Volume 12, Issue 11, November 2024 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Development and Optimization of an IoT-Based Smart Water Leakage Detection System in Water Pipelines with Real-Time Response Capability []


Water loss through leaking pipes constitutes a major challenge to the operational service of water utilities. In recent years, increasing concern about the financial loss and environmental pollution caused by leaking pipes has driven the development of efficient technology for detecting leakage in water piping networks. Development and Optimization of an IoT-Based Smart Water Leak Detection in Water Pipelines with Real-Time Response Capability is introduced to directly detect leakage and interventions are provided on time. The system consists of a simulation used to detect leak points in a pipe using water flow sensors. These sensors measure the in-flow and out-flow rates of water. When the out-flow rate is less than the in-flow rate, it indicates a leakage and automatically a turn-off of water flow . The water flow sensor sends signal pulses to an Arduino Uno for processing. The processed data from the Arduino is then transmitted to the cloud for storage and analysis via a GSM module. Additionally, an SMS notification is sent to a mobile phone to alert the user of any detected leaks. This system ensures continuous monitoring and prompt detection of leaks, preventing water wastage and potential damage. The integration of cloud storage and mobile notifications enhances the system's reliability and efficiency, making it a robust solution for leak detection in various applications. The results show that the designed system is able to measure the in and out flow rate of water and senses whether this quantity is unbalanced; therefore, the system stops as it detects a leakage somewhere. This project aims to implement a water leakage detection system for plastic water supply pipelines using Simulations. Keywords: IoT, Water Leakage Detection, GSM, Water Flow Sensor

CURRICULUM INSIGHTS: 62 ARTICLES THAT REDEFINE PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION []


This paper based its discussion on the complications embedded in curriculum planning, development, implementation, and assessment through a close observation of 62 studies. With reference to the core elements related to curriculum development. The nexus between these core components for learning outcomes and demand toward an adaptive framework meeting differentiated student needs and the current industrial requirements. This paper sought to find out findings based on the fact that ideal curriculum models must embrace adaptive, competency-based, sustainable, and personalized factors for effective curriculum models. However, persisting constraints of limited empirical validations of innovative frameworks, resource-related limitations, and lack of integration between disciplines under-score a continued need for adaptation and further improvement. The paper recommended to collaborate among the educators, industry stakeholders, and policymakers to ensure alignment between curriculum development and needs of the labor market to enhance the quality of learning experience through powerful mechanisms of evaluation. Only then will educational institutions succeed in really bettering preparations of students for subsequent further life challenges if these succeed in promoting a proactive, iterative approach for curricular management. Among those implications from the study some of them indicate indispensable characteristics of maintaining curriculum process approaches in innovative ways such to support equitable access in line with appropriate competencies.

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF BIAS IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE PLACEMENT AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT []


This paper explored the role of bias in performance appraisals and its effect on employee placement and career development. Biased evaluations can result in unfair role assignments, hindered promotions, and mismatches between employees’ skills and job placements, disproportionately affecting underrepresented groups. The consequences extend beyond individuals, diminishing overall morale, increasing turnover rates, and eroding trust in leadership. To combat these challenges, the paper offers several strategies to reduce bias in appraisal systems, with a particular emphasis on implementing standardized evaluation metrics. By establishing clear and specific performance criteria that apply consistently across all employees, organizations can minimize subjectivity and ensure fair assessments. Addition-al recommendations include providing comprehensive bias awareness training and incorporating 360-degree feedback to create a more holistic view of employee performance. Regular reviews of appraisal processes and fostering open communication are also essential for enhancing equity. Ultimately, addressing bias in appraisals leads to increased employee engagement and improved organizational out-comes, helping build a culture of fairness, accountability, and growth. Equitable appraisal practices are critical for both employee development and sustainable organizational success

Gaps and Challenges in Curriculum Planning, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation: A Literature Review []


This literature review investigates the gaps and challenges in curriculum planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. The literature in this review was gathered from several peer-reviewed articles and published on recognized websites. As reviewed in the literature, there are gaps and challenges that need to be addressed in each phases of curriculum – planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. The review identified diversity of learners, teacher and training preparedness, availability of resources, infrastructure limitations, and stakeholders engagement as challenges in curriculum planning. Meanwhile, insufficient training, collaboration and communication, cultural differences, assessment, and decision-making are the gaps and challenges in curriculum development. On the other hand, insufficient training and professional development, insufficient resources, poor school infrastructures, curriculum misalignment, and inadequate leadership are the challenges in curriculum implementation. Lastly, lack of training, lack of resources, technological integration, alignment issues, and administrative support are the gaps and challenges in curriculum evaluation. Overall, the identified gaps and challenges in this literature can be factors that can hinder the curriculum delivery, hence, can greatly affect the processes in the implementation of the curriculum.

A STUDY OF THE AFRICAN INDIGENOUS EDUCATION, ITS RELEVANCE AND LIMITATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO THE LUO INDIGENOUS EDUCATION []


This paper intends to analyze African indigenous education with a specific reference to Luo traditional education in Kenya. It attempts to critically examine African indigenous education and criticize the notion that Africans did not have an education system. The paper concludes by examining the limitations and relevance of African indigenous education to the modern development of Africa.

Connaissance des consommateurs du tabac sur les risques d’intoxication dans le quartier Plateau 1 ou Tchad dans la commune de Mont-Ngafula à Kinshasa/RDC []


Résumé : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale sur les risques d’intoxication du tabac réalisée auprès de 120 habitants du quartier Plateau 1 (Tchad) du 14 Aout au 16 Octobre 2024. Les résultats avaient révélé que 45,8% d’enquêtés ignoraient les risques d’intoxication et 33,3% en avaient connaissance et n’ayant aucune connaissance, 16,6%. 39,2% des consommateurs se situaient entre 26 et 35 ans avec une prédominance de 62,5% chez les hommes. Les conséquences majeures comprenaient les décès prématurés, des maladies cardiovasculaires, le cancer du poumon et de nombreux autres types de cancer. Au vu des résultats de cette étude, il s’avère important de lutter contre les facteurs influençant la consommation du tabac par l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des programmes préventifs nécessitant la prise en considération des différentes influences qui incitent les populations à fumer. Mots-clés : connaissance, consommateur, tabac, risque, intoxication.

CLASSES OF FACTOR-TYPE ESTIMATORS FOR ESTIMATING POPULATION MEAN USING AUXILIARY ATTRIBUTES UNDER SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING []


This study proposes an enhanced generalized class of factor-type estimators that incorporate auxiliary attributes to improve the accuracy of population mean estimates in survey sampling. Building upon existing work by Singh and Shukla (1987) and Saini and Kumar (2015), a modified estimator was developed and evaluated for its ability to yield more precise estimates compared to conventional estimators. The statistical software R (version 3.4.1) was employed to calculate mean square errors (MSE) and assess the percent relative efficiency (PRE) of the proposed estimator. Theoretical derivations of the bias and MSE were performed to ascertain the estimator’s characteristics, followed by efficiency comparisons with established estimators, including Naik and Gupta’s (1996) and Singh et al.'s (2007, 2008) models. Empirical validation was conducted using datasets previously used by Saini and Kumar (2020), with results indicating that the modified estimator demonstrates superior efficiency under specified conditions. Recommendations for survey practitioners include adopting the proposed estimator in scenarios with known auxiliary attributes, as well as integrating this approach within statistical software to enhance accessibility. This research contributes to improving the accuracy of statistical estimates in survey sampling, potentially benefiting large-scale studies and complex data environments.

RECONSTRUIRE L'ECOLOGIE POLITIQUE DU BIEN-ETRE COLLECTIF EN RDC []


The issue of the political ecology of collective well-being is central to the organization of modern societies. It assumes that living together must lead to the happiness of all members of society, which is moreover the ultimate goal of social organization and the power exercise. Re-constructing such an ecology assumes that it has been disrupted, perhaps destroyed and that it must be rebuilt to maintain the objective of living together. In this effort, and taking into account the socio-political situation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we must start from resilience as a willingness to face shock and disruption of all kinds, desire to return to usual situation. To do this, we must base ourselves on respect for the principles and texts, which govern this living together, but also on education favorable to assigned goal.

CURRICULUM COMPARISON IN PHILIPPINE EDUCATION: A CONSTRUCTIVISM LITERATURE REVIEW []


ABSTRACT Curriculum change is a catalyst for cultural advancement and goes beyond simply rearranging decks of cards. The present study focused on Curriculum Comparison in Philippine Education: A Constructivism Literature Review to evaluate different curriculums implemented in the Philippine Educational System to identify legal basis, objectives, salient features and core subjects of different curriculums utilizing qualitative research design. Additionally, the study found many themes based on teachers' experiences implementing the curriculum. The data were appropriately classified and processed for the theme analysis using the findings of various research and literatures. The finding showed that all curriculums were in lined with the 1987 Constitution in Article XIV, 2001 Governance of Basic Education Act, the 1982 Education Act, and RA 11476 or the GMRC and Values Education Act of 2020. Five distinct themes were found based on instructors' experiences implementing the curriculum. Theme 1: Transitioning from Direct Instruction to Self-Discovery Learning; Theme 2: Transitioning from Conventional Tools to Contemporary Technology; Theme 3: Transitioning from English-Only Instruction to Multilingual Education; Theme 4: Transitioning from Writing-Based Grading to Performance-Based Assessment; and Theme 5: Transitioning from No Read No Move to No Child Left Behind. Future research should evaluate how well the new curriculum affects teacher satisfaction, student outcomes, and the general standard of education over the long run.

Project Management in Large Organizations: Modus Operandi, Relevance, Challenges and The Way Forward []


Companies face new challenges needing to find ways to stand out from the competitors. All companies face new projects, which need to be managed efficiently in line with quality and time launching new products on the market ahead of competitors. This strategy requires enormous dexterity and agility within teams, which are increasingly multifaceted, multidisciplinary, and multifunctional. However, teams need to conciliate apparent freedom for creation with the sustainability rules, which are increasingly demanding, such as legislation and image that companies want to pass on to the market in terms of corporate social responsibility, ensuring a sustainable development of the companies. The goal of this work is to investigate and correlate the challenges faced in project management as well as the ways out. The study took an expository form, taking into account that there are strong relationships, as well as to learn how project management affects organization's social, environmental, and economical dynamics from the triple bottom line standpoint. The objective was to explore the latest challenges encountered in project management to be resolved in further research, the framework was based on the theoretical assumptions underpinning the present research. The basic structure of the developed framework is based on the framework of a matrix-based method for ordering and synthesizing data. Thus, network diagrams have been developed reproducing the links existing in the literature, both explicitly and implicitly. However, they were deeply expanded considering links not previously referred in the literature. An explanation about these new links is also provided, justifying their inclusion. Hence, the new diagrams offer a more complete landscape about how the adoption of agile practices in project management can improve sustainability in its different aspects, and vice-versa. The findings reveal that implementing project management induces direct effects on an organization's social, economic, and environmental dynamics of the companies, as well as in their teams, with a favorable effect on all of them ,resource and knowledge constraints, and communication barriers.

The Effectiveness of ‘Sema na Mahakama’ Independent Television (ITV) Program on Audiences’ understanding of Court Operations. []


Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of the television program of “Sema na Mahakama,” broadcasted on ITV, in raising public awareness on court operations in Tanzania. The program aimed to enlighten the citizens on judicial process, enhance legal literacy, and foster greater public engagement with the judiciary. The study examines the effectiveness of “Sema na Mahakama” ITV program on audience understanding court operations. Mixed-methods approach was employed whereby data collection was collected through questionnaires, interview and participant observation whereby Meaning construction theory framed this study. The findings indicate a significant increase in viewers’ awareness of various aspects of court operations, including court procedural knowledge, proper interpretation of laws, civil rights within the judicial system, and the role of different court personnel. Specifically, 61% to 80% of respondents reported a better understanding of court procedures through viewing the program, and felt more confident in their ability to navigate legal issues as a resulted of the program. The findings suggest that “Sema na Mahakama” has been effective in promoting legal awareness and improving public understanding of court operations. The program’s success underscores the potential of media initiatives in enhancing civic education and fostering transparency and accountability in the judiciary. The study recommends that, promotion of the program and extend its reach within local communities, strengthening community outreach partnerships with organizations like paralegals, religious institutions, and educational institutions is needed. Workshops or seminars should be organized in conjunction with the program to offer in-depth discussions and interactive learning experiences about court operations. Recommendations for future programming include incorporating more interactive elements and expanding coverage to address a broader range of legal topics. The study contributes to the broader discourse on media’s role in legal education and public engagement, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to make judicial processes more accessible and comprehensible to the Tanzanian populace.

Review of Journal Articles in Curriculum Planning, Development, Implementation and Evaluation []


The Philippines has launched a new curriculum framework aimed at addressing the persistent challenges in the education system, particularly under the K to 12 program. This literature review synthesizes findings from various studies that highlight the curriculum's focus on 21st-century skills, foundational competencies, and the need for a more flexible pedagogical approach. Despite these advancements, significant gaps remain in implementation, teacher preparedness, and resource allocation. This review identifies key findings, gaps, and recommendations for future improvements. The article "Curriculum Development Strategies for Improving Student Engagement" presents various strategies aimed at enhancing student involvement in the learning process. It emphasizes the importance of creating engaging and meaningful learning experiences that go beyond traditional teaching methods. By incorporating hands-on activities, student-centered learning, and culturally responsive teaching, the article outlines a framework for developing curricula that foster active participation and motivation among students. The strategies discussed aim to empower educators to design effective curricula that resonate with diverse learners. This study investigates the perceptions of Filipino teachers and school administrators regarding the various factors that facilitate and hinder curriculum implementation in the Philippines. Employing a quantitative research design with 324 respondents, the study identifies key themes influencing curriculum delivery. Findings indicate that effective teacher training and resource availability are crucial for successful implementation. However, challenges such as policy inconsistencies and inadequate infrastructure persist, particularly in rural areas. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to address these issues and enhance educational outcomes. This study evaluates the K-12 curriculum in the Philippines, focusing on its effectiveness and alignment with educational goals. Utilizing a comprehensive evaluation framework, the research examines various components of the curriculum, including its design, implementation, and outcomes. The findings indicate that while the K-12 curriculum aims to enhance educational quality and relevance, significant challenges remain in its execution. Issues such as inadequate teacher training, resource constraints, and misalignment between curriculum objectives and classroom practices were identified. The study emphasizes the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation to ensure that the curriculum meets the evolving needs of students and society.