Volume 12, Issue 6, June 2024 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

[1]  [2]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]

DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL THERMOMETER WITH A MICROCONTROLLER FOR TEMPERATURE DETECTION []


Measuring body temperature is a major technique used in the hospitals to get the vital signs of the patient to help detect clinical signs of systemic diseases. This study details the development of a low-cost digital thermometer to provide continuous and accurate real-time temperature of patients. The technology was developed to monitor the body temperature and to raise an alarm if the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold. The study was implemented using the Arduino nano Microcontroller (ATMega 328), DS 18B20 temperature sensor, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), rocker switch, 9V battery, resistors, capacitors, and connecting wires as hardware requirements while Tinker CAD and Multisim 14.2 were used as simulation software. C++ programming language was used for sketch development. The system was soldered in the Veroboard, and was packaged carefully. When tested on five subjects represented by male (geriatric male and female), teenage male and female and one infant), satisfactory results were obtained with the following temperature readings (34.9oc, 34.8oc, 35.7oc, 35.8oc, and 36.3oc) respectively. The device triggered an alarm once the highest temperature of the body was reached. In conclusion, a digital thermometer for temperature detection has been developed with locally available resources without compromising standards.

The impact of employee engagement on employee performance and satisfaction in Bank Muscat []


Organizations encounter numerous challenges in their operations, with employee participation standing out as a crucial pillar for planning and business expansion. This pillar holds immense significance for the future of the organization, particularly in achieving objectives and maintaining high performance and production levels. Here comes the role of human resources management in organisations in planning and working on this important aspect that is linked to human workers, which is the most important capital in the organisation as it plays a decisive role in determining the fate of organisations. This study covered a discussion of the impact of employee engagement on employee performance and satisfaction at Bank Muscat. In this study, the researcher employed an exploratory descriptive approach, reviewing and examining previous research and literature to draw conclusions about the study's subject. The study population consisted of Bank Muscat and all its branches, with a random sample of 100 employees selected from the bank's various branches across the Sultanate of Oman governorates. In order to ensure the collection of information necessary to complete the study, the researcher used primary sources, namely the questionnaire and interviews. The researcher also used secondary sources, which included a review of previous studies related to the study's subject. After collecting information from the study sample using a questionnaire, the researcher analysed the data using Excel, converting it into tables and graphs through regression analysis, correlation analysis, statistical description, and frequency distribution. This study showed several results, the most important of which is that employee participation has a very positive impact on the performance and satisfaction of employees at Bank Muscat and that there is a positive relationship between employee participation on the one hand and the performance and satisfaction of employees at Bank Muscat on the other hand, and this comes through the incentives that the bank provides to employees. Bank Muscat implements training programmes and fosters effective communication among its employees. The study's findings also demonstrated that Bank Muscat employs a variety of strategies to improve and maintain employee engagement. Given the importance that employee participation has gained, the researcher suggested that Bank Muscat work to enhance and maintain employee participation, invest in employee participation, and use modern technologies to enhance employee participation, enhance interaction and communication between the bank’s departments and branches, and honour and motivate employees.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL FINANCE ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION: STUDY FROM THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN OMAN []


The research aims to examine the impact of digital finance on the financial inclusion of the banking industry in Oman. The research highlights the importance of using digital financial services to achieve financial inclusion and analyzes the challenges faced by industry banks in Oman in implementing digital financial services. Digital finance, including online banking, mobile payments, and fintech solutions, is at the crux of expanding access to financial services for underserved populations. A review of previous studies and the opinions of researchers on the impact of digital finance on financial inclusion have been combined in this study. In addi-tion, this study will use primary sources which include questionnaires that will be distributed to the users of digital finance. This study will use secondary sources to collect data to improve understanding of digital financial services adoption and use. Using digital platforms, banks in Oman fill in the missing pieces by providing financial services and expanding and simplifying access in urban and low-income areas. The research showcases the growing trend of people using digital finance as being linked to a more inclusive financial system, implying how technology-enabled deployments are re-configuring the banking system in Oman to drive economic development and reduce inequality.

Taux de change, ouverture et croissance économique en République Démocratique du Congo []


Ce papier présente une analyse théorique et empirique de la relation taux de change, ouverture et la croissance économique combinée avec le niveau de la qualité des institutions de l’économie congolaise. Etant donné que l’économie de la RDC est fortement influencée par son taux de change, qui joue un rôle crucial dans son développement économique. Cette fluctuation des devises étrangères peut avoir un impact significatif sur la croissance et la stabilité financière du pays ; Dans ce contexte, il est essentiel d’analyser comment le taux de change influence l’ouverture de la croissance en RDC, en examinant ses implications sur les investissements étrangers, le commerce international et la compétitivité économique du pays. Elle a comme objectifs de dégager l’influence du taux de change sur l’ouverture extérieure et celle de l’ouverture sur la croissance économique en RDC durant la période de 1990 à 2020. La méthode économétrique rendue possible grâce à la technique documentaire et au modèle VAR a permis d’atteindre ces objectifs. En somme, il ressort des analyses effectuées de la politique de taux de change appliquée en RDC dans le but de vérifier en quel degré cette politique favorise-t-elle sur l’ouverture et nos résultats expliquent que cette politique n’est pas efficace et au regard des années sous études de notre milieu d’étude, la politique de l’ouverture utilisée pour augmenter la croissance économique n’est toujours pas efficace en RDC. Mots clés : Taux de change, ouverture, croissance économique, modèle VAR.

A STUDY ON THE NEXUS BETWEEN INTERNAL AUDIT CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN THE OMANI COMPANY []


This study focuses on the relationship between the characteristics of internal auditing and the quality of accounting information in the Omani company and aims to discover the role played by the characteristics of internal auditing in the accuracy and reliability of financial reports. Thus, through a comprehensive search for the characteristics of internal auditing, such as efficiency and objectivity, this study seeks to discover the impact of the characteristics of internal auditing on the quality and accuracy of accounting information in Omani companies. In addition, this study aims to discover the challenges of internal auditing and suggest some solutions that help enhance its effectiveness in companies. Also, through the conclusion of empirical evidence and the analysis of the data that was reached, this study provides recommendations that help improve the characteristics of internal auditing and the quality of accounting information in companies. Thus, by clarifying the relationship between the characteristics of internal auditing and the quality of accounting information, this study contributes to improving corporate governance and transparency in Omani companies.

Media Literacy: Comparative Analysis of Freshmen and Seniors Education English Major Students []


Media literacy has been a trend in the educational landscape in honing the media skills of the students that may be used personally and professionally. Media literacy enhances traditional skills such as reading, evaluation, analysis, and writing. It supports the analysis, evaluation, and production of the media content, improves text comprehension, enables one to see prejudices, and develops essential communication skills. This makes it easier to navigate and participate in the contemporary media environment. This study compares the media literacy among fourth-year and first-year Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) English major students at a community college in the province of Misamis Oriental. This study can be a basis for curriculum development and pedagogy in tertiary schools. Findings reveal potential disparities between freshmen and senior students. The first-year has a total mean of 2.188, which sometimes integrates media literacy in their lesson, while a total mean of 3.158, which is most of the time integrated into their lesson. These results guide teachers to tailor curriculum development to ensure that all students, regardless of their year, receive appropriate media literacy education. This suggests that higher education should redesign the curriculum by integrating media literacy in the early years of the students to foster mastery of skills. However, this prepares future educators to work in today’s media world and effectively educate students with thinking and media analysis skills. This study recommends curriculum makers integrate media literacy into the lesson and use these media literacy skills in pedagogical development.

THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION ON EMERGING MARKETS, TAKE ZIMBABWE AS EXAMPLE. []


Globalization is having a major impact on emerging markets, including Zimbabwe. This overview covers the Zimbabwean economy. The purpose of this course is to study the impact of globalization on society and culture. Discuss the positive and negative impacts of globalization and highlight new challenges and opportunities. Like other emerging markets, Zimbabwe has experienced significant changes due to globalization. Economically, globalization has opened new trade and investment avenues for Zimbabwe to access international markets and attract foreign direct investment. economic growth; fostering job creation and technological progress; In addition, globalization facilitates the exchange of knowledge and experience, allowing domestic companies to compete globally. However, globalization is challenging Zimbabwe's economy. Increasing competition from global companies is putting pressure on domestic industries, especially those that are developing or technologically advanced. This increases unemployment and income inequality. Furthermore, Zimbabwe's dependence on global export markets makes it susceptible to external influences such as changes in commodity prices and international trade policies. Globalization has brought about social changes in Zimbabwe, both positive and negative. On the one hand, globalization brings new ideas and enables new technologies and cultural exchanges. This will increase awareness and acceptance of diversity and acceptance of global trends and practices. On the other hand, globalization erodes traditional values and traditions and homogenizes cultures. This raises concerns about the loss of cultural identity and alienation of local communities. tradition. From a governance perspective, globalization is impacting Zimbabwe's political landscape. Increasing interdependence and interdependence among states has led to the emergence of global governance institutions and the strengthening of international standards and norms. This is how Zimbabwe is governed. Zimbabwe will be under pressure to comply with global standards on human rights and environmental sustainability. However, just as globalization poses challenges to sovereignty and national decision-making, global institutions often influence domestic politics. Globalization is having a major impact on emerging markets such as Zimbabwe. It was economic growth, that led to job creation and technological advances, but it also increased competition. It also created vulnerability to unemployment and external shocks. Socially. In addition, globalization has influenced Zimbabwe's political landscape by promoting global governance systems and norms, but also posing challenges to national sovereignty. For Zimbabwe and other emerging markets, understanding and managing the impacts of globalization is critical to responding to its opportunities and challenges.

Investigation of Methods to Increase the Efficiency of Solar Panels as an Independent Energy Source and in Water Purification Systems []


Lack of energy and clean water are two key problems of global sustainable development. Almost half of the total water intake in the world is consumed by power plants, while desalination consumes a lot of electricity. Obtaining energy without more CO2 emissions and harm to the environment has become possible by solar energy, which has demonstrated enormous potential to meet future global energy needs, given its abundance and availability. Solar photovoltaic installations are widely used in the field of renewable energy production at industrial and commercial facilities. Hypothesis: Placing on the water and using the Peltier element can increase the efficiency of solar panels. The use of a multi-stage membrane distillation structure in solar panels will allow to simultaneously receive electricity and produce clean water. In this work, the following goal is set: To investigate the effectiveness of placing solar panels on water, the use of a Peltier element, multi-stage membrane distillation for water purification in solar panels. In this work, tests were carried out on the efficiency of the distillation design, the calculation of the volume of pure water output, the percentage of minerals in "purified" water, the energy efficiency of solar panels, the efficiency of the Peltier element and the design of "Floating" solar panels. Novelty of the work: We have considered methods of reducing the temperature of solar panels and developed a design capable of purifying water under the influence of residual heat from the operation of solar panels, which can be a solution to the problems of shortage of fresh water from arid zones without consuming more electricity. Results of exploration: We recommend using the results of the work when installing solar panels to generate electricity in areas with a large amount of solar radiation and a shortage of fresh, purified water.

EXPLOITATION DES DOCUMENTS PHYSIQUES DANS LES RECHERCHES SCIENTIFIQUES A L’UNIVERSITE DE KISANGANI A L’ERE DE LA NUMERISATION DE LA DOCUMENTATION []


Abstract Our article aims to situate the place occupied by physical documents or physical archives in the carrying out of scientific research at the University of Kisangani in relation to digital or digitized documents. To do this, our analysis is structured in three points, apart from the introduction and the conclusion. The first addresses the methodological framework, the second focuses on the conceptual and theoretical frameworks and, finally, the third and last point concerns the analysis of the data and discussion of the results. In the first point, we presented the methodological approach followed to achieve our objective. Concerning the second point, we first gave some details on the concepts physical document and digital or digitized document. Secondly, we talked about the advantages and disadvantages of physical and digital documents in libraries, public or private administration or companies and in the field of scientific research. The third and final point allowed us to analyze 3542 bibliographical references taken from 141 end-of-year graduate and license works carried out in 2019 by CIS students at the University of Kisangani. At the end of our analyses, we noted the strong presence (use) of physical documents (82.19 %), and the low presence of digital documents (17.81 %), in the bibliographic references of scientific research carried out by CIS students during the academic year 2018-2019. Keywords: Physical document or archive, Digital or digitized document or archive, Exlpoitation of physical document or archives, exploitation of digital documents or archives.

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TOWARD EMPLOYEE RETENTION OF YAHSHUA OUTSOURCING WORLDWIDE INCORPORATED []


This research study investigated the correlation between organizational culture and employee retention at YAHSHUA Outsourcing Worldwide Incorporated. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire administered to 34 employees. The analysis involved frequency count, percentage distribution, weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (R). The findings revealed highly effective associations between organizational culture and employee retention across various dimensions. Leadership styles significantly impact organizational culture, particularly in facilitating job development. The alignment of organizational culture with values and beliefs underscored the importance of fostering innovation. The work environment played a crucial role, emphasizing the need for professional development opportunities. Additionally, empathy within the organizational culture promoted understanding and open communication. Employee retention within YAHSHUA Outsourcing thrived across compensation and benefits, work-life balance, job satisfaction, and motivation metrics. Fair compensation practices and non-monetary benefits were valued, while work-life balance support was commendable. Job satisfaction and motivation levels were notably high, though maintaining consistent motivation was identified as an area for improvement. The study established a significant positive correlation between organizational culture and employee retention, as evidenced by Pearson's correlation coefficient (R). This highlighted the importance of fostering a positive culture aligned with retention goals. Recommendations included regular reviews of compensation packages, individualized development plans, and additional initiatives to promote work-life balance and employee well-being. In conclusion, YAHSHUA Outsourcing demonstrated a commitment to employee retention through comprehensive strategies, emphasizing the importance of continued investment in employee satisfaction and organizational success.

To Assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Tolerance/ Resistance of Tuberculosis (Tb) In Health Care Professionals (HCPS) In Public and Private Hospital of Lahore: A Systematic Review []


ABSTRACT: Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing global problem, with most cases of patient non-compliance during treatment of susceptible TB. The extent of MDR-TB varies significantly from country to country. Early diagnosis is important. The conventional regimen takes up to 24 months but recently shorter regimen of up to 12-18 months was introduced in a specific subset of MDR-TB patients. Knowledge about tuberculosis and correct infection control measures are therefore highly relevant in healthcare settings. Methodology: A KAP-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 31st April 2022 and 18th May 2022 for eighteen days. A total of 185 responses were received. An online survey and questionnaire-based study were conducted on both males (N=101) and females (N=84) belonging to healthcare professionals with ages above 20. Results: All respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects of MDR-TB were assessed. For each purpose, a varied amount of statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 20. Conclusion: Overall knowledge and practices of HCPs on TB MDR-TB control were satisfactory. Effective infection control measures including regular skill-based training and orientation for all categories of HCWs can improve infection control practices in health facilities Effective educational programs should be implemented to overcome the problem.

Perceptions on the usability and applications of Rain Water Harvesting a Comprehensive Literature Review []


The global challenge of clean water scarcity is escalating due to rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and climate change. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) offers a viable solution, particularly in regions where access to safe drinking water is limited. This comprehensive literature review explores the usability and applications of RWH, emphasizing its cost-effectiveness and adaptability in diverse geographical and socio-economic contexts. The review covers various RWH systems, their implementation across urban and rural settings, and the socio-economic factors influencing adoption. It also addresses the safety concerns associated with harvested rainwater, highlighting the importance of proper maintenance and public awareness to ensure water quality. The findings underscore the potential of RWH to alleviate water scarcity, promote sustainability, and improve public health, advocating for increased adoption through policy support and community engagement.

THE BUDGETING AND FORECASTING ANALYSIS AND THE IMPACT ON COMPANY FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING: A CASE OF NATIONAL FINANCE, OMAN []


This study examines how budgeting and forecasting impact the strategic decisions and financial health of National Finance Oman. Using a detailed case study approach, the study explores how advanced budgeting and forecasting can enhance organizational performance and support informed decision-making. The research reveals that financial management plans and precise forecasting help manage economic fluctuations, allocate resources more effectively, and achieve sustainable financial outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of risk management, income diversification, cost control and capital expenditures. The study employed both quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews to gain a comprehensive view of the budgeting and forecasting practices at National Finance Oman. Despite having strong budgetary structures, there are areas where forecasting models could be improved particularly in addressing market instability and unexpected crises. The study suggests leveraging advanced technologies such as AI-driven forecasting and cloud based financial management systems to enhance accuracy and efficiency. These tools can facilitate better resource allocation, cost management, and strategic decision-making, leading to a more balanced and sustainable financial performance. Forecasting and financial management are highlighted as key factors in handling economic changes and optimizing resources. The research found that National Finance Oman’s current models need to better adapt to market changes and unforeseen events. To overcome these challenges, the study recommends employing advanced analytics and technologies. AI-driven forecasting and cloud-based systems that can improve data accuracy and streamline budgeting processes, thereby supporting more precise and reliable financial forecasts. Keywords: budgeting and forecasting analysis, financial health, financial management plan, financial performance, forecasting and financial management, strategic decision-making

EFFECT OF CASHFLOW REPORTING ON INVESTMENT DECISION OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA []


This study investigated the effect of cashflow reporting on investment decisions of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from the annual reports of firms spanning the period from 2017 to 2023 through content analysis. The variables were analysed using the Panel Error Correction-Generated Least Squares (EGLS) method, with E-views version 10 employed for data analysis. The findings revealed significant effects of Operating Activities and Investing Activities on investment decisions, while Financing Activities did not exhibit a significant influence. These findings emphasised the importance of robust cashflow reporting practices and strategic investment planning for manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Therefore, manufacturing companies are advised to prioritize enhancing the accuracy and transparency of their cashflow reporting related to operational activities to facilitate well-informed investment decisions and sustainable growth.

Saint Augustin : le biais philosophique d’une conversion des ténèbres de la condition humaine à la lumière de l’évangile []


La conversion spirituelle de Saint Augustin est au centre de la dialectique de la raison et de la foi. Ce qui fait des Confessions un classique de la pensée médiévale d’Occident. Il s’agit ici d’étudier les étapes de cette conversion, qui part de la découverte de l’interprétation de Cicéron de la philosophie à la rencontre avec les profondeurs mystiques du néoplatonisme de Plotin. Tout cela devrait permettre de mesurer l’originalité de cette conversion en rupture avec le néoplatonisme qui trouve son point de chute dans le choc des Évangiles sous un nouveau prisme mystico-philosophique, qui seul peut satisfaire la soif spirituelle du fou de Dieu qu’était Saint Augustin. Mots-clés : Confessions, conversion, philosophie, néoplatonisme, Dieu, foi, raison, spiritualité

Extent of Hygienic Practices in the Prevention of Helminthiasis among Primary Pupils []


An intestinal worm infection of the small and large intestine is known as helminthiasis. Worm eggs can be found in soil contaminated by human waste or raw food that has come into contact with contaminated soil. The ramifications of soil-transmitted helminthiasis are particularly severe for children, who are the most susceptible to it due to their developing immune systems and behaviors that increase their contact with contaminated environments. This study aimed to determine the extent of hygienic practices among primary. A descriptive correlational research design was utilized in this study. A questionnaire checklist formulated by the researcher, consisting of questions using a Likert Scale that measured the hygienic practices of the pupils, was used in the study. The researcher attended to various responsibilities and ensured the research was carried out honestly, objectively, and honestly. The data was treated with frequency and percentages to describe the Socio-demographic profile of the respondents, mean to convey the extent of hygienic practices, and Bi-variate correlational analysis was used to determine the relationship between the incidence of helminthiasis and the profile of the respondents and factors. The extent of hygienic practices of the primary pupils along personal hygiene is “Highly Practiced”, while moderately practiced along environmental practices and conclusively the overall extent of hygienic practices is on the “Practiced level”. Only the highest educational attainment of the Socio-demographic profile of the respondents bears a significant relationship with the overall hygienic practices. When taken singly, ordinal position and age yielded a significant relationship between the extent of hygienic practices and personal hygiene and family monthly income, which is significantly correlated to the extent of hygienic practices and environmental practices.

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TRANSPLANTING DATES ON BASMATI VARIETIES OF RICE IN AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF GUJRANWALA []


Keeping in view the current scenario of climate change, optimum transplanting time and high yielding rice cultivar are pre-requisite to a successful rice crop production in a rice based cropping system. This study was conducted at Adaptive Research Farm Gujranwala to explore the impact of different transplanting dates (1st July, 10th July, 20th July and 30th July) on the agronomic traits and grain yield of different basmati rice cultivars (Super Basmati, Super Basmati-2019, Super Gold and Kissan Basmati) during summer seasons of three years from 2020 to 2022. Results indicated that the effect of Basmati cultivars was significantly different for all parameters studied. Basmati cultivars when averaged against different transplanting dates, the maximum (346) number of productive tillers m-2 was recorded in Super Basmati. However, during the year 2022 same number of productive tillers was produced by Super Basmati and Kissan basmati. The Maximum filled number of grains per panicle (147, 148 and 129), 1000-grains weight (25g, 24g and 24g), total dry biomass (20.37 tha-1, 20.75 tha-1 and 20.83 tha-1) and grain yield (5602 kgha-1, 5158 kgha-1 and 5639 kgha-1) was recorded in Kissan Basmati during the years 2020-2022 respectively. The crop transplanted on 10th and 20th July exhibited 3-9% more productive tillers than 1st and 30th July transplanting dates during three successive years. Similarly more grain yield and total dry biomass were recorded in 10th and 20th July transplanting dates when averaged against different basmati cultivars. Varieties × transplanting dates interaction remained significantly different for grain yield, total dry biomass and panicle sterility (%). Kissan basmati transplanted on 10th July produced more grain yield (6247 kgha-1) with less spikelet sterility % than other basmati cultivars and transplanting dates. Spikelet sterility was higher in 1st and 30th July transplanting dates during the years 2020-2022. In crux, it is recommended that kissan basmati transplanted on 10th July is a best option for the farmers of agro ecological zone of Gujranwala.

Numerical Scheme for the Solution of Fuzzy type Initial Value Problems by using of Fuzzy Laplace Transform []


In this artical a nummerical scheme developed for approximate solution of the Fuzzy initial value problems (FIVPs) . The present numerical approximation scheme based on Fuzzy Laplace transform (FLT) and Trapezoidal rule (quadrature rule). In the construction of scheme we used hyperbolic contour to approximate Fuzzy inverse Laplace transform (FILT). Performance of the numerical scheme we developed checked by applying the scheme to Fuzzy IVPs. Results of our present scheme are compared with the results produced by different numerical method previously used by different researcher for solution of Fuzzy IVPs. The numerical experiments produce good results, which show supremacy of the present numerical scheme over other numerical methods.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Aquifer Vulnerability in Jimeta Metropolis, Adamawa State North-Eastern Nigeria []


The study assesses borehole water quality from the 20 wards of Jimeta Metropolis. This was aimed at evaluating the groundwater quality in the designated area and determine the aquifer's susceptibility to contamination. A total of 40 water samples were taken from boreholes in the 20 wards of Jimeta metropolis, both during the dry and rainy seasons. The obtained levels of the parameters were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) (World Health Organization, 2011) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) (2017) guideline values to establish their conformity with the specified recommended limits. The concentration of each parameter was compared to the permissible norms to determine and compare the acceptability and effect of continued use of such water. The results showed that the mean concentration of contamination for all physiochemical parameters is within the authorized range, with the exception of the bacterial concentration, which exceeds the limit. The sensitivity of groundwater to contamination in the studied area was carried out using the GOD index, and the result shows that the study area has low vulnerability index except for Jambutu, which is moderate.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF A SECTION OF JANRUWA KAMANZO KADUNA STATE []


Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method of Electrical Resistivity was carried out at a section of Janruwa-Kamanzo, Kaduna metropolis, using the Schlumberger array, with maximum electrode separation, AB/2 of 100m on 20 VES stations, having 20m offsets to each other. The survey was carried out to obtain information on the subsurface condition, which can be of great assistance in underground water exploitation. From the interpreted data, geoelectric and geologic sections and indeed some specialized maps were produced. It is suggestive that the area is underlain by three to five layers. The first layer also known as topsoil varies from 0.3 m – 4.7 m in thickness and 63 Ωm – 1601 Ωm in resistivity. This geoelectric derivation suggests that the topsoil is highly lateritic in nature. The weathered/fractured basement varies from 73 Ωm – 639 Ωm and 3.9 m – 58 m respectively. The derived geologic suggests that the weathered layer varies in composition (silty/sandy clay, clay and sand) with an average resistivity and thickness values of 305 Ωm and 17 m respectively. The regions of low subsurface apparent electrical resistivity with deep aquifer are suggested for borehole installation for groundwater development. The last layer, which is at infinite thickness, is found to have high resistivity values ranging from 555 Ωm to 3333 Ωm. The observed regions of low resistivity in this layer suggest that the basement rocks may have under fracture and are slightly weathered. The observed relatively high resistivity zones range from 73 Ωm – 639 Ωm with an average aquifer thickness of 32m suggesting high aquifer potential zone targets for siting boreholes.

FROM LAPAROSCOPY TO LAPAROTOMY: ANALYSING CONVERSION RISKS IN CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN RURAL SETTINGS NORTH-EASTERN KENYA []


Cholelithiasis is a major medical concern nowadays. Gallbladder operations dominate general surgery. These techniques cure cholelithiasis. Most cholecystectomies are performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a common gallstone treatment. Compared to open cholecystectomy (OC), laparoscopic LC has fewer complications and a shorter hospital stay. Open cholecystectomy is still common in rural hospitals in developing nations like Kenya due to the high cost of laparoscopic surgery, technical limitations, and a lack of qualified surgeons. The combination of these elements causes this. Standard open surgery, which entails an 8–10-centimeter incision to access the gallbladder, is risky, painful, and requires a hospital stay. A little laparotomy for cholecystectomy is seen as less intrusive. Many rural hospitals with little resources conduct it. This research evaluated variables influencing laparoscopic-to-open cholecystectomy conversion in rural north-eastern Kenya. All patients between 8 and 80 years with symptomatic cholelithiasis who choose laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in a descriptive research. The research collected data using a systematic, planned questionnaire for uniformity and completeness. This research has identified many patient-related characteristics that significantly increase the probability of converting laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. These factors include gender, type of surgery, ASA levels, abdominal findings, and gallbladder wall thickness more than 2.1mm. The study recommends that future research should prioritize the development of prediction models to assess the risk of conversion in minimally invasive surgery