 Octobre 2020 au 31 Mars 2022. Bamako-Mali []


Nous avons mené une étude transversale, descriptive et rétrospective, sur 18 mois allant du 01 Octobre 2020 au 31 Mars 2022 ayant concerné tous les patients âgés de moins de 45 ans ou égale, hospitalisés pour SCA confirmé à la coronarographie, afin de dégager les principaux facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire rencontrés dans cette pathologie chez le sujet jeune. Comme résultats, nous rapportons : Parmi deux cent trente-huit (238) patients admis pour SCA dans l’unité de Cardiologie interventionnelle du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) le Luxembourg, Cinquante un (51) étaient des sujets jeunes soit une prévalence hospitalière de 21,43%. Il existait une forte dominance masculine (84,31%) avec un sex-ratio de 5,375. L’âge moyen était de 40,43 ans. Les facteurs de risque étaient dominés par le tabagisme, le stress et la dyslipidémie dans respectivement 23,42%, 22,78%, et 13,92% des cas. Dans plus de la moitié des cas (76,47%), la présentation était un SCA avec sus-décalage (SCA-ST+) ; le territoire antérieur étendu était le plus concerné (35,3%). Il s’agissait le plus souvent d’atteinte mono tronculaire (47,1%) avec une atteinte préférentielle de l’inter ventriculaire antérieure IVA (51%). Mots –clés : Syndrome coronarien aigu, Sujet jeune, Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, Mali

EVALUATION OF THE JURISDICTION AND THE ROLE OF APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES TO THE OFFICES OF INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE []


The Permanent Court of International Justice (PCI) was created to develop international arbitral mechanism, to provide comprehensive system serving the international community and to prevent outbreaks of violence by enabling easily accessible methods of dispute settlement. It later metamorphosed to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) presided by autonomous judges regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices. The procedure for the appointment is highly scrutinized without recourse to any political influence. The ICJ is a judicial institution and exercise its jurisdiction on the basis of international law as it is not a governmental structure. The aim of this research is to discuss the role of International Court of Justice ICJ, to apprise the role of appointment of judicial officer and to discuss the Jurisdiction of Court of International Court of Justice (ICJ) on legal dispute. The research methodology adopted is doctrinal method by consulting text books, article(s), journal(s) and statutes.

PROPOSED INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS BASED ON THE RAO-SVM MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM []


Scientific developments based on special applications in information and communications at the end of the last century and the beginning of the third millennium led to the creation of a different reality in all fields, as many of the concepts and principles that regulate the work of these fields declined, and the educational field was not immune to this transformation and development, as methods tended And the methods for the educational process towards adopting everything that is modern so that educational decisions, responsibilities and roles keep pace with the modern interactive environment. This included scientific research that represents the qualitative development of educational contexts and structures. KeyWords Systems - Intrusion Detection - Machine Learning Algorithm - Rao-SVM .

Comparison between maximum bite force on first molar with prosthesis and contralateral first molar without prosthesis []


Background: Bite force is an indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system that results from the action of jaw elevator muscles modified by the craniomandibular biomechanics. Bite force measurement is essential in dental treatment as an extreme bite force on tooth may affect health of periodontium and increase risk of prosthesis fracture. A patient with low biting force may be helpful for the successful long-term outcome of prosthesis. A variety of devices has been used to record human bite force. Nowadays, sensitive electronic devices are used those are both accurate and precise enough. Recently, T-scan has been more popular to record the pattern of occlusion.The T-scan system precisely and dynamically records the occlusal contact time, force, and area in percentage.T-scan identify both force and timing which are the most fundamental parameters for measuring occlusion.The present study was designed to compare maximum bite force on first molar with prosthesis and contralateral first molar without prosthesis by using T-scan. Objectives: To compare maximum bite force (MBF) on first molar with prosthesis and contralateral first molar without prosthesis. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental type study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, BSMMU. The patients were selected by a consecutive sampling technique, requiring permanent restoration in endodontically treated first molar on one side and natural first molar on contralateral side. The selected tooth was prepared for full veneer crown following standard procedure with armamentarium. Symptomless patients up to 3 months were measured bite force on cemented prosthesis and contralateral natural tooth. Bite force was measured with T-scan for three times with 30 sec interval and highest value was recorded in a data collection sheet for each patient to compare maximum bite force on first molar with prosthesis and contralateral first molar without prosthesis in the same patient. Result: The maximum bite force at the first molar without prosthesis was 14.30 ±4.2% and first molar with prosthesis was 12.05 ±3.55%. Tooth without prosthesis maximum bite force was significantly more than the tooth with prosthesis.

THE STUDY ON INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR ECTO-PARASITE AFFECTING BACKYARD CHICKEN IN SELECTED DISTRICT OF GUDURU, HORO GUDURU WOLLEGA, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE ,ETHIOPIA []


Parasites are the main pathogenic agents, threatening the health of poultry and poultry products they can cause their direct pathogenic actions like irritability, dermatitis, anemia, decreased weight gain, and milk production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of external parasite of backyard chicken, and determine the species of external parasites of chicken with their predilection, and investigate the prevalence of ectoparasites of poultry managed under backyard system started from November 2021 to July 2022 in Guduru Woreda and its surroundings. A cross sectional studies were conducted from December 2021 to July 2022 in Guduru district. From384 chickens of different age groups, both sexes and breeds, 231/384 (60.15%) of chickens were infested with species of ectoparasites that mainly grouped into Lice 156(40.2%), fleas 62 (16.15%), and mite 13(3.38%). The prevalence of ectoparasites infection was 126(32.8) and 105(27.3 in Urban and Rural respectively, the difference in the prevalence of the parasites between Urban and Rural were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of ectoparasites infestation was higher in female 170(44.2%) chickens than males 61(15.815%) and higher in adult 146 (38.02%) than young /Growers chicken 85(22.15%), high in local breeds 189(49.218%) than exotic breed 42(10.937%). Five species of ectoparasites and their attachments site were identified. Those species ’names were menopon gallinae(18.498%) was found on the thigh, feather and breast, goniodes gigas(13.02%) was found on skin, wings, and body feather, gonicotes gallinae (9.11%)was found on wings, feather body ,and feather, and a species of flea(Echidnophaga gallinacae) 20.6% was found on eye, face, comb and wattle. while a single species of mite (Cnemidocoptes) 3.38% was found on base of feather, tail, and the vent area. When we conclude, ectoparasites was important factors in decrease of poultry production due to associated with lack of attention with respect to hygienic system, treatment and control practices. Based on the results it could be suggested that, good management, biosecurity and the education of farmers could be a vital measure to control poultry ectoparasites and improve the productivity of the chicken. Keywords: Backyard poultry, Ectoparasites, Guduru, Prevalence

Incidence and Patterns of Major Congenital Anomalies at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia []


Abstract Background: -Early developmental stages are susceptible to disruption because it is the period for organogenesis which refers to the 4th to 8th weeks of development. The congenital malformation is defined as “a permanent change produced by an intrinsic abnormality of development in a body structure during prenatal life”. Major congenital malformations in different populations around the world have shown considerable variation and range from less than 1% up to 8%. For various reasons, there is scarce data and research on birth defects in Ethiopia. Objective: - To assess the incidence of major congenital anomalies and their pattern of distribution at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 Methods: -A cross cross-sectional study was conducted at SPHMMC for 4 months, from September 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. All Women admitted for elective termination of pregnancy for fetal congenital anomaly were involved in the study. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were cleaned and entered into Epi Info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. In the analysis process, the frequency distribution of variables was calculated. Results: - Among a total of 4050 outcomes, there were 3675 deliveries and 375 cases of 2nd trimester abortion including elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (ETOPFA ), and safe and spontaneous abortions. Out of the total outcome, there were 115 major anomaly-affected cases making an incidence of congenital anomaly of 312.93 per 10,000 births or an overall proportion of birth defects of 2.8%. The mean age of mothers was 28+5. Of all 115 major anomaly-affected cases: the nervous system accounted for 33.3%, congenital heart disease for 19.6%, the digestive system for 19%, the genitourinary system for 12.4%, the musculoskeletal system for 5.9%, genetic/chromosomal 4.6%, the respiratory system 3.9% and the rest 1.3% were unclassified. Conclusions: The overall magnitude of birth defects was 2.8%. Seven patterns of major congenital anomalies were identified; the nervous system was the most frequent accounting for one-third, followed by congenital heart disease and the digestive system each accounting for almost one-fifth of major congenital anomalies. The medical workforce and managers should give emphasis to congenital anomalies. Keywords: Congenial anomalies, Hospital, Patterns, Addis Ababa

La conception de la batterie d’alimentation pour des activités expérimentales. []


Cet article souligne l'importance des travaux pratiques dans l'apprentissage. Les travaux pratiques permettent aux apprenants d'appliquer leurs connaissances théoriques en classe à travers une expérience concrète et interactive. Ils favorisent le développement de compétences pratiques telles que la résolution de problèmes, la pensée critique et la collaboration. De plus, l'article met en avant la conception d'une batterie fiable et efficace et la création de circuits sans soudure par les élèves. Les travaux pratiques sont un élément clé de l'apprentissage car ils offrent une expérience pratique qui renforce la compréhension théorique, développe des compétences pratiques et favorise l'autonomie des apprenants. Ils jouent un rôle essentiel dans la formation des apprenants en les préparant à relever les défis du monde réel dans divers domaines d'étude.

SMART PHONE MOBILE APPLICATION MODEL FOR TOILET EMPTYING IN KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY- UGANDA []


Management of sewerage in and around Kampala has been a big challenge that 44% of it has always been dumped in the rivers and lakes which has made the water unsafe for drinking, this challenge has persisted for long time. The main objective of the research was to design a mobile application model for fecal removal from filled up pits and help in integrating all the unregulated system that has been used for a long time. There has been several individuals and companies that have been handling this kind of activity but expensively and un-reachable by the majority poor urban community. This research adopted the design science research methodolo-gy to aid in the understanding and developing the artfacts or the model which aided in the development of the mobile application prototype to support the process of identifying and contacting pit emptying services. The ex-isting system had both benefits and challenges, the benefits ranged from contacting the service providers through phone call and hence the customer could be dealing with someone they trust or know but the weakness was that if the customer did not know the service provider then would never get services and this led to the de-velopment of a model to integrate all the existing systems into one and reduce the time wasted in searching for service providers. The developed model was tested and validated and does fulfill the purpose hence there is need to fully develop the mobile up to handle the process effectively and this app should integrate the payment system and tracking system for the clients.

Impact of Improved Dairy Technology Adoption on Rural Household Food Security: A propensity Score Matching Estimation in North, Ethiopia []


In Ethiopia, usually, small scale farmers are not adopted to use all kinds of improved dairy technologies. However, the improved dairy technology adoption has direct impact on the milk production and rural household food security. The objective of this study is to examine the adoption of dairy technology and its impact on rural household food security. The study is conducted in Basona Worena woreda, Amhara regional state Ethiopia. The farm household primary data were collected from 283 farmers consisting of 155 non technology user and 128 dairy technology users. This paper employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure used to determine the adoption of dairy technology and its association with household food security. Result of the finding shows that households’ using improved dairy technology adoption has increased the household food consumption score by 23.19% and household dietary diversity by 13.7%. This implies that Adoption of dairy technology has a positive and significant impacts on household food consumption and dietary diversity intake of technology users than non-users. Based on the findings of the study, introducing and disseminating appropriate dairy technologies to smallholders reduces the milk demand-supplygap in rural households and improves household food consumption and dietary diversity. A rural level milk collection center is also one of the rural institutes that provide dairy input to rural households. Such a center provides services such as market linkage for their milk product, advice, training, and information. Strengthened the centers create the environment for increased milk production in order to meet the consumption of smallholder farmers whose livelihood is dependent on it. Moreover, improve the smallholder’s purchasing power of nutritious and diversified food. Furthermore, the strong linkage among research institutes, extension, and agriculture bureaus enhance the attitude of farmers towards the technology adoption.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AFRICAN KILLER BEE Apis mellifera adansonnii VENOM EXTRACT AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT Acinetobacter species ISOLATES []


This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of African killer bee venom against antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species isolates, utilizing both extracted and commercial venom from Apis mellifera adansonnii. Acinetobacter species were isolated from four diverse sites, given its prevalence in the environment and its role as a nosocomial pathogen, causing infections in hospital ICUs. The study sites included Abattoir soil and effluent, ABUTH Gynecology department, and ABUTH Veterinary hospital examination table and tray. Among the sixty samples collected, 18 (56.28%) isolates of Acinetobacter species were recovered. Identification was based on colonial morphology, standard biochemical tests, and the AP120NE multi-test system. Venom extraction utilized an electric-shock collector device (VC-6F), and sterility was ensured through membrane filtration. Sensitivity tests on positive Acinetobacter species isolates were conducted for both extracted and commercial venom at concentrations of 7.81mg/ml, 15.26mg/ml, 31.25mg/ml, 62.5mg/ml, and 125mg/ml. The disc diffusion method revealed a multidrug-resistant pattern, with 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin, 90% to chloramphenicol, and 60% to colistin. No resistance was observed (0%) to imipenem. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) required to inhibit Acinetobacter species growth was 31.23mg/ml, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 62.5mg/ml. Column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified Am2, Am3, and Am5 as active components in the venom. HPLC identified Apamin, Melittin, and Phospholipase A2 as unknown components. Statistical analysis, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), showed no significant difference in the activity of extracted and commercial venom against Acinetobacter species isolates. However, a significant difference was observed between the activity of both venom types and imipenem.