Volume 12, Issue 12, December 2024 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Encapsulation Techniques for Probiotic Non-Dairy Products: A Comprehensive Review []


There is an increasing demand for non-dairy foods, mainly due to prevailing conditions like lactose intolerance, dairy allergies, and the growing popularity of plant-based diets. This growing demand has augmented the need for non-diary food products that act as effective probiotic carriers. Probiotics face challenges such as low survival rates in non-dairy environments and harsh gastrointestinal conditions. Encapsulation offers a promising solution by providing a protective barrier that enhances probiotic stability and delivery efficiency. Several encapsulation techniques, such as spray drying, extrusion, coacervation, fluidized bed drying, and emulsion techniques, are used to encapsulate probiotics in different biomaterials. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and limitations. This review discusses several probiotic-encapsulated non-dairy food matrices such as fruit and vegetable-based products, bakery products, confectionary items, meat products, gummy products, sauces, etc. These products have gained popularity in the recent past, mainly due to their perceived health benefits. However, encapsulating probiotics in non-dairy food products has several challenges, including exposure to harsh pH conditions, issues with storage stability, and sensitivity to temperature fluctuations. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of encapsulation technologies to expand the application of probiotics in the non-dairy food market, paving the way for future advancements in this field.

Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior on Online Shopping of Online Shop in Mandalay []


The study to Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior on Online Shopping of Online Shop in Mandalay. The study uses descriptive research to analyze quantitative data from consumer buying behavior on online shop of consumers in Mandalay, using a simple random sampling of 263 Consumers. The study investigates, how buying behavior of affects consumer behavior by using survey questionnaires. People are a significant component of the online shopping in online shop market. The consumer buying behavior of the online shopping an opportunity for online consumers and online shop in Mandalay, Myanmar. The results the consumer buying behavior to online shopping affects the online consumers. The data hence collected, satisfaction drawn would help online buying buyer to understand of the consumers.

Social Impact of E-Commerce in Balochistan []


This study examines the social impact of e commerce in balochistan that the Balochistan e-commerce industry faces, illuminating the region's distinct dynamics within the framework of digital commerce. Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study looks at the present situation of e-commerce in Balochistan, pinpoints the obstacles impeding its expansion, and draws attention to possible avenues for growth. For politicians, companies, and scholars seeking to comprehend and improve e-commerce in this unique and important geographic region, the findings offer insightful information.

Exploring Hassanabdal’s Local Sikh Community Perspective on Religious Tourism []


Sikh tourism in Pakistan is a rich tapestry of cultural, religious, and historical significance, drawing pilgrims and visitors from around the world to sacred sites and landmarks. One such focal point is Hasan Abdal, a town settled in the heart of Punjab, Pakistan, renowned for its significant Sikh heritage and home to several historic Gurdwaras. This research endeavors to unravel the complex dynamics of Sikh tourism in Hasan Abdal by focusing on the perspectives, experiences, and aspirations of the local Sikh community. Data was collected from 59 members of Hasan Abdal’s Sikh community through survey forms and interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic and SPSS analysis. Sikh community of Hasan Abdal had been in view that Pakistan has a potential for religious tourism. By engaging in Sikh related tourism frequently, community seems a positive impact on social, cultural and economic wellbeing of members in particular. Data also revealed that local Sikh community demands government to introduce new initiative to increase Sikh tourist’s influx which could simultaneously help to improve Pakistan’s status internationally. Additionally, data supported the role of concerned authorities in recent past to enhance tourism particularly Sikh tourism. However, Security concerns could overshadow the facilitative efforts.

The Semiconductor Problem of India []


This paper aims to address the research gap regarding India's progress in the semiconductor industry, which has been extensively researched for other countries such as China and the United States. Specifically, it investigates the path that India should take in terms of investing in the complete supply chain or being part of the supply chain. Additionally, it examines the measures taken by the Government of India for establishing semiconductor fabs in the country and the challenges faced by the Quad initiative, which India is part of. The paper uses a qualitative research methodology for the challenges of the Quad initiative and a mixed-methods research methodology for the measures taken by the Indian government. The findings reveal several challenges for India in setting up a semiconductor supply chain, such as trust issues, red tape, lack of incentives, and environmental challenges. The paper concludes that the Indian government needs to provide tax benefits, incentives, and initiatives for foreign companies to participate in the Quad's supply chain and invest in human capital to strengthen the country's position in the semiconductor industry.

India Maritime policy analysis - focusing on Bay of Bengal []


This paper explores India’s maritime policy with a focus on SAGAR using the Bay of Bengal as a case study. The study starts with a highlight on the key features of SAGAR. It then goes on to shift focus towards the Bay of Bengal, which has been touted as the “Next Theater for Power Play in Asia” (Kabir, Ahmed 2015). The paper uniquely approaches the power struggle in the Bay from the perspective of 3 super-powers, namely, the Republic of India, People’s Republic of China, and the United States of America. Through the research of scholars from all 3 countries, we aim to cover the central argument of the paper, which is, to display the differences and similarities in the 3 point-of-views and attempt to bridge research gaps in the existing literature. The scope of our study will be limited to matters that may directly or indirectly affect India’s position, with respect to, having control of vital trade channels. A focus will be made on China’s ambitions in this region and the US’s approach to quelling these ambitions. The countries have identified the political and economic importance of the Bay and therefore have redirected their attention from land to sea. The conclusion this paper comes to is that mutual trust and cooperation is the best strategy to mitigate any crisis in the region.

Impact of Covid-19 on Indian Education []


The goal of this research is to show how COVID-19 has affected education systems around the world. This study focused on the impact of online education on students of various age groups by performing primary research in the form of a survey. We were able to draw a few correlations from this primary study, which gives us a better insight of students' current condition. We were able to derive the benefits and drawbacks of online education after reading several other research articles. Overall, this research aims to provide a truthful and unbiased perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on the educational system, as well as an analysis of students' academic performance throughout the epidemic.

La contribution des Organisations Non Gouvernementales œuvrant dans le groupement de Miti sur les conditions de vie de la population []


Main objective of this study is to determine the impact of NGO activities on the living conditions of the populations of the Miti group. To gather the data, we used the inductive method. Three techniques took precedence: the documentary technique, the questionnaire and the interview technique. A representative sample of 164 people was selected. Our results show that NGOs working in the Miti group intervene in various fields: humanitarian, development promotion, environmental protection and human rights defense. At 55.48%, the activities of NGOs working in Miti have no visible influence on the socio-economic-health life of the population. Their interventions are limited to visible consequences as supported by 58.53% of respondents. These NGOs tackle the consequences instead of identifying the causes that are at the root of the deterioration of the living conditions of the population of Miti. NGOs often do not achieve their objectives due to poor choices of priority activities, misappropriation of funds allocated to activities and/or lack of sufficient funding. Almost all NGO actions are imposed on this population. In view of our results, we can note that NGOs work in a fairly complex field: their activities have very specific and very little visible positive effects. The presence of NGOs in Miti has both positive and negative effects. Their intervention has helped save lives, treat the sick and meet essential needs. However, one of the main limitations of NGOs in Miti is that they have developed around the paradigm of saving lives and relieving suffering. In other words, the fundamental issue is that NGOs treat the symptoms and not the causes.

FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPLETION OF GOVERNMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF JUDICIARY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS []


Government construction projects in Kenya, represent critical investments in infrastructure development. These projects not only bolster the nation's physical infrastructure but also play a pivotal role in enhancing service delivery to its citizens. Stalled government construction projects and their non-completion, both have significant implications for sustainable development. This is also accompanied by the destructive effects of poor public services, quality issues, budget overruns and wastage of resources resulting to impairing the national development agendas. This study investigates factors influencing completion of government construction projects in Kenya with a specific focus on the Judiciary's construction projects. The research explores factors influencing completion of government construction projects by focusing on variables of budget adherence, project staff competency, communication strategies, and stakeholder participation. Three theories were factored in the theoretical framework: the Theory of Constraints (TOC), Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory, and Agency Theory. Through adopting a descriptive research design and employing a stratified random sampling technique, this study engaged with respondents who are representatives of different subgroups within the population involved in the management of the institution’s construction projects. This target population was 64 participants comprising of Court Administrators, Planning & Organizational Performance officers, Building Services officers, Engineering officers, Survey officers, Superintendent officers and other judiciary staff. Additionally, external stakeholders, such as the Police and Lawyers, were considered since they are affected by project endeavours. Data collection methods encompassed both close and open-ended questionnaires, incorporating a Likert Scale to gauge respondents' perspectives on the study variables. The study placed a strong emphasis on ethical considerations, ensuring that participants' rights and privacy are upheld throughout the research process. Among the targeted 64 individuals, 55 respondents successfully completed the questionnaires, yielding an 85.94% response rate. The study shed light on factors influencing the completion of government construction projects within the Judiciary. The study concluded that projects adhering to allocated budgets tend to exhibit higher rates of successful completion. This finding was substantiated by the fact that over 80% of respondents expressed agreement or strong agreement on the importance of budgetary adherence in project completion. The study revealed that competent project staff, equipped with the necessary skills and expertise, plays a fundamental role in steering projects towards successful outcomes. This was evident from the mean index of 4.05, indicating a widespread consensus among the respondents regarding the impact of project staff competency on project completion. Effective communication strategies emerged as another factor influencing project completion. A notable 89.1% of participants acknowledged the influence of effective communication strategies on project completion. Stakeholder participation also emerged as another influencer in the completion of government construction projects. The study found out that actively involving stakeholders in project decisions and project activities significantly contributes to successfully completion of projects. This came from findings that revealed that 69.69% of respondents acknowledged stakeholder participation exerts substantial extent of influence on completion of projects.

THE EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE AND INFLATION ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA []


Economic development is one of the biggest problems in a country, where the economic development process requires investment funds. This study aims to determine the effect of the Rupiah exchange rate and inflation on foreign direct investment in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative methods. The samples in this study are the value of the foreign direct investment net inflow, the official exchange rate, and the inflation in Indonesia in the period 2018-2022 from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia). Data processing and analysis techniques used SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed that the Rupiah exchange rate partially had a negative and significant effect on foreign direct investment in Indonesia, and inflation had a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment in Indonesia. Simultaneously, Exchange Rate and Inflation variables have a significant effect on Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia.

Corpus Based Sentiment Analysis using Deep Learning for Ecommerce Customers Review []


Sentiment analysis is a new term brought about by the explosive rise of online commerce, social media, and internet use. Sentiment analysis offers a variety of services and goods. The largest computer network in the world is now made up of social media and e-commerce, where users may buy things or offer recommendations for services at any time and from any location. According to the experimental results, 92% of social media consumers believe online reviews and consider them to be as much as personalized advice, and 80% of customers have altered their thoughts after reading both good and negative evaluations about a product online. The study of sentiment and client preferences for the items presents a number of difficulties. Deep Learning (DL) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are used by academics to ascertain if a customer evaluation is good, negative, or neutral. This research's primary goal is to create a corpus-based method for categorizing reviews left by e-commerce Amazon consumers. Reviews are extracted from the Amazon data set by our suggested algorithm. The proposed research used CNN as a deep learning feature extractor and Decision Tree as a classifier to train our system. In order to improve accuracy, precision, recall, & f1 measure, the suggested system uses a corpus-based method that uses deep learning for sentiment categorization of customer feedback. The experimental findings demonstrate that our suggested approach outperforms current methods like SVM, KNN, and Naïve Bayes. Its accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 measure are 94.06%, 97.6%, and 97.8%, respectively.

Assessment And The Way Forward Of Less Adoption Of Mechanical Rice Transplanting In Gujranwala Zone []


ABSTRACT A field survey was conducted in the rice-wheat cropping system of the Gujranwala zone in Pakistan during the Kharif season of 2024 to identify the factors contributing to the inadequate mechanization of rice transplanting in the region. Data were collected from the districts of Gujranwala, Wazirabad, Hafizabad, and Mandi Bahauddin using a pre-tested questionnaire. Demographic analysis revealed that younger farmers exhibited a lower propensity for rice cultivation, despite the majority of respondents possessing formal education, land ownership, and utilizing tube wells for irrigation to rice crop. The findings indicated that while mechanical transplanting of rice (MTR) is recognized for its operational efficiency, several significant barriers impede its adoption. These barriers include challenges associated with nursery raising, precision land leveling, the high cost of transplanters, difficulties in obtaining spare parts, a lack of skilled labor for MTR, insufficient training on MTR, limited durability of plastic trays, a shortage of local expertise for repairing transplanters, issues with missing hills during transplanting, restricted access to credit facilities, soil conditions, reluctance to adopt mechanical rice transplanting, and mechanical malfunctions of the mechanical transplanter. The study identified nursery raising using specific techniques as the primary obstacle to MTR, with land leveling also recognized as a significant impediment. The high cost of imported machinery was noted as another critical factor. Notably, approximately 98% of farmers expressed a desire to adopt mechanical transplanting. The study suggests that practical solutions for nursery raising and the local fabrication of machinery at lower costs should be explored. Addressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes financial, educational, technical, and infrastructural support to enhance the accessibility and sustainability of MTR for farmers.

THE ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY ON MOON IS EQUAL TO 2 . 999 m⁄s^2 []


Motion is rotation and rotation is motion .If a force is applied to a wheel then the wheel rotates such that every point of it moves simultaneously in the vertical cycloid path to cover on the horizontal straight line path .Every celestial body is a sphere and it moves in the Universe like a wheel moving on the Earth. So every point of a celestial body moves simultaneously in a cycloid path as well as on a straight line path .Cycloid path is a part of the circular path ,so it has a cycloid centre . If the cycloid centre of a small body lies inside the big body then the cycloid centre pulls the small body towards the big body. The acceleration due to gravity is the motion of a body towards its cycloid centre. The gravity is the pulling force of the cycloid centre of the moving body. “The birds of same feathers flock together”, It is the universal law. That is why, Matters of same things come together to unite .It means a small amount of solid body goes to the big amount of solid body, that is why an apple of a small amount of the tree goes to the vast amount of the Earth . A small amount of gas goes to the big amount of gas and a small amount of liquid thing goes to the big amount of liquid thing to unite together. That is why, water of various rivers flows towards the vast amount of water of the sea to stay together although the Earth is a sphere . The acceleration due to gravity on the Earth is 11m/s^2 . The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is determined from the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth . THE ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY ON THE MOON IS EQUAL TO 2.999 m/s^2

The Significance of Stakeholders in the Management of Nigeria's Transportation System []


Abstract An efficient transportation system is crucial for fostering economic growth and development in any economy. However, poor road conditions and inadequate transportation facilities pose significant challenges that can hinder such progress, impacting the road users—who are key stakeholders—in the process. This paper, utilizing secondary data, assesses the Nigerian transportation system, the issues it faces, and explores the potential roles of stakeholders in enhancing the effectiveness of transportation across the nation. Proposed solutions include strengthening regulatory enforcement, promoting coordination and collaboration, improving infrastructure, enhancing service delivery, and developing better emergency services. Keywords: Stakeholders; Transportation; Facilities; Modes; Mobility

Direct Instruction and Discussion as Pedagogical Strategies Used by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Their Use in the Modern World []


The main aim of this research manuscript is to explore how various pedagogical strategies were applied by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and how these strategies are still in vogue in the modern world of education, as it is clear that innovation always takes place in every field of life in this world of technology. The young generation is technology-obsessed and must be engaged in teaching-learning effectively and innovatively. This generation cannot easily be engaged and satisfied unless a variety is incorporated into the teaching-learning process. All teachers in general must fulfill this demanding task and religion (Islamic studies) teachers in particular. Suppose the pedagogical strategies (particularly Direct Instruction and Discussion) applied by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and those in vogue nowadays in education are combined. In that case, it will be easy for teachers to cope with any problem in the teaching-learning process. Consequently, modern students will be engaged in an effective, interesting, and interactive way as Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) guides Muslims from all walks of life. He was the most outstanding teacher and a model of excellence for teachers.

The Role of ‘Wekeza Tanzania’ Program TBC1 in Promoting Investment Activities in Tanzania []


This study evaluates the impact of the "TBC1 Wekeza Tanzania" TV program in promoting Tanzania’s manufacturing sector. Recognizing media’s essential role in economic growth, the research examines how this television program has influenced awareness, sectoral growth, and investment in manufacturing. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines viewer surveys, interviews with industry stakeholders, and program content analysis to assess its effectiveness. Findings reveal that "TBC1 Wekeza Tanzania" significantly boosts visibility for local manufacturing by highlighting opportunities, showcasing success stories, and fostering dialogue on industrial policy. The program has contributed to elevating local manufacturers' profiles and attracting potential investors, although challenges such as limited coverage and a need for more specialized content were noted. The study concludes that targeted media initiatives like "TBC1 Wekeza Tanzania" can play a vital role in driving industrial development when aligned with industry needs. Recommendations to enhance the program's impact include expanding its reach, diversifying content, and implementing mechanisms to track investment outcomes.

The Right to Sanitation in International Law []


More than two billion of people in the world are living in without acces to sanitation services necessary for reducing an exposure sanitation-related diseases. Failure of international aid to satisfy this basic human need has led to a substantial human suffering. This piece argues that access to a basic Sanitation service is a fundamental right that is explicitly and implicitly supported by the international law, declarations and state practices. Despite the implicit and the explicit recognition of the right to Sanitation, it implementation still fall slightly out of it. All stakeholders should work towards providing all human with a basic Sanitation requirement and by guaranteeing the right to sanitation. Recognizing the right to sanitation and expressing the willingness to meet this right to those that are deprived of these facilities, will be a useful tool in addressing one of the fundamental failures of recent years.

MODELING PREVALENCE OF FATALITIES IN AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA BETWEEN 1991-2023 USING MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION []


Globally, air traffic has increased while safety has improved significantly. While air traffic in Nigeria is increasing at the same rate, safety levels do not appear to be rising concurrently. This was determined by the high number of accidents and fatalities reported in recent decades. Since Nigeria's independence in 1960, the country's aviation sector has experienced a number of air accidents. The aim of the study is to access the prevalence of fatalities in air transport systems based on identifiable factors. To achieve this, some preliminary test was conducted like the linearity test, homoscedasticity test, independence of error, normality test, multicollinearity test and test for outliers. All these tests fulfilled the assumptions of multiple linear regression which was a necessary condition for the estimation of the coefficients. In the Pearson’s correlation analysis, only survivors and fatalities were significantly correlated. Amongst the four predictors, frequency was the only predictor that significantly impact the number of fatalities in air transport accidents. Two scenarios were used to test the predictive ability of the model. However, the outcome did not represent a reliable prediction of fatalities in air accidents. The implication is that the sector's resilience to accidents remains a pipe dream. As a result, additional investment in the industry is required to establish a safer and healthier airspace. It is recommended that when modeling fatalities in air transport accidents other predictors other than frequency, pilot, weather and survivors should be considered so as to improve prediction.

Awareness and Assessment of Ergonomic Hazards among Workers of Oriental Food Industry Limited, Ibadan, Oyo State. []


Introduction: Ergonomics have gained attention in different fields of work recently. Despite an increasing recognition of the importance of workplace safety, there exists a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the ergonomic risks that employees face daily, which poses a tangible threat to the well-being of workers, potentially leading to a surge in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated health issues. This research study aims to investigate workers' knowledge and practices regarding ergonomics, and determine the severity of musculoskeletal discomfort. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan (SOAP) analysis was adopted which comprises of questionnaire and two ergonomic assessment tools: Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMDQ) to gather qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 121 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The results were analysed and presented in simple percentage, chi-square and histogram. Results: The findings showed that the workers had an average RULA score of 3.77 which indicated a medium level of risk of MSD. Also, there was a significant association between RULA scoring of respondents across departments (x²= 245.576, p= 0.000). Evaluation of ergonomic awareness among workers showed that they had a moderate ergonomics awareness level (68.6%). The CMDQ assessment showed that there were significant association between MSD in the lower back, hips/buttocks and the right knee region of the respondents across departments [(x²=113.510, p=0.008), (x²=91.430, p=0.006), (x²=105.860, p=0.028)] respectively, with lower back having the highest CMDQ score of 8.07 which indicated moderate level of discomfort. Conclusion: The workers faced significant ergonomic risks and Musculoskeletal Disorder in different body regions. There is need to address the causes of these ergonomic hazards to prevent and reduce ergonomic risks and improve the health, well-being and productivity of workers.

POOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA. []


The study investigates the impact of poor solid waste management and public health challenges in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. There were 120 responders in all, including men, women, and young people from four communities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State: Eliozu, Amadi-Ama, Ogbu-nu-abali, and Orowurukwo. This is consistent with the sample size table developed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970). The impact of poor solid waste management on public health questionnaire (IPSWMPHQ), a tool created by the researcher, was used to collect data. It was validated, and a reliability index of 0.84 was achieved. Descriptive statistics for the research questions (mean and standard deviation) were used to examine the acquired data. The findings of the study demonstrated, among other things, that inadequate solid waste management contributes to disease outbreaks. The majority of respondents (3.4 mean) agreed with this statement. The investigation came to the conclusion that in order to protect public health and safety, solid waste should be disposed of properly. The study suggested, among other things, that community leaders in each ward be urged to educate the public about the risks of improper solid waste disposal and to discourage the careless disposal of solid waste, as this could help to prevent disease outbreaks. Keywords: Assessment, impact, poor solid, waste management, public health.