Volume 10, Issue 8, August 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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FACE RECOGNITION DOOR LOCK SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI []


With the world moving towards advanced technologies, security forms a crucial part in daily life. Among the many techniques used for this purpose, Face Recognition stands as effective means of authentication and security. This research paper deals with the user of principal component and security. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical approach was used to simplify a data set. The minimum Euclidean distance found from the PCA technique is used to recognize the face. While a low cost Raspberry Pi ARM based computer on a small circuit board, controls the servo motor and other sensors. The servo-motor is in turn attached to the doors of home and opens up when the face is recognized.

Critical factors responsible for project performance in modern agriculture in Rwanda. The Case of Potato Project in Bramin Ltd. []


The findings on the third objective showed that stakeholders’ involvement influences project performance, it was also shown that there is substantial high degree of positive correlation of 0.772 between stakeholders’ involvement and project performance in modern agriculture it was concluded that effective management of critical factors leads to positive performance in modern agriculture. The specific objectives of this study were: To assess the influence of management skills on project performance in modern agriculture in Bramin Ltd; to evaluate the influence of monitoring and evaluation on project performance in modern in Bramin Ltd and to find the influence of stakeholders' involvement on project performance in modern agriculture in Bramin Ltd. This study used correlation research design in order evaluate the influence of critical factors on project performance in modern agriculture in Bramin Ltd. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic method, Karl Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationship between variables while regression analysis was used to check the influence of critical factors to project performance. The findings on the second objective showed that 63.7 percent of contract workers agreed that Feedback session is fruitful to this project at 2.34 of mean; 55.8 percent of contract workers agreed that Frequency of field days improves the performance of agricultural projects. The findings on the first objective showed that resource management skills, communication and motivation, organization and delegation forward planning and strategic thinking as well as problem solving and decision making are considered as management skills as it was confirmed by 82.8 percent of contract workers agreed that greenhouse method is applied in this. The study recommends that national budget planners and intervening people should provide financial facilities and make effective set up that should enhance performance of modern agriculture.

UNDERSTANDING GENDER AS BEING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JUDITH BUTLER’S CONCEPT OF PERFORMATIVITY AND MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF DASEIN []


Abstract Judith Butler’s concept of performativity asserted that the individual sense of self is not made by someone else but is originally constituted by the individual human being. However, some scholars such as Jay Prosser and Lise Nelson consider such notion as problematic, arguing that it is impossible to be in oneself without recognizing other constituted realities. To overcome the problems confronting Butler’s concept of performativity, the researcher proposed that it must be integrated with Martin Heidegger’s phenomenology of dasein in terms of: (a) subjectivity, (b) stable/constituted identity, and (c) authenticity. Heidegger’s phenomenology of dasein argues that man has the capacity to understand his own sense of self in his different existential encounter of the world, towards other beings and also by surpassing his own facticity or limitation. The integration of the concepts of Butler and Heidegger leads also to a conceptual shift of understanding gender from performativity towards gender as Being containing the following elements: (a) Gender as Being is constituted by subjectivity and objectivity, (b) Gender as Being means that one has the capacity to live as best as what he likes to become in the midst of the stabilized/constituted identity, and (c) Gender as Being means that one has limitations and its limits is the key to possibilities. Improving on Butler’s concept of performativity, this research concludes that gender identity is constituted not only based on one's subjective desire but on other aspects as well, such as lived experienced with other beings and one’s being situated in the world. Keywords: Gender as Being, Performativity, Phenomenology, Dasein

USABILITY OF PARENTAL CONTROL MOBILE APPLICATION TO SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEB BROWSING SAFETY FOR CHILDREN AGES 8-12 []


Technology today has become the lifestyle. The Internet is already gripped easily because of the fastest connection speed. It also affects the lives of children. However, content on the internet can cause a more prominent impact especially the adverse effects which influence the children. Therefore parents should choose a mobile control Application for their children. One solution that parents can protect their children by using the Parental Control Application by filtering, blocking and monitoring. Studies conducted to view the usability of Parental Controls is useful or not for parents, especially in La Consolacion College Bacolod. Measurements were made using the The Fun Toolkit inspired the game board: a table with eight questions and a 5-point Likert-type scale using smileys from a sad face to a laughing face. This study emphasizes that the success of Parental Control Application need to be supported by changing parents' mindset thus parents can consider, choose, and take decisions in viewing the positive and negative effect of using the Internet. Keywords: internet, parental control, the fun toolkit.

The Challenges and Opportunities in the Optimization of Supply Chain and Logistics Activities of SME Cargo Companies in Muscat, Oman Using Porter’s Value Chain []


Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are an integral part of economic development around the world. It generates value, contributes to country’s GDP, creates employment, and brings new innovations. In Oman, the logistics and supply chain sector had great attention from the government and is considered an essential field for the development plans to boost the national economy. Last few years, it has become necessary to move to other sources that enhance economic diversification instead of the primary oil dependence. Although there have been several attempts to address the challenges and opportunities of SMEs and Logistics sector in Oman, most of these are too old or aren’t studies that have established the opportunities and challenges faced by SME cargo and logistics companies. Using Porter's value chain analysis theory, this research intends to identify and analyze supply chain and logistics optimization across SME cargo companies in Muscat, to examine the challenges and opportunities that SME cargo companies faced in their supply chain and logistics activities optimization, and finally to formulate recommendations to enhance optimization of Supply Chain and Logistics. Due to limited prior studies and lack of data, this descriptive, exploratory research used a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. This involved an in-depth review of relevant literature, interview with five executive/managerial professionals of SME cargo and logistics companies and a circulation of survey questionnaires. The findings from this study have provided an academic contribution, an empirical contribution for SME community and cargo and logistics companies, and contextual and managerial contributions to the literature in optimization of supply chain logistics in SMEs. Keywords: SMEs Oman, SMEs, Supply Chain and Logistics, SME Cargo Companies, Porter’s Value, Chain, SME’s Challenges, SME’s Opportunities

Checklist on views and experience of speech therapist working with Monolingual and Bilingual client []


Speech language therapy for bilingual individuals has become an important issue and concern for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and researchers in the field of communication sciences and disorders in recent years, as well as for the general public, bilingual individuals seeking services as the population of the India is growing in bilingualism. As the demand for SLPs and other bilingual service providers has increased, it has become clear that the demand should be appropriately meet the changing needs of the nation demographics. While some of the difficulties in providing and obtaining bilingual services. In the literature review speech language therapy services have been identified and noted. Not all are known or comprehended. The current study's goal is to investigate bilingual SLPs views and experience with mono

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SARIMA AND SARFIMA MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO SOLAR RADIATION DATA []


The applications of dynamic models AR, MA or ARMA to time series data are very common in time series analysis. In applying these models the stationarity condition of the dataset need to be considered, if the series is non-stationary then ARIMA model is applied for such series. This work therefore focuses on comparing the fitness and predictive ability of SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 and SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 models to investigate the stationarity, estimate the parameters, select the appropriate model of solar radiation and make forecasts for the two models using monthly solar radiation data. The data is well knows as an environmental data that are usually seasonal and sometime decays slowly to zero on the time plot. Hence, the need to consider SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 and SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 models. From the literature SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 and SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 models are not been used to model solar radiation data. The data used in this study are monthly solar radiation data in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria for 32years (1989-2020), Port Harcourt, Ibadan and Sokoto for 5years (2011-2015), respectively. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) is used to examining the goodness of fit between the two models and root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are used to measure forecasts performance. Results showed that SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model has a better goodness of fit than SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model in all the cities considered. The forecasts performance measures prove that SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model has better predictive ability in Uyo, Port Harcourt and Sokoto than SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model with exception in Ibadan that SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model outperformed SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model. The forecasts performance of monthly solar radiation were obtained in Uyo, Port Harcourt and Sokoto using the performance toolswere made using SARIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 model while SARFIMA(p,d,q) (P,D,Q)_12 models was better in Ibadan being a dataset that exhibit long memory.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT APPROACHES EMPLOYED BY THE MAYOR’S COUNCIL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF UPI, MAGUINDANAO []


Abstract The study was conducted to determine the conflict management approaches employed by the mayor’s council in the Municipality of Upi, Maguindanao. The researcher utilized the descriptive evaluative design of qualitative research. To analyzed the data using the in depth interviews using Interview Guide Schedule (IGS) and conduct survey to the respondents using Survey Questionnaire. This result reveals that a total of the thirty (30) respondents and they were most female individuals and in terms of civil status, they were married individuals. Largest number of the respondent belongs to the age bracket of 51-60 years old. It was also found out that majority of the respondents came from Settlers specifically as Hiligaynon. In terms of the religion of the respondents, it was found out that majority were Christians and many of the respondents have finished their collegiate degrees. The findings revealed that the various types of cases and mediation approaches were identified through utilizing the recorded data and information filed at the Mayor’s council office from the year 2013 until 2018. The cases filed were categorized as settled, unsettled and withdrawn grounded from the cases complained by the Tri-People of Upi (Tedurays, Settlers and Bangsamoro). It shows that the support provided by the council were effective and very effective on the way of valuing diversity, communication, skills and effectiveness of the council. This study also found out that the common challenges encountered by the council in conflict mediation were the attendance or the presence of the opposing parties upon the set schedule of the council, the different side attitude of the opposing parties during the procedures, the additional cases of breach of contract due to failures in accomplishing the arrangement of penalty, and the cases of land conflict/land dispute that commonly resulted to unsettlement due to the fact that the opposing parties did not take the advices and suggestions of the council. The introduction of the customary laws in the applicability to the solution of the cases on the conflict resolution management to the problems among the clientele of the council. Compromising, collaborating and avoiding best practices among the mediation approaches employed by the council were anchored and assimilated in the cultural aspects of the Tri-People of Upi to achieve peaceful community. Keywords: Conflict Management, Conflict Approaches, Conflict Resolution, Tri-people, Upi Maguindanao

Relationship between People's Anxiety Level and Their Adherence to Preventive Measures from Corona Virus infection []


Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID19) was announced a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The main concernment is that the causative virus, SARSCoV2, can lead to fatal harm to the respiratory system, but scientists say the psychological effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on people in the impacted areas. Methods: A descriptive – analytic study was carried out in order to achieve the stated objectives. The study has begun from January 15th 2021 through July 1st 2021. Participants were invited to complete the during the quarantine period. Results: A total of n = 199 surveys completed by random selected sample from peoples . (51.5 %) of them have low levels according to the total score of Zung self-rating anxiety scale. And (56%) of sample Washing hands with soap and water for 20 seconds. There is a significant relationship between anxiety and wearing mask and a highly significant relationship between anxiety and washing hand. Conclusions: The study conclude that the majority of study sample are male aged between (14-26) and don't work and they have a low level of anxiety. The study despite that persons who oblige a higher level of prevention measures usually have the higher level of anxiety. Key words: relationship , anxiety Level , adherence , preventive measures corona virus ,infection

AN OPINION SURVEY AMONG ULAMA WORKING IN THE GOVERNMENT REGARDING LOAN []


Abstract The study is concerned with the opinions of the respondents on the loans granted by GSIS and PAG-IBIG, It cannot be denied that interests are part of subscribing loan agencies that will give loan without an interest because the interest is basic part of the scheme of loan. But problem arise if you are a true believer of the faith of Islam. Being a Muslim one should be conscious on Islamic teaching that advance that all forms of interests are considered as Riba(Interest), therefore considered as sin which has a big impact on different aspectsof life especially in spiritual like Aqueeda( one’s belief). Descriptive quantitative and qualitative method of research is also a fact-finding study with adequate and interpretation and accurate interpretation of findings. This research design was necessary to evaluate the opinions of the respondents, the motivations for availing loans and its impact. The design can also describe and emphasize on what actually exist such as current conditions, practices, situations or any problems. Most of the respondents who avail loan are based on their necessities. Riba could create lazy capital owner because they gain profit without any effort. Most of the respondents were aware that availing loan is committing riba. However, they still commit because of needs. Riba could also create other bad attitude like materialism, selfishness, arrogance and inhumane. Keywords: Ulama, Loan, Riba, Haram, Halal, Sunnah, Cotabato City

VALUES TRANSFORMATION TRAINING PROGRAM OF THE BANGSAMORO DEVELOPMENT AGENCY: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT []


Abstract This research investigated and critically assessed the legality, components, effectiveness, outcome and the challenges of the Values Transformation Training Program of the Bangsamoro Development Agency. Specifically, it answered the following questions: What is the demographic and socio-economic profile of the respondents? What are the legal bases of the values transformation training program? What are the components and objectives of the values transformation training program? What are the processes involved in the program in clarifying one’s personal values in terms of: Evaluation Scheme related to pre-training , during training post-training and Follow-Trough Scheme related to sharing of Knowledge, implementation of Values? What are the outcomes of the training program to the participants? How effective is the value transformation training program as a medium of reformation of the staff and volunteers? What are the challenges encountered by the implementers of the program? The Values Transformation Training which believed to be successful program in transforming the values of individual was based primarily on the Islamic principle and teachings and a factor that Bangsamoro Development Agency was awarded by the World Bank on “Zero Corruption” in 2007. This training is applicable especially to all employees from the Government and non-government organizations as well as to the students. It also provides peace-building mechanism in the community. The study adopted qualitative descriptive design for a comprehensive encapsulation of the performance of participants after attending VTT and evaluate the perceptions on the training. The respondents were randomly selected: of the 100 sample, 21 belonged to the Central Management Office (CMO), 31 from Central Mindanao Regional Management Office, 13 Provincial Development Catalysts, 35 were volunteers who were from Cotabato City particularly in Bangsamoro Development Agency and data were gathered through a Researcher-made Survey Questionnaire. Accordingly, the critical assessment showed that there were significant degree of effectiveness and outcome based on the findings and analyses of the data gathered. Most of the respondents were Maguindanaon which typically situated in the setting of the study and they were at the age of young-adult stage and the labor force is given primarily to the male specially on community-based assignments. The conduct of training did not focus only to the employed staff of the BDA but also to its constituents in the Bangsamoro community. The legality to administer and conduct the Values Transformation Training is based on the GRP-MILF Tripoli Agreement on Peace of June 22, 2001, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Philippine Bill of Rights, and the Philippine Human Rights Protection and Promotions of Sectoral Rights, Muslim sectors. Hence, the components of the program contain eight (8) modules on Islamic Values and Development, Role of Imaan, and Ibaadat (Islamic Worship) that promote and sustain development in express commitment to practice Islamic values in dealing with all the aspect of life. Based on the findings of the study, the Values Transformation Training had satisfied its participants that provided sufficient training on values for the Bangsamoro with high learning performance. In fact, majority of the respondents had strongly agreed that VTT combined spiritual, moral, and practical lessons on values. The individual performance and organizational performance is Strongly Agree based on the observance of transparency, honesty, sincerity, patience, and justice. The outcomes influence its participants through enlightenments particularly on morals, beliefs, and clarifying personal values. It can be concluded that individuals and organization had benefited from the Values Transformation Training on the bases of the findings that the training was successful and effective. On the other hand, 95% of the respondents affirmed that VTT is an effective tool for reformation which enlightens its participants into Islamic teachings socially and spiritually. Finally, the researcher recommends that BDA should evaluate the program more comprehensively and further study should investigate the effectiveness of the program from the different perspective as well as implement the follow-through activity to the participants. Keywords: Values Formation, Training Program, Bangsamoro Development Agency, Critical Assessment

ASSESSMENT of HEALTH STAFF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION COMPLICATIONS at INTENSIVE CARE UNIT in AL-AMARAH HOSPITALS []


Background and objectives: Intubation is the process of inserting a tube, called an endotracheal tube, through the mouth and then into the airway. This is done so that a patient can be placed on a ventilator to assist with breathing during anesthesia, sedation, or severe illness. Objective To assess health Staff Knowledge about Endotracheal Intubation Complications in the Intensive Care Unit. To determine the relationship between health Staff Knowledge and their socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education level, experience….). Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to (assess the knowledge of health staff about the complications of endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit in Amarah Hospitals), where 30 participants were included in this study. The study was conducted from January 19th, 2021 to June 26th, 2021. Results: The age group most present in the research sample whose ages ranged between (26-30) as well as those whose ages ranged between (31-35) and by percentage (33.3%) for each one of them. As for the number of males in the sample compared to the number of females, it was males as a percentage (63.3%). The educational level of the sample in question showed that most of the ICU staff are holders of a diploma, with a percentage of (73.3%(. As for the years of experience in the field of intensive care, the sample showed that participants who have experience from three to four years are the most members of the sample surveyed with a percentage (46.7%). The surveyed sample showed through the questionnaire that the intensive care unit staff in Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital are more than the staff in the intensive care units in Al-Zahrawi Surgical Hospital, and by a percentage (73.3%). Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between the study variables (educational level) and knowledge questions about the complications of endotracheal intubation and the Dimension of difficulties while the During remaining intubation only. Keywords: knowledge, endotracheal tube, complication, ICU staff.

Barriers and Enablers of Implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care in Newborn Unit in Kiambu Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya []


Background of the Study: Kangaroo Mother Care has been recognized to improve neonatal outcomes by maintaining the infant’s temperature and other vital sign parameters through Skin to Skin Contact and by providing the benefits of breastfeeding. Objectives: This study intended to assess the enablers and barriers to the implementation of Kangaroo mother care among mothers with preterm and low birth weight babies in Kiambu Level 5 hospital, Kiambu County in Kenya. Study Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design.Random sampling method was used to select 106 mothers with low-birth-weight and premature babies whose babies have been admitted in the newborn unit in Kiambu level 5 Hospital. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Pretesting of the study tool was done at Thika level 5 Hospital and where necessary the changes were effected on the study tools. Data collected was cleaned, coded and entered into the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) Version 23.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was done through frequencies, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics was done through multi-linear regression. Results were presented using, frequency tables, pie charts and bar graphs. Results: The findings indicated a significant association between enablers of KMC (P< 0.036), there was no significant association between enablers barriers of KMC (P>.191) and the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) practices among mothers giving birth at Kiambu level five Hospital. Recommendations: There is need to ensure that only persons who are not the baby’s parents are restricted to KMC rooms and that mothers should be encouraged to increase the time that the mothers allocate to KMC rather than feeling that the practice is time-consuming. Health facilities should also address the lack of Kangaroo mother care rooms which has been highlighted as a hindrance to kangaroo mother care among other concerns.

THE APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A MEANS OF MITIGATING CORRUPTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR []


The main purpose of this research work is on how forensic accounting practice could mitigate public sector corruption perspective of The Gambia Revenue Authority through fraud, bribery, embezzlement, and mismanagement prevention. Review of significant literature was carried out in order to improvement deeper understanding of the subject matter. Questionnaires were administered in order to generate the necessary primary data and were descriptively analyzed. Four hypotheses were identified and a Pearson’s Correlation, regression and a coefficient analysis tests were conducted to study the hypothesis statements. The result revealed that fraud prevention, bribery prevention, embezzlement prevention and mismanagement prevention all shows positive significant influence on public sector financial corruption mitigation particularly in GRA. This implies that public sector financial stakeholders (GRA) should give a great value of consideration to fraud, bribery, embezzlement and mismanagement prevention in the efforts of public sector financial corruption mitigation in the Gambia Revenue Authority. To this effect, the research commends that forensic accounting must be introduced as a compulsory tool in dealing with financial sector corruption in order to promote corporate governance. The government should encourage the practice of forensic accounting by providing adequate training and resources to forensic accountants such that they become an expert in their particular field of expertise and develop new courses at tertiary institutions relating to forensic accounting practices. Keywords: Forensic Accounting, Public Sector Accounting, Corruption mitigation Fraud prevention, Bribery prevention, Embezzlement prevention and Mismanagement prevention

EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL GREENING PROGRAM AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN REGION 12 []


Abstract The study assessed the community participation of the IP in the implementation of National Greening Program. It utilized the descriptive- correlational design in data gathering that was conducted in the three municipalities in Sarangani Province under which are recipients of the National Greening Program namely: Maasim, Kiamba, and Maitum municipalities to the purposively selected 105 Indigenous Peoples from the identified municipalities composed of tribal leaders, Local Government Unit officials and local farmers in the community. The study made use of the mean and Pearson r correlation as statistical tools in the analysis of data gathered. The findings of the study revealed the implementation strategy on social mobilization was 3.64 (highest) described as very highly utilized, in terms of harmonization initiatives was 3.58 described as very high rating, in terms of provision of incentives was 3.44 (lowest) described as highly utilized and in terms of monitoring and management of data got a mean of 3.48 described as highly utilized. The level of mobilization participation indecision making is 3.53 (lowest) described as very highly participated, in terms of participation in selecting the sites was 3.55 very high participation, and in terms of supervision and forest protection was 3.56 (highest) described as very highly participated. The overall mean of the effectiveness in providing food security revealed 3.56 (highest) described as very highly effective while in terms of poverty reduction it got an overall mean of 3.37 (lowest) describes as highly effective. There is a significant relationship between the implementation strategies and participation of the IPs in the effectiveness of National Greening Program implementation. The study concludes that DENR has involved the Indigenous Peoples in the implementation of the National Greening Program. The Indigenous Peoples has shown active participation and support in the implementation on the National Greening Program because this has helped in providing food and additional income in their community. Keywords: Evaluation, National Greening Program, Indigenous People, Region 12, Cotabato

Theoretical study on Challenges and Opportunities in SCL Optimization of SME Cargo Companies in Muscat []


Purpose: the aim of this study was to identify the challenges faced by SME companies, to understand the opportunities and challenges in supply chain and logistics sector and to analyze best practices and techniques in optimization of supply chain and logistics. Design/methodology/approach: this research follows exploratory research utilizing qualitative data collection method from secondary data through analysis of relevant prior academic literature in this field of study. Findings: Based on the study, the major challenges faced by SMEs in Oman include lack of finance, lack of marketing knowledge, operational limitations, and Lack of entrepreneurial culture and managerial skills. The opportunities in supply chain sector included the Location, Infrastructure, Economic Opportunities and Economic Diversification of Oman along with GSJ: Volume 10, Issue 8, August 2022 ISSN 2320-9186 1614 GSJ© 2022 www.globalscientificjournal.com challenges like Human Resource Competency, Competition and Connection, Technology and Transactions. Research limitations/implications: Based on the results, it was recommended that SMEs should focus on improving their Human Resource Competency, gain competitive advantage though optimization of supply chain and logistics activities using technology and implementing optimization strategies. Social Implications: The findings from this study have provided an academic and empirical contribution for the cargo and logistics companies and the SME community in Oman. Furthermore, provides a contextual and managerial contributions to the literature in optimization of supply chain logistics in SMEs. Originality / Value: No prior studies were found addressing optimization challenges and opportunities faced by SME cargo and logistics companies. Through this theoretical study that researcher attempts to shed light and tackle this situation.

Management and utilization of public financial resources in selected public primary schools of Chipata District, Eastern Province, Zambia. []


The purpose of the study was to assess efficient management and utilization of government financial resources in selected public primary schools in Chipata District of the Eastern Province, Zambia. Three objectives were formulated some of which are to: determine the budget allocation Criteria in selected public primary schools, assess the financial control and transparency in budget utilization in selected public primary and to access the management and utilization of financial resources by government in selected public primary schools. In this study both quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted and the research method used was descriptive survey. The sampling techniques used in this study were simple random sampling techniques and purposive sampling technique. The samples size drawn from four schools was 80 Academic staff. From other sectors such as administration staff, 20 sample participants and 4 PEO representatives and 4 Chipata DEBS’s members within all four schools that were chosen purposefully, altogether 108 participants. The data gathering instrument were questionnaire; Interview, FGD. In addition, the researcher used descriptive statistics using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation by applied statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) software package version 20.0. The major finding of the study revealed that there was no block grant allocated for the past twelve years; the budget allocated in each school is not adequate to fully implement the annual budget plan; no effective transparency and accountability of financial management and control. Research also shows that the management and use of financial resources are adequate, there was proper laid down policies and procedures on management and utilization of financial resources. However it was also found out that Head teachers and teachers entrusted to manage financial resources in primary schools were not skilled and qualified. In recommendation; It’s better to put policy in place which can motivate schools in order to make work condition attractive for ever one in order to fulfilling the benefit of school teachers, allocating adequate finance, available teaching materials to schools etc. In case of specific criteria being allocated budget, it’s better to consider distance of school like transportation material, available provision of stationary materials in that area and human power.

EFL Teachers’ integration of ICT to teach English as a Foreign Language in a private university []


This case study aims to investigate English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) for their daily classroom teaching practices. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. The data were transcribed and imported into NVivo 12 Plus software for coding and analysis. Results of the study show that EFL teachers integrate various kinds of technology in their classroom teaching practices.

Household Sanitation practices and nutritional status of pre-school children (30-59 months) in Epe Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria []


The study investigated the household sanitation practices and nutritional state of pre-school children (30-59months) in Epe LGA, Lagos, Nigeria. Quantitative methods were used to conduct a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study. The socio-demographic parameters of the caregivers, sources of water supply, sanitation habits and nutritional state of the children were examined using a standardized questionnaire and anthropometric scale measures The population of the study is 303,655 from which a sample size of 309 was drawn using a multi-stage sampling procedure. A validated questionnaire was used to obtain data from the participants. Frequency, percentage and Pearson r were used to analyze data. Boreholes and public faucets were the primary sources of water supply for houses. The prevalence of malnutrition was 14.6%, 17.5% and 22.3% for underweight, stunting and wasting respectively. There was a moderately high positive correlation (r=.641) between the participants' menage sanitation practices and the nutritional states of the children. Conclusions were reached and the study suggests that caregivers develop methods to enhance their family sanitation practices and that Physical Planning Authorities should ensure the enforcement of sanitary facility provision regulations for both residential and non-residential structures. Additionally, community stakeholders should mediate with the government at all levels to ensure that all menages have access to a stable and improved water supply as well as other basic sanitation facilities.

Effet de la nature du substrat sur les paramètres de germination des graines et de croissance des plants de Ximenia americana L. à L’IPR/IFRA de Katibougou au Mali []


La domestication des espèces à usages multiples peut contribuer à l’amélioration du niveau de vie des populations rurales et à la conservation de la biodiversité. Ximenia americana L. est l'une des plantes sauvages comestibles les plus précieuses au monde. Dans différents pays d’Afrique, elle est utilisée comme aliment pour l’Homme et animale, médicament, source d'huile essentielle, et composant industriel pour d'autres produits. Mais de nos jours, elle n'est pas suffisamment disponible dans les pays en raison du problème de déforestation au cours des années. De plus, son importance économique, son état actuel et ses rôles médicinaux ne sont pas bien documentés et compris. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons initié cette technique de production de plant de X. americana L. sur différents substrats. L’objectif de cette étude était de contribuer à la promotion de l’espèce à travers l’amélioration des connaissances sur les techniques de production des plants en pépinière. Pour ce faire, un dispositif de production de plants complètement randomisé à un facteur étudiés (substrat) à 4 variantes qui sont : les substrats limoneux (S1), argileux (S2), témoins (S3) et gravillonnaire. Chaque substrat a été considéré comme traitements et chaque traitement a été répété 4 fois soit 16 unités expérimentales pour l’ensemble de l’expérience. Ainsi, il a été produit avec succès 327 plants soit 91 plants sur un substrat limoneux, 86 plants sur le substrat argileux, 81 plants sur un substrat témoin et 69 plants sur un sol gravillonnaire. Le suivi des paramètres de germination et de croissance de ces plants produits a montré que le substrat de production a un effet sur le développement des plantules. Il ressort des résultats que le taux de survie des plantules est plus élevé (76%) sur le substrat Limoneux (S1) que sur les autres substrats. Il est suivi du substrat argileux (74%) et du substrat témoin (68%). Le substrat constitué par le sol gravillonnaire est celui qui a enregistré le plus faible taux de survie avec 58%. Cette technique peu onéreuse pourrait constituer une étape importante dans le processus de domestication de cette plante si les études complémentaires sur une période d’observation plus longue permettent de préciser la néoformation de racines vigoureuses permettant une adaptation rapide des plantules à leur futur biotope d’accueil et de croissance.

LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND EFFECTS OF THE DOH ANTI-MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PROGRAM IN BARANGAY KUSIONG, DOS, MAGUIDANAO []


Abstract This study entitled “Level of Awareness and Effects of the DOH Anti-Microbial Drug Resistance Program in Barangay Kusiong DOS Maguindanao” was conducted on the 35 individuals using survey questionnaire and simple interview in data gathering. The study made use of descriptive – qualitative design that used the percentage, mean and Pearson r Correlation in the analysis of data gathered; while, thematic analysis was used in the qualitative data. The findings revealed most of the respondents belong to age bracket of 18 – 22 years old, 26 – 32 years old and 43 – 59 years old, many of them have attained an elementary level of education, female, and from the Bisaya tribe. The level of awareness on the DOH Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Program in the proper use and side effects of antibiotics they are moderately aware. The effectiveness of the program in terms of the benefits in the correct use of antibiotics and information education done by the program about correct use of antibiotics revealed they are effective. There is a significant relationship between the educational attainment and sex and the overall awareness of the respondents on DOH Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Program. There is also a significant relationship between educational attainment and the overall effectiveness of the DOH Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Program. The problems encountered on the program are lack of information sources and difficulties of burying antibiotics without doctor’s prescriptions. The study concludes that they have low knowledge on the DOH Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Program since they are only moderately aware of the proper usage of antibiotics and its side effects. Keywords: Resistance Program, Anti-microbial drug, antibiotic, DOS Maguindanao

AN OVERVIEW OF HONOR KILLINGS IN AFGHANISTAN AN UNSEEN CRIME []


In a country that has been embroiled in civil war for more than forty years. Killing people is a recurring and accepted practice. In war, people are usually killed by groups and individuals who are opposed, but in Afghanistan this is not the only case, there are people who are killed by family members and relatives, whose number is reported in the hundreds every year. Honor killings are phenomenon that occurs almost everywhere in the world, but it is a common practice in Afghanistan and Afghanistan’s traditional and tribal society, which has its own culture, of which the issue of honor and integrity is one of the main elements. In this article we want to address the causes and the contexts of honor killings in Afghanistan. Dignity is mentioned in dictionaries to mean dignity, honor, homeland, right, modesty and also as the women of a male-dominated family. The term honor killings is murder in which the victims is killed with the motive of maintaining honor by relatives and himself for having an affair with a man, committing adultery, being raped, running away from home, or even refusing a forced marriage. Or another form of honor killing is the killing of girls and women at the hands of husbands, fathers, brothers or other male members of the family under the pretext of preserving honor and dignity. The most important indicator of honor killing is that, it is done to protect honor. According to the prevailing culture in Afghanistan, the main manifestations of honor are the wife, mother, sister daughter and women in the male family. Therefore, honor is specific to men, which does not apply to women. Article 547-546 of the Afghan penal code [1] provide for honor killings as a clear example of premeditated murder, but due to non-compliance with the law in these prestigious cases fewer perpetrators are punished. According to reports from domestic and international organizations, honor killings have not only not decreased in recent years, but have also increased. The years 1392-1391 (406),The first six months of 1394 (190), in the 1695 with an 8.6 percent increase in violence and according to the united nations in year 2017, 280 Afghan Women were killed under the pretext of the word “honor”. This year, too, we are witnessing reports of dozens of honor killings in various parts of Afghanistan. Therefore the problem of honor killings is one of the most important issues in our society that must be addressed radically and accurately.

PSYCHO-SOCIAL FUNCTIONING OF CHILDREN AGED 15-24 YEARS OLD IN POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGE IN COTABATO CITY []


ABSTRACT This study focused on the psycho-social functioning of children aged 15-24 years old in a polygamous marriage in Cotabato City. It gathered their constructs about polygamous marriage, their experiences in terms of their living conditions, family relationships and communications and what are the effects their constructs and experiences in their psychosocial functioning. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) using a semi-structured interview was conducted to ten (10) respondents where five (5) are males and five (5) are females in Cotabato City. The findings on each statement of the problem were clustered into overarching themes. Legal in Islam to marry up to four wives but with conditions, not experiencing conditions in a polygamous marriage, weak bond with father, no deep conversation with father, stayed positive through Islam faith, unable to portray my role a child to my father and Distant relationship with father. Symbolic Interactionism and its take on the family that stated shared activities help to build emotional bonds among family members, and that marriage and family relationships are based on negotiated meanings.  The symbolic interactionist perspective emphasizes that families reinforce and rejuvenate bonds through symbolic mechanism rituals such as family meals, time together and holidays. The way the children give meaning and interpret their situation depends on the symbols they create and how they interpret their situation. The roles they portray within their family, may it be through their father, mother, other wives of their father and siblings gives the different interpretations and understanding of their situation. All the matters happening inside their home are factors to the development of self-concept of the children. Keywords: Psycho-social Functioning, Polygamous Marriage, Interactionism, Cotabato City

The European Left's unjustifiable standoff []


It is obvious that the 2007 financial collapse, the accompanying refugee crisis, the health crisis, and the coronavirus pandemic have all had a role in the current bleak political climate. At the same time, the left lacks a distinct message or strategy for enhancing the lives of common people. In any case, the financial crisis emphasis on austerity and competitiveness has made the social conditions of the populace worse. The need for a "new left" with a pertinent narrative is unquestionably important. The uncertainty and instability that the so-called social left is currently dealing with in general is a direct cause of this desire. , The call for a "new left" with a relevant narrative is undoubtedly necessary. This demand is a direct result of the present-day uncertainty and instability that the so-called social left, in general, is experiencing. As part of a public policy program with an effective welfare state at its core, the democratic Left needs a new pragmatism in relation to realistic but substantial political objectives and demands. The new Left-wing narrative must place the goal of social justice at the center of a social realist framework that does not merely focus on the need for economic competitiveness and fiscal balance. Representation of a modern social "philosophy" of solidarity, advancement, and justice is necessary. This new agenda needs to be included in a long-term political reform strategy, which can only be realized when the objectives are clear and obvious to the general public.