Volume 10, Issue 8, August 2022 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF OPTICAL LOSSES IN FIBER OPTICS CHANNEL USING IMPROVED OPTICAL REPEATER []


This research work, proposed six channel dense-wavelength-division- multiplexing (DWDM) optical transmission system using improved parallel semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The SOA amplifiers overcome the attenuation effects of transmitted signal in optical communication systems. To overcome attenuation effects, pre-, post (booster) and In-line SOAs techniques are modeled, analyzed and compared for investigating the performance of DWDM system. The proposed system is designed for both single and multiple optical signal modulation format with dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and a single mode fiber (SMF). The system was implemented using Simulink. The input parameters of the optical amplifying system was 100GHz with a fiber optics length of 200km. The obtained result states that the improved parallel semiconductor optical amplifier was able to cover 154 kilometers and highest when compared to other optical amplifiers. In conclusion the improved optical amplifier has an ability to transmit optical signal to 154 Km and also reduce attenuation due to it amplifying strength. This system is also recommended to optical communication companies and telecommunication industries and also to be subjected for further improvements.

Factors contributing poor records management among staff in Ilala Municipal Council in Tanzania []


The purpose of the study was to assess factors contributing poor records management among staff in local government authorities in Tanzania, a case of Ilala Municipal Council. Specifically; to identify the contribution of lack of training, lack of motivation and poor working facilities on poor staff records management in Ilala Municipal Council. The targeted population was 320 staffs from Ilala Municipal Council where a sample size of 76 staff was drawn out of it. Cross sectional research design was employed where quantitative approach was applied. Simple random sampling was used to select staffs whereas data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and regression analysis. The study found that most employees are not trained on how to manage record properly which reduces their competence on proper record management. Moreover, findings discovered that most employees are not appreciated, recognized, promoted or supported with the management on record management issues. In addition, findings revealed that there is poor record system, lack of record tools, lack of record material and equipment, poor record working conditions and lack of record safety and security at Ilala Municipal Council, which contributes to poor record management within the organization. In the case of the normal regression output the adjusted R2 equals to 0.640 implying that the model explains about 64% variations in the poor staff record management. Therefore, lack of training, lack of motivation and poor working facilities are significant contributing to poor staff record management in local government authorities. Therefore, the study concludes that lack of employees training, motivation and poor working facilities discourages employees and affects their effectiveness of managing properly records within the organization. The study recommends that employees should be well trained for any updates on record management system; moreover, employees should be motivation by not only financial motivation but also promotion, recognition or appreciation on their record management duties; furthermore, Ilala Municipal Council should ensure there is availability of quality working facilities especially on record management issues.

ROLE-PLAY SIMULATION ON VEHICLE ACQUISTION: BUYER-SELLER NEGOTIATION []


This article addressed Brazilian buyer-seller negotiations. The contract objective was the acquisition of 20 utility cars intended to renew the purchasing company's vehicle fleet. After a bidding process, two out of four competitors deal with the company purchaser. The role-play simulation is a teaching material that is helpful to professors, instructors, scholars, and practitioners. Key findings pointed out the necessity of improving value creation, understanding underlying interests, and solving joint problems. Finally, a complete set of teaching notes compile the present case study.

Production du tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1758) à base des sous-produits agricoles locaux à la Station de Recherche Agronomique de Mopti au Mali []


Three fish feeds formulated with locally available agricultural by-products and an imported commercial industrial feed (BioMar) serving as a control were tested. Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus with an initial average weight of 35.86 g were stocked at a density of two fish per square meter. The nutritional qualities of food on growth and survival rate were determined for each food. The measurements of the physico-chemical parameters, the fishing controls were carried out once a month. The final mean weights obtained were 172.82 ± 41.85 g for the control diet; 144.49± 27.62 g for food (A1); 171.91 ±26.55 g for food (A2) and 165.39 ±40.46 g for food (A3). Foods A2 and A3 gave the best performance compared to food A1. The average daily gains were 0.67 ± 0.06 g for food (A1); 0.84 ± 0.07 g for food (A3); 0.86 ± 0.08 g for food (A2) and 0.94 ± 0.02 g for control food. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference between the control treatment, treatment 2 and treatment 3. Keywords: fish farming, Oreochromis niloticus, agricultural by-products, Mopti.

Structure par taille et facteur de condition chez Coptodon zillii pêché dans le lac de Sélingué au Mali []


Cette contribution a pour but d’étudier la structure par taille et le facteur de condition chez Coptodon zillii, exploité dans le lac de Sélingué. La structure de taille et le facteur de condition sont des paramètres importants pour caractériser les captures de poisson. Au total, 1182 poissons sont prélevés dans deux débarcadères (Carrière et Faraba), de juin 2020 à mai 2021. Ils sont mesurés à l’aide d’un pied à coulisse, pesés sur une balance, disséqués pour déterminer le sexe. Les données ont permis d’établir la structure de taille, la relation longueur totale-longueur standard et le facteur de condition. Les résultats montrent qu’à Carrière, les échantillons sont dominés par des individus de tailles allant de 6,1-8,0 cm et 9,1-13,0 cm, représentant 88,47%. A Faraba, les échantillons sont dominés par des individus de tailles variant entre 6,1 et 10,0 cm, représentant 84,63%. Les tailles moyennes des poissons des débarcadères présentent une différence significative (p=0,0091), les poissons de grande taille sont rencontrés à Carrière. Il existe une forte corrélation entre la longueur totale et la longueur standard à Faraba en toute saison, r² entre 0,96 et 0,98, alors qu’à Carrière r² était compris entre 0,97 et 0,99 en saison des pluies et entre 0,78 et 0,87 en saison sèche froide. Les valeurs moyennes du facteur de condition des échantillons de deux sites ne présentent de différence significative (p=0,85). Les tailles observées montrent une pression de la pêche sur l’espèce. Les résultats serviront les services de pêche pour une meilleure gestion de l’espèce. Mots clés : Tilapia zillii, structure de taille, facteur de condition, Sélingué, Mali.

THE CONDITION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE AT THE EVACUATION CENTER IN MAGUINDANAO ARMED CONFLICT AREAS []


Abstract The study ascertained The Condition of Internally Displaced People at the evacuation center in Maguindanao Armed Conflicts Areas. Specifically, this study sought to find out the condition of the internally displaced people psycho-social and their satisfaction on the government response at the evacuation center on their posttraumatic stress-disorder period in maguindanao armed conflicts. The descriptive-evaluative research design guided by research questions was used in purposive sampling wherein 120 respondents identified as Internally Displaced people of Maguindanao armed conflicts areas were asked to answer their condition at the evacuation center. The satisfaction of the internally displace people on the government response in terms of food assistance, relief assistance, security and safety measure was also determined. The data were treated using the descriptive statistics such as the frequency, percentage distribution, and means was used to find out the condition and the level of their satisfaction as internally displace people at the evacuation center in maguindanao armed conflicts.The findings of the study showed that there is no psycho-socio activities is perform by the internally displace people to develop and cope up with their psycho-social condition during the recovery period with their post-traumatic stress experience in Maguindanao armed conflicts. Keywords: Internally Displaced People, Armed Conflict, Evacuation Center, Maguindanao

Toddlers at the brink of intergenerational poverty []


The study sought to explore the lived circumstances of toddlers living in impoverished conditions in slums and sub standard housing units in Mucheke high density suburb in Masvingo in Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews, focused group discussions and observations were used to gather data from participants most of whom were toddlers’ single mothers surviving on vending. These were considered ideal for the study as their conditions could help to unravel the focus of the study premised on the “invisible urban poor” a concept overlooked by many scholars. It emerged from the study that adopted a qualitative approach, that toddlers in the said context survived in conditions of abject poverty rarely captured by the ordinary eye. Contrary to popular belief among adults that young children are oblivious of their deprived circumstances, toddlers observed in the study demonstrated an awareness of their lack of basic necessities as demonstrated by their protest and aggression against parents/guardians and peers in given situations. Adult-child interaction also appeared compromised given the weak attachment and bonding as a result of long periods of separation as adults engaged in numerous socio-economic activities to earn a living. This reduced the toddlers’ sense of self and self esteem. Lack of basic provisions such as food and clothing and a general inability to access decent health, sanitary and ablution facilities compromised standards of living and subjected toddlers to a culture of perennial poverty and extinguished prospects for school attendance. The toddlers’ circumstances laid fertile grounds for a vicious cycle of poverty and heightened the risk of inter-generational poverty as their families are often excluded intervention programmes by government, donor agencies and other stakeholders who usually prefer rural communities for various reasons.

A PHILOSOPHY OF PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT: AMARTYA SEN’S CAPABILITY APPROACH []


Abstract The research clarifies the concepts of peace and development as part of the re-evaluation of the capability approach as a social philosophical framework for peace and development. The research re-examines the idea of Amartya Sen’s capability approach to peace and development as a viable framework to social development. This paper talks about the criticisms of the approaches currently in use today for the well-being of the individual. Further, it follows the line of development of social philosophical frameworks related to the approaches of peace and development currently in use and uses these philosophical frameworks as stepping stones to build up a new understanding of the capability approach with the modifications from the recent developments and studies. In conclusion, the research provides a philosophical framework in understanding peace and development that would help in the reevaluation of the approaches being used today for the well-being of the individual and the society at the same time introducing the adaptations of the capability approach by Amartya Sen as well as the recent developments of the approach as a probable solution towards this problem. Keywords: Peace and Development, Amartya Sen’s Capability, Social Development, Philosophical Framework

LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SCHOOLOGY: ITS EFFECT ON STUDENTS’ TECHNICAL WRITING SKILLS []


Abstract The primary aimed of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Learning Management System (LMS) Schoology as regards enhancing the proficiency of the college students in technical writing. Adopting the experimental method of investigation, the study has involved forty-five (45) college students enrolled in EN 121-Writing in the Discipline with the descriptive title Scientific Research and Business Communication at Cotabato City State Polytechnic College, Cotabato City, Philippines. The researcher chose the said subjects using the pretest and post-test inclusion rubrics formulated as their basis for rating. A teacher-made test duly validated by several experts in the field of English language teaching served as the primary instrument of this study. The research tools used by the researcher largely depends on the sincerity, thoughtfulness and objectivity of the respondents. In treating the study, the researcher used the descriptive statistics particularly the frequency count,mean and percentage to answer the problems 1 and 2 and for Problem 3, the t-test was utilized to find out whether the relationship between the students’ performance in technical writing before and after the use of Learning Management System Schoology is used. This confirms that the proficiency of the subjects in Technical Writing can be further enhanced through the LMS Schoology. Overall, the findings suggest that teachers should utilize the LMS Schoology only as a supplement to the traditional method of teaching to enhance the college students’ proficiency in Technical writing. Keywords: Learning Management System, Schoology, Technical Writing, Cotabato City

To identify how country-of-origin and brand reputation affect to the consumer purchase intention on mobile phones in Sri Lanka. []


This thesis gives insight in to the mobile phone market industry in Sri Lanka. Mobile phone manufacturers and marketers are facing hyper competition in Sri Lanka as well as globally. Mobile phone marketers should have clearly idea about the factors which are affecting to consumer purchasing intention. In this thesis I have obtain 2 factors such as country of origin and brand reputation as independent factors to analysis the significant of the consumer purchasing intention of the smart phone.

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HPV AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN KAYONZA DISTRICT, RWANDA []


Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among female sex workers (FSWs) caused a number of issues that are related to their health problems and even death. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with HPV among FSWs in Kayonza district, Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 379 FSWs selected using simple random sampling. Structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics including percentages and frequencies were comput-ed. Chi-square by use of were applied to determine the factors associated to HPV among the female sex work-ers. Multivariate analysis using was applied to determine the strength and direction of association. Results: The highest percentage (34.1%) was of respondents aged between 40 and 44 years, about half (51.9%) attained primary education; most (64.3%) were single. The prevalence of the HPV was 34.1%. After running multiple logistic regression the following factors were independently associated with HPV: FSWs who never attended school [AOR = 2.84; 95%CI = 1.74-4.62; p <0.001], HIV infection [AOR = 2.35; 95%CI = 1.40-3.94; p =0.003], smoking [AOR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.95-5.49; p <0.001], taking shower daily [AOR = 0.45; 95%CI = 0.27-0.73; p =0.001] and lack of using condom [AOR = 2.74; 95%CI = 1.14-6.59; p =0.024]. Conclusion: Targeted health education about HPV risk factors, integrated cervical cancer screening pro-grammes in ongoing HIV/AIDS care services, provision of condoms and provision of HPV to this high-risk group of female sex workers should be implemented.

ÉTUDE DE LA RECOMBIANISON GÉNÉTIQUE CHEZ ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA []


La recombinaison génétique est un mécanisme déterminant dans l'évolution des espèces. Elle consiste en l'échange d'information génétique entre chromosomes homologues ou par-fois homéologues. Dans ce dernier contexte, une réduction de la fréquence de recombinai-son est souvent observée et il est postulé que des gènes du système MMR seraient impliqués dans un tel phénomène. En vue de vérifier cette hypothèse et en l’absence d’espèces sau-vages apparentées compatibles, nous avons cherché à mesurer les effets de l’homéologie sur la fréquence de recombinaison au niveau intra-spécifique chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Dans cette étude, nous avons comparé la recombinaison génétique entre les écotypes Niederzenz et Landsberg erecta, deux écotypes supposés parmi les plus distants chez cette espèce. Nos résultats indiquent qu'aux locus étudiés aucune différence significative n’a pu être observée. Une explication possible est que l'homéologie entre les séquences nucléotidiques des deux (2) écotypes n'est pas suffisamment grande pour engendrer un abaissement du taux de re-combinaison génétique.

VIRTUAL REALITY: EFFECT AND IMPACT TO STAY-AT-HOME TEENAGERS []


Mental health problem is one of the struggles that we face in times of this pandemic. Most teenagers struggle a lot and especially they stayed a lot at home because of the pandemic. Using technologies during the pandemic really helps us to communicate with each other. It might help us to distract ourselves from the bad events in the world. Using virtual reality might have an effect and impact on teenagers whether it is good or bad. This study aims to know how does Virtual reality could lessen the mental health problem with teenagers during the pandemic. The researcher used descriptive method of research in achieving the desired objectives. The researcher used a researcher-made questionnaire duly validated by using lawhse tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of twenty (20) teenagers using purposive sampling technique within Bacolod City in different ages.

La promotion des pratiques d’hygiène et de la qualité des services et soins de santé « apport et limites de la démarche qualité - 5S-KAIZEN-TQM » à la Clinique Ngaliema en République Démocratique du Congo []


Résumé : étudier l’apport de l’approche 5S – KAIZEN – TQM sur le degré de mise en œuvre des activités de la promotion de l’hygiène hospitalière et de ses effets sur le processus de prévention des infections nosocomiales à la Clinique Ngaliema à Kinshasa-République Démocratique du Congo. Méthodes : Une étude mixte qualitative et quantitative, avec plusieurs niveaux d’analyse, est réalisée à l’aide des techniques de la revue de documentation, du questionnaire, de l’observation et de l’entretien. L’analyse a été effectuée selon le modèle logique en utilisant le logiciel SPSS de la version 22, Excel et Word. Ensuite, des analyses uni variées et bi-variées ont été réalisées. Les données recueillies par les entretiens ont été analysées selon la démarche de l’analyse du contenu. Enfin, les données recueillies par observation ont été analysées manuellement par une grille. Résultats : Ils révèlent que le niveau global des activités de promotion de l’hygiène à la Clinique Ngaliema est assez bien exécuté avec un score de 55%. La mise en œuvre de ces activités est peu robuste. On a observé que 58% du personnel comprennent les règles de prévention. La prévalence des ISO est de 22,5%, le taux des escarres est de 1,5%, on a observé que 84,8% des soignants sont satisfaits de la lutte contre les infections nosocomiales, 93,4% ne sont pas informés des règles d’hygiène à observer, 95,2% des patients sont satisfaits de l’environnement de l’hôpital. Les facteurs contextuels qui ont influencé la mise en œuvre sont le soutien et l’implication des responsables, le degré de communication, la disponibilité des ressources, le degré d’adhésion des agents, la formation hospitalière et le style de gestion. Discussion : Actuellement, la sécurité des patients constitue un grand défi mondial. Les infections nosocomiales se classent parmi les principales causes de mortalité et de morbidité chez les patients. Les personnels soignants, les visiteurs et les garde-malades n’en sont pas épargnés. La prévention de ces infections est basée sur le respect des bonnes pratiques et la mise en application des mesures d’hygiène lors de la pratique des soins. Certains pays ont réalisé des avancées significatives en matière de la qualité des soins. Pour combler ce retard, le Ministère de la Santé Publique de la République Démocratique du Congo, dans son Plan Stratégique de la Réforme Hospitalière (PSRH) révisé en 2022 a prévu d’instaurer dans l’un de ses sous axes, la démarche qualité «5S-KAIZEN-TQM » comme un des outils pour améliorer la qualité dans les établissements des soins et structures de santé. Conclusion : nous a fait l’évaluation de la mise en œuvre de la démarche qualité «5S-KAIZEN-TQM » à l’hôpital pilote (Clinique Ngaliema) en dégageant son apport et ses limites sur le processus de la prévention des infections nosocomiales. Les résultats montrent que la démarche 5S est effective, a produit des résultats plus ou moins satisfaisants. Cependant, les étapes S4 (standardisation) et S5 (discipline), socle de la pérennisation et de capitalisation sont déficitaires. Par rapport à la robustesse et au changement, les indicateurs ont montré que cette approche a présenté un faible degré de robustesse par rapport aux variations contextuelles. L’analyse des facteurs contextuels a dégagé les facteurs ayant facilité la mise en œuvre des activités de promotion de l’hygiène hospitalière et de ses effets sur le processus de prévention des infections nosocomiales : il s’agit du soutien et de l’implication des responsables locaux (EMQ) et le degré de communication entre les différentes structures. Mots clés : Promotion, pratiques, hygiène, qualité, soins, services et 5s-kaizen-tqm, Clinique Ngaliema

An analysis of the Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education Program: Implications for Policy []


Abstract Education is not only a rights but a responsibility. In this sense education for the Muslim must be properly plan and implemented in order for the Muslim to become Khalifa. The study was focused on the effectiveness of A.L.I.V.E. Program from the point of view of Asatidz in Cotabato City.The study was limited only to assess the effectiveness of the A.L.I.V.E. Program. The respondents of the study were the A.L.I.V.E. teachers in elementary level of Public Schools in Cotabato City and Asatidz for the school year 2013-2014. The program also helped to develop Muslim children in understanding their religion better. It was also found out that the program is designed by the national government to facilitate the immediate integration of the Muslims to the mainstream Filipino cultures- the undying objective of the Philippine government since its creation. It recognized and valued the Muslims’ unique socio-cultural and spiritual heritage and the pupils who attended the A.L.I.V.E. acquired knowledge on Islamic values and learned their religion, thus, Muslim children were able to perform the basic teachings of Islam. Keywords: Khalifa, Asatidz, A.L.I.V.E. (Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education), Cotabato City

SURVEY RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES []


This article focuses on the question of survey research in the social sciences. It is a unique method of data gathering in the social sciences, which involves the use of questionnaire and interview techniques. The questionnaire technique involve the use of instruments ranging from the loosely structured, highly structured, open-ended to closed-ended questionnaires that aim at collection of quantitative data. While interview technique includes the use of personal interviews, ranging from schedule-structured, informal, unstructured, to telephone interviews. This paper shows that that survey research is the main method for a social scientist with numerous strengths despite some weaknesses. In conclusion, the paper argues that survey research method can be adapted to the emerging advancements in science, information communication and technology. Keywords: Survey research, questionnaire survey, interview survey, survey instrument, social sciences

FOOD GETTING PRACTICES OF THE LEVUNGANEN MANOBO: A BASIS FOR INTERCULTURAL RESPECT []


Abstract This study describes the food getting practices of the Levunganen Manobo of Sitio Misulo, Barangay Demapaco, Muncipality of Libungan, North Cotabato. The Levunganen Manobo is one of the several branches of the Manobo people who have split into different sub-tribes as a consequence of the people’s being nomadic. The study includes data on the food usually served on their table as this could validate the data on the food getting practices. The food getting practices have changed in many ways because of the changes in the environmental landscape and also due to the fact that they do not anymore own the land that they had considered their homes for several decades already. This is the major finding of the study. The other findings are based on this, such as: the food served on the Manobo table have also changed, owing to the assimilation process going on. They have learned to do menial jobs for the people in lowland Libungan. In returned, they have learned to eat the food items in the market, and use the material things in their stores. Even the medicines are not obtained from nature anymore but usually from the drugstores and the over-the-counter medicines are now sold in small sari-sari stores in the Manobo village in Sitio Misulo, the locale of the study. The process of assimilation has been taking place naturally, it has been the normal consequence of the proximity between two cultures, that of the Levunganen Manobo and the culture of the lowlanders. The researcher did not notice any observable attempt to force the cultural practices into the people. However, there are still remnants of the native culture. The adults could still speak the language proficiently although the lingua franca used is a combination of the Cebuano and Ilongo languages. Based on the observations mentioned above, intercultural respect is still observable. This respect is mutual. Further, mutual appreciation is also perceived in both groups. The lowlanders would buy the agricultural products, even medicinal parts of some plants sold by the Levunganen Manobo and the former would also buy the merchandises from the Ilonggo and the Cebuano. Keywords: Food Getting Practices, Intercultural Respect, Levunganen Manobo, Libungan North Cotabato

Impact of Social Media on Radio (A Study of Students of Mass Communication Department, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo). []


The new media, which use websites, blogs, facebook, X (formally twitter), audio streaming, youtube, skype, online videos, mobile devices as tools, have come to break geographical barriers making the world a global village where information and communication is shared with increased speed and volume. It has provided opportunities for interactive communication that sparks up social rapid changes. There is no gain saying that the new media technology is the world’s fastest growing sector, especially in Nigeria. Today, multimedia communication, the computer and the internet have converged. This convergence has left traditional media especially radio to forms in self-doubt as to their future and relevance in the new media era. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of new media on Broadcasting on Journalism Practice (A Study of Undergraduates Students of Mass Communication Department, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo). The population for this study is the students of Mass Communication Department, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo, within the age group 18 years and 30 years. The total number of students in the department is 1,583. Therefore a representative sample of 200 was drawn from the population. The study concludes that new media plays a vital/significant role on radio and all other media but can only achieve its objectives when properly used or relayed. Because new media needs to encompass all information and communication technologies including radio and provides opportunities that could not be reduce through traditional media. Keywords: Media, Social Media, Radio and Impact.