Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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DIFFICULTIES OF GRADE 6 LEARNERS IN SOLVING HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) IN THE CONCEPT OF FRACTIONS []


This study aims to know the difficulties of grade 6 learners in terms of solving higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in the concept of fractions and operations with fractions. Solving a Mathematics problem is an activity that can generate Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among students. In the study, maximum diversity sampling, which is a purposeful design, was used the research. The difficulties of every student incomes of solving-problem can be caused by various kinds of errors. Hence, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the difficulties of grade 6 students when it comes to solving Higher Order Thinking Skills in the concept of Fraction. In addition to this study, fraction makes the students mistakes in decoding and the reason for these mistakes was dwelled on. It is seen that the students have misunderstandings and make mistakes in solving Higher Order Thinking Skills about fractions. It is seen that the students are not fully used when it comes to solving operations with fractions, they have misunderstandings and making mistakes that would result in the difficulties of the students.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Health Hazards in soils from some selected Solid Mineral Mining Sites in Edo-North, Nigeria []


Abstract This paper presents an assessment of natural radioactivity in soil of some selected solid mineral mining sites in Edo-North Nigeria using gamma spectroscopy [NaI(TI)]. The measured activity concentrations of radionuclides for all the sites ranged from (0 – 3137.18±162.21) Bqkg-1 with mean value of 961.5±55.245 Bqkg-1 for 40K, 232Th in the range of (3.7±0.23 – 21.63±1.30) Bqkg-1 with a mean value of 12.9±0.79 Bqkg-1 and 238U in the range of (0.68±0.10 – 197.3±19.21) Bqkg-1 with mean value of 28.2±3.25 Bqkg-1. Similarly, comparing the mean activity concentration of radionuclides of all soil samples with UNSCEAR, (2000) standards, it was observed that the obtained average results of 40K were above the recommended standard values of 400 Bqkg-1. While that of 232Th and 238U were below the recommended standard value of 30 Bqkg -1and 33 Bqkg-1. The variation in the specific activity concentration of radionuclides in the soils sample follows the order 232Th ˂ 238U ˂ 40K. However, the estimated radiological hazard and activity utilization indices are lower than the world permissible values in most of the solid mineral mining environment and higher than standard in some others (Vandom-Uruoke, Cinoma-Okpilla, Bua-Okpilla, Ayetoro-pitting and Pettra-Ogben). Therefore, utilization of the studied soil may not cause any immediate health hazard to man but prolonged exposure might pose health challenges.

Adsorption evaluation of selected heavy metal ions by amino-functionalized low-cost adsorbents. A Review []


Presence of heavy metals in drinking water has significant adverse effects on human wellbeing due to their toxicity nature. Several techniques have been employed to reduce their concentration to permissible levels. In recent years, adsorption has been widely investigated from low-cost adsorbents due to their cost effectiveness and easy in design. The application of amino-functionalized adsorbents for decontamination of wastewater have been reported. Generally, chemical modification of adsorbents has proved to have a higher adsorption capacity. Numerous amino- compounds such as ethylenediamine, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, Triethylenetetramine, Sodium p-aminobenzoate, Acrylonitrile, Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride, Polyaniline, Nitrilotriacetic acid, 3-aminopyrazole, N,N -dimethyl benzal aniline, Di (2-picolyl) amine, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid etc. grafted on adsorbents in studying equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics has been reported. These adsorbents are applied extensively in the removal of heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Cr3+, Co2+, As5+ among others. The paper reviews the applicability of vast amino-functionalized adsorbents in the study of equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic adsorption studies of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

The Importance Of Thermal Comfort In A Learning Environment []


Rapid urbanization will have an effect on local environment. This microclimate change will have an effect on the local community, including classrooms. However, research on comfort in the teaching and learning environment is very small, especially in schools. Thermal comfort is described as "the state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment" (ISO Standard 7730 in 1994). Thermal comfort is caused by sunlight, convection heat, radiation, and absorption of heat loss (evaporative heat loss), and preserved heat created by human metabolism can be removed. This would keep the system in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding climate. All gains or losses south of this range would be unpleasant due to the sun. Many experiments have shown that thermal comfort can affect occupants. Several recent experiments have found that international comfort levels for buildings and the associated prediction models report a colder feeling than inhabitants report in naturally ventilated buildings in warm climates. This paper discusses several elements of the controversy concerning thermal comfort of naturally ventilated buildings in warm and humid climates. The Teaching and Learning Classroom. Thermal Comfort Inventory (TLTCI) instrument was used to define and analyze students' views of classroom comfort and schools. According to the findings, the surveyed students have a high degree of understanding about climate change and believe that their teaching and learning classroom thermal comfort is adequate.

SOFT STRATEGIC DEPTH: A CONCEPT OF MEDIA CORRIDOR BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND CENTRAL ASIA []


ABSTRACT This thesis presents an exhaustive review of the media environment and suggests a direction for the development of a Media Corridor between Pakistan and the Central Asian States. Since Independence Day the CARs have acquired the attention of regional and global powers because geographically this region has been locked but very rich in oil and natural resources. Especially Pakistan and Central Asia have a common history, culture, religion, and agriculture. Their friendly relations are reflected in policy statements delivered by the Government’s officials who are appearing in the national and international media. Theoretically, the Media can affect foreign policies through its agenda setting, agenda reflecting and agenda building policies. According to the different studies that the role of media has been less debated but this study makes an endeavor to fill up these gaps, moreover, in this research, the researcher has focused to develop a concept of a “Media Corridor” between Pakistan and the Central Asian States. The objectives of this study are to find out the possible media’s role in strengthening the relationship between Pakistan and Central Asia and to explore the prospects and challenges for developing a suggested Media Corridor between Pakistan and Central Asia. The main purpose of this research is to identify the obstacles and opportunities in relations between Media organizations and people belong to Media Houses in Pakistan and Central Asia. For this study, the researcher has opted for a qualitative methodology in which 10 in-depth interviews (IDI) have been conducted for this study. Three of them with the media experts, six interviews with academic professors (two of them from Uzbekistan), and one with the Press Secretary from the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Islamabad. The agenda-setting theory has been applied to the theoretical perspective of the research. The key conclusion is that the media in both ends instead of playing a very important role in building the relationship between Pakistan and the Central Asian States follows the official narrative of the governments. For this purpose, the researcher concludes with the arguments that there is a die need to develop a Media Corridor in between Pakistan and the Central Asian States. Keywords: Soft Strategic Depth, Media Corridor, Pakistan, Central Asia, SCO, Media Forums, Print & Electronic Media

ELECTROCHEMISTRY []


An experimental analysis was carried out on aged extracts of matured Persea Americana var. Americana for their corrosion inhibition potentials on mild steel in 1 M HCI conditions using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. The tests were considered at room temperature for 24 hours, and also for higher temperature of 40oC and 70oC for 1 hour. The results showed that the seed extracts have appreciable corrosion inhibition potentials which decreased with increase in temperature. Inhibition efficiency showed that it increased with increase in inhibitor concentration across the same temperature, and similarly decreased with increase in temperature within the same concentration range. The maximum inhibition value was 96.5879 % in 24 hours, 86.6138 % for 40oC and 99.2563 % for 70oC with1000 mgL-1. The Arrhenius equations showed activation energy increased generally showing that physisorption rather than chemisorption is prevalent. The values of the heat of adsorption are all negative for temperatures indicative of the fact that inhibition efficiency decreases with rise in temperature, a proof that the inhibition trend was physisorption. The result from potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance tests shows that reduction in current potential in the presence of the inhibitor at both concentrations shows it is a mixed-inhibitor. Keywords: Aged extracts, Arrhenius equation, mixed-inhibitor, Persea Americana, physisorption

The Effect of Leadership, Motivation and Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance at The Regional Revenue Service of Morowali Regency []


This study aims to determine and analyze (1) the influence of leadership, motivation, and job satisfaction on employee performance; (2) the influence of leadership on employee performance; (3) the effect of motivation on employee performance; and (4) the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance. The population in this study were employees at the Regional Revenue Service of Mor-owal Regency, amounting to 31 people. The determination of the number of samples in this study was by using the census method, which was all taken as a sample of 31 employees. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression using SPSS software. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that (1) leadership, motivation, and job satisfaction simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee per-formance; (3) motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; and (4) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

E-COMMERCE AMIDST COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN THE PHILIPPINES: A LITERATURE REVIEW []


The purpose of this literature review article is to investigate and explore how the E-commerce emerges during Covid 19 Pandemic. The article will also focus on the effect of the pandemic on its marketing strategies on shifting to online business or e-commerce during the pandemic. The article will also focus on the rise of e-commerce in the Philippines and its impact to business. The explanatory paper will also discuss how the changing behavior of the Filipino buyers has evolved from the usual process of acquiring the product like going to the physical store to online or e-commerce business.

Travelling Salesman Problem – ARM heuristic []


The paper discusses the travelling salesman heuristic using Hungarian Assignment Method, Nearest Neighbourhood, Minimum Spanning Tree and Branch and Bound Method and develops an improved heuristic or a modification of Hungarian Assignment Method called ARM heuristic. The criteria used for ARM Method is proved mathematically in this paper.

effects of the free maternity healthcare programme on utilization of maternal health services and its challenges at Iten county referral hospital, kenya []


The Kenyan maternal care for free was acquainted in 2013. This program though has faced a few challenges, in a duration of one month of establishing free maternal health centres, expectant ladies looking for maternal free care had increased by almost 100%. This study aimed to evaluate effect of free maternity health care Programme on the utilization of maternal health services at Iten county referral hospital. It targeted mothers who had delivered at Iten hospital or visited the hospital for PNC services. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design based in a hospital set up. Systematic sampling was employed for postnatal mothers. A purposive sampling method was employed for key informants. Simple random sampling was employed for health care providers as well as the files from the period before and after the implementation of this programme. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used for data collection. Collected data were coded and entered into SPSS (Version 20) for analysis. The results were summarized as percentage responses and presented in tables and figures. A large proportion (57.3%) of the respondents was aged above 36 years. Based on education, the majority of the respondents (79.9%) had formal education. Unemployed respondents constituted the highest percentage (54.0%). The average number of attendants for antenatal care was 167. A majority (67.0%) of the respondents indicated they had delivered before the FMS programme (χ2 = 11.56, d.f=1, P=0.0007). In response to whether attending free maternity services programme was a problem, a majority (33.8%) of respondents agreed with the statement. A majority (65.9%) argued that they had never had a confrontation with caregivers (χ2=10.24, df=1, p=0.0014). There was a significant difference in responses pertaining to statements that ante and postnatal services caregivers were friendly (χ2=89.77, df=5, p=0.0001). All interviewed administration on free maternity care program reported it as a good program. As far as operational constraints was of concern, the majority of the respondents indicated that reaching the hospital especially at night was a big challenge (χ2=25.2079, d.f.=2, P-Value> 0.0001 Respondents also suggested that ambulances be provided to assist in transporting labouring women especially at night (45.3%), as well as more staff to be employed to attend to women seeking free maternal services (23.2%). The study conclude that the program is an excellent initiative and every effort should be made to sustain it and recommends that the National and County Governments establish clear monitoring and evaluation procedures to track results of the program and also establish a tracking system to ensure that free medical cover refunds are committed to improving maternal health services as advised.

A Mixed use Development in Port Harcourt (Enhancing movement and connectivity in a multi use development) []


ABSTRACT This study aim is to design a Mixed use development for the Urban unit that will produce a vibrant new neighborhood for people, promote flexibility, openness and a model for sustainability approach to development in Port Harcourt. The most persistent problem in PH is lack of adequate infrastructure. There are other issues which include poor transportation network, low productivity and high rates of unemployment and underemployment. Research studies showed that the quality of life and the environment has been on a rapid decline as compared to the rapid population growth in the metropolis. These numerous metropolitan issues could not be addressed in a single use development hence the mixed use development. This study was explored, using a quantitative case study approach that combined both primary and secondary data collection in an interpretative nature. Findings from the study reveal that the mixed used development will help tackle the problem of traffic congestion in PH metropolis, due to the problem of increasing population by reducing the need for vehicle travel, it ensure easy use of public transport, walk, or bike in the metropolis of Port Harcourt, which will help to efficiently connect the metropolis’s vicinity to create inclusive, connected communities. More so it will introduce shared vicinity space: Plazas, parks, and sidewalks foster interaction among vicinity members. The study recommends that the state government should engage in a continuous study and research about the dynamics of the metropolis. i.e. its demography, density, Urbanization rate and trends. Data collected from these studies should be used to create a database which will aid in making metropolitan policies and decisions

SUITABILITY OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: AN INNOVATIVE DIGITAL SOLUTION []


The role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is indispensable when it comes to conceptualizing, designing, planning and managing an infrastructure project. Construction companies as well as engineering and architectural companies around the world embarked on this endeavor to compete globally. However, not all companies involved in construction projects who are categorized as medium and small scale are aware of the benefits and importance of BIM software. This study aims at assessing the suitability, benefits, barriers and challenges of BIM technology which are described as gaps or findings from most literature reviewed in a worldwide perspective. To attain this objective, the researcher consolidated and reviewed relevant literature and studies about BIM technology published internationally from 2021-2016. The study gathered the results on the findings and conclusions of each article. However, the literature reviewed shows that there were a lot of factors both from internal and external forces that prevented the suitability in the application and adoption of BIM software in the international construction industry. Keywords: Suitability, Building Information Modeling, Construction Industry, Innovative, Digital Solution

Possibility of Largest Underground Limestone Deposit and Coal Resource at Tajpur Basin in Bangladesh []


Tajpur Basin is located at southern slope of Rangpur Saddle/Platform which is the eastern continuation of Indian shield covering the area of around 400 sq. km. Two Geological Drilling Holes (GDH-70/15 and GDH-71/16) were drilled in order to explore any economic deposit. Thick layer of limestone was present below the 648 m surface, the thickness is varies from hole to hole (29 m-30 m) and contains 92-94% CaCO3. If the thickness of limestone occurs throughout the whole basin, the reserve of limestone will be around 25000 million ton which may be the largest underground limestone deposit in the world. GDH 70/15 and GDH-71/16 were closed at the depth of 843.3 m and 960 m due to unavoidable circumstances. Chronologically, all geological formations (from Alluvium to Upper Gondwana) were found in both drill holes in the respective depth and Upper Gondwana is overlain the coal bearing Lower Gondwana in our country’s respect of geological point of view. Presence of Gondwana sediments, presence of chronological all geological formations and position of the basin (surrounded by coal bearing area) revealed that possible strong indication of the existence of coal bearing lower Gondwana formation at greater depth of that basin.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF AZO DYES DERIVED FROM SULPHANILIC ACID []


Azo dyes were synthesized using sulphanilic acid as the diazo component and betaoxynaphthoic acid(BON acid) and 1-naptholas the coupling components,the wavelength of maximum absorbtion is at 471.00 and 509.00 nm on the solvent ethanol for dye 1 and dye2respectively.thus the synthesized dyes were characterized using Gallan kamp melting point apparatus in which dye 1 and dye 2 have the melting point range of 298- 200 ℃ respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies shows that dye 1 has the following functional group and vibrational frequencies;3429.2 cmˉˡ NH-stretch,2981.9 cmˉˡ CH-stretch,1722.0 cmˉˡ ,1677.3 cmˉˡ N=N stretch.While dye 2 has the following;1722.0 cmˉˡ NH-stretch,2881.9 cmˉˡ CH-stretch,1722.0 cmˉˡ ,1677.0 cmˉˡ N=N stretch. The electrical conductivity was varied from 10-10,000 Hz and the electrical conductivity at power frequency of 60 Hz was obtained to be 1.36 x 10 -2 and 9.81 x 10-6 S/m for dye 1 and dye 2 respectively. The electrical conductivity of the two azo dyes comes within the range of the semiconductor band of 102 – 10- 12S/cm.

Online Game-Based Instruction and Performance of Learners: A Literature Review []


In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, several academics have shared their work on teaching and learning in a variety of ways. A number of institutions, colleges, and universities have begun to phase out face-to-face instruction. Since Information technology (IT) and the Internet have had an impact on people's lives, it offers something different in the educational field. For this new normal setup of education, online distance learning becomes relevant in the teaching and learning process. Because of rapid technical improvements and the COVID-19 issue, distance education has become more accessible. This crisis has provided us the opportunity to better understand how online distance learning will be employed. However, there are drawbacks to online education, such as distractions and a lack of interest, which is why teachers employed online game-based instruction to address this issue. This exploratory work intended to examine a number of papers that explain the online game-based instruction, and to see if there is a significant impact on learners' performance when utilizing it. Will this be beneficial or will it aggravate the situation? The goal of this literature review is to shed light not only on the advantages of online game-based instruction, but also on its positive impact on learners' performance. Moreover, to investigate the life experiences of public-school teachers in terms of how they will continue to be successful teachers and how they may assist their students despite their distances.

MARKETING ENVIRONMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF SOME SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL SALES REPRESENTATIVES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA []


Marketing environment factors/forces is viewed as relative to the behavioral aspect of job performance of a Pharmaceutical Sales Representative (PSR) in achieving the organizational objectives. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between marketing environment and job performance of a PSR in south western Nigeria. It span through, nine pharmaceutical firms based on their brand strength, licensed production technology, competitive nature, environmental dynamism, market share and longevity. The population cut across the management team, operations, marketing/sales and research & development. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data and construct. Following the model fit, after a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the path estimate hypothesis model indicates the significant relationship marketing environment on job performance. The findings revealed that a positive and significant at 1%. It further revealed that marketing environment will boldly explain for about 1.198 units increase in job performance of a PSR as at the time of this study.

ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY TO ABULOMA COMMUNITY IN PORT HARCOURT FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE []


The improved electrical power supply to Abuloma community in Port Harcourt is a research conducted, that is necessary for the planning, operation, future expansion and improvement of the power supply via the utility in charge of electrical distribution to the area under consideration. The analysis was conducted to tackle and solve the problem of overload/over independence of transmission line station, power outages in the zone (study area), system failures and deviation between energy generating capacity and energy demand to the receiving end. A detailed survey was conducted, from which the line and bus data, transformer capacities and loadings, and the short circuit capacity of the injection substation feeding the area were obtained. The network was modeled and simulated in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) using Fast Decoupled Load Flow Method (FDLFM) for the purpose of improved power quality. The modeled simulated result show that buses 20, 26 and 35 in the network flagged overload marginal. Addition of appropriately sized 3800Kvar capacitor to the violated buses in other to supply the system with more reactive power. This enhances the voltage stability limits, thus drastically improving the power quality in study area. Simulation result showed that the power injected into the network via buses 1 and 2 are 0.501MVA and 0.494MVA respectively, which then increased to 0.663MVA and 0.674MVA at buses 1 and 2 respectively after the introduction of the adequately sized 3800Kvar capacitor to the violated buses.

STATISTICAL COMPUTING- II LAB MANUAL FOR R AND SAS STATISTICAL SOFTWARE’S []


This manual is intended as a guide to data analysis with the R and SAS software’s for statistical computing. R is an environment incorporating an implementation of the S programming language, which is powerful, flexible and has excellent graphical facilities (R Development Core Team, 2005). SAS is a sophisticated computer package containing many components. The capabilities of the entire package extend far beyond the needs of an introductory statistics course. In the manual we aim to give relatively brief and straightforward descriptions of how to conduct a range of statistical analyses using R and SAS. Each chapter deals with the analysis appropriate for one or several data sets. A brief account of the relevant statistical background is included in each session along with appropriate references, but our prime focus is on how to use R and SAS. We hope the Manual will provide students and researchers in many disciplines with a self-contained means of using R and SAS to analyze their data.

ANALYZE VALUE ADDED OF FISHERIES PRODUCT ON MICRO SMALL MEDIUM AND INTERMEDIATE BUSINESSES IN CIREBON REGENCY []


This study aims to counting of value added product UMKM in Cirebon Regency. The research began in October 2019 until November 2019. The research method was carried out using the Hayami method. The data collected through survey decisions which were then purposive sampling descriptive. The research data consists of two types, there are primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis of value added fishery product in Cirebon Regency have Fish Meatballs (12,79%), Pempek (28,30%), Dragon Feet (29,40%), Smoked Fish (29,50%), Shredded FIsh (47,30%), Fish Paste (65,70%), Fish Crackers (69,40%), Salted Fish (70,00%), Shrimp Paste (73,50%) dan Pindang (74,20%)

Factors Influencing the Fear of Hypodermic Needles Among Young Adults in Bulacan []


Context: Fear of needles is one of the prevalent distressing aspects for patients in healthcare settings. According to research, fear of needles can significantly restrict a person's professional and social functioning and is highly prevalent in the general population. Aim: This study's primary objective is to determine the factors influencing the fear of hypodermic needles among young adults in Bulacan. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out with the help of a survey tool in which items were scored based on a 5‑point Likert scale ranging from very true of me to untrue of me. The study included 384 young adults residing in Bulacan, and the observation was recorded and analyzed. Results: The results revealed that hypodermic needle fear has a prevalence of 34% among young adults. Furthermore, in terms of gender, hypodermic needle fear has a higher prevalence in females than males. Also, hypodermic needle fear has a prevalence of 41% in District 3 of Bulacan. Moreover, it was found out that seeing the needles penetrating someone's skin, amateur medical staff, not easily accessible veins are the factors influencing the hypodermic needle fear among the young adults in Bulacan. Keywords- Fear of Hypodermic Needles, Medical Avoidance, Factors, Prevalence

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EQUALIZATION POLICY OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS MEDIATOR AND ADMINITRATIVE POSITION TO FUNCTIONAL POSITION OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS MEDIATOR AT THE MINISTRY OF MANPOWER: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


One of the functions of service in the manpower sector is service in the field of industrial relations. The government has raised the indus-trial relations mediator, namely civil servants, that serves to mediate the settlement of dispute in industrial relations. The effectiveness of the equalization policy of industrial relations from administrative positions to the functional positions should be questioned. This paper sets out to develop a conceptual model to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy. Literature review, conceptual model, and research methodology are discussed. Practicing this paper would instantly provide information about the effectiveness of the policy as describe in the conceptual model.

TECHNOLOGY CHANGE AND STUDENTS BEHAVIOR IN 21ST CENTURY []


The reason for this examination was to dissect the impacts of innovation on understudy learning. With the steadily evolving universe of innovation, homerooms are acquiring innovation and consolidating it into understudy learning. Despite the fact that innovation can profit understudy learning, it can likewise be negative to the instructive interaction. Innovation upgrades many learning openings and takes into consideration understudy comfort however can likewise be a device that is excessively vigorously depended on and can conceivably impact understudy fine engine improvement and critical thinking abilities. In this examination study, the analysts studied K-12 teachers to get input on how innovation impacts their study hall. This examination decided how innovation impacts understudy learning. The discoveries showed that more preparation for instructors and understudies are important to more readily execute innovation in the study hall. Besides, this examination called attention to the fact that understudies are more drawn in and alright with innovation, yet they can turn into an administration concern.

Utilisation des infrastructures routières par les exploitants forestiers et problématique de la conservation de la biodiversité dans le Parc National de Lobéké (Région de l’Est-Cameroun) []


Résumé L’utilisation des infrastructures routières présentes autour des aires protégées par les exploitants forestiers et autres usagers entraine une augmentation des menaces récurrentes d’origine anthropiques sur leur biodiversité. L’un des paradoxes dans lequel s’inscrit cette recherche, est le contraste qui existe entre la volonté de conservation et la présence d’un vaste réseau routier à l’intérieur et autour du Parc National de la Lobéké (PNL) utilisé par divers acteurs dont les uns sont des exploitants forestiers et les autres les exploitants miniers. L’étude s’est appuyée sur les enquêtes par des questionnaires auprès d’un échantillon de 63 ménages choisis en fonction de leurs proximités avec le Parc et les routes. Aussi, un total de 10 personnes ressources intervenant dans la conservation de la biodiversité dans le Parc National de Lobéké a été interviewé. Il en ressort que les impacts qui se produisent sont entre autres la diminution de la faune, la migration des animaux, les troubles de reproduction des animaux, la réduction de la biodiversité floristique et la diversité des échanges. Une bonne orientation de l’utilisation des routes et pistes forestières dans le Parc National de Lobéké et sa zone périphérique permettrait de minimiser les effets néfastes de la circulation des véhicules de transport du bois sur sa biodiversité. Mots clés : Aire protégée, Évaluation d’impact, infrastructures routières, exploitations forestières, biodiversité, Parc National de Lobéké

Study on some bacterial pathogens causing septicemia and death in ducks with special reference to Riemerella anatipestifer []


Riemerella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli infections are important waterfowl pathogens, causing major economic losses to the duck-producing industry as they are the causative agent of duck septicemia with mortality among ducks. The aim of the present study was isolation and identification of some bacterial pathogens causing septicemia and deathes in ducks. A total of 100 ducks (Muscovy, Pekin and Cross breed) suffered from signs of septicemia, respiratory and nervous manifestations were collected from different farms and small holders at El- Beheira governorate. The obtained results revealed that the total percentage of Escherichia coli, Staphylococci and R. anatipestifer were37%, 23% and 4% respectively. Molecular assays like 16S rRNA based PCR and R. anatipestifer specific PCR, were used for confirmation of the R. anatipestifer isolates as well as directly from clinical samples. Moreover, R. anatipestifer isolates were examined for the presence of some virulence genes that associated with its pathogenicity as (ompA and dnaB genes), the results showed that both genes were detected in all isolates. Serological identification of E.coli isolates (37) was made and showed that they belonged to the following serotypes: O126,O86,O157,O44,O55,and O164 in an incidence of 7,4,7,6,6,4 and3 respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of bacterial isolates was carried out to choose the best effective antibiotics and showed that all isolates shared in their sensitivity to Imipenem and Ofloxacin. PCR assay proved to be highly sensitive, rapid and specific assay for detection of R. anatipestifer from pure cultures as well as direct detection from clinical samples.

INTENSITY ANALYSIS ON LANDUSE CHANGE IN YENAGOA METROPOLIS, BAYELSA STATE NIGERIA []


LandSat Images of 1986/87, 2002 and 2018 obtained from the Archives of the United States Geological Survey were used to analysed urban landuse change in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Images were supervised and classify into five classes, built- up area, agriculture/cleared land, bare-soil, forest and water using maximum likelihood classification algorithm. Land use change was determined by transition matrix, based on the transition matrix, gain, loss, persistence, total change, swap and absolute value of net change were computed. Intensity Analysis was used to determine the annual change of a particular location at a given point in time at three levels, interval, category and the transitional level of intensity. The results revealed that between 1986/87, 2002 and 2018, built-up area and agricultural/cleared land use increased and gained more persistence than other land use which showed a decline and loss in persistence due to rapid urban expansion in the study area. Intensity of urban land use at the interval level revealed that the annual land use change intensity was relatively fast during the first time interval 1986-2002. At the Category level the result revealed that built-up gain was active and experienced more intensity across the landscape, Transitional level revealed that Built-up areas expanded and targeted at the expense of other land use in the study area. The study therefore recommended that suitable landuse control measure should be put in place and urban dwellers be involved in land use planning process and implementation law and also development of plans for intensification of landuse rather than sprawl in the study area.

DIETARY DIVERSITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN YEKA SUB CITY, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA, 2020 []


Background: Adolescence girls are very importance section of our society as they are the potential mothers and homemakers in future. Malnourished adolescent girls are at risk of being stunted mothers who are likely to suffer obstetric complications and to deliver low birth weight babies that could lead to intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Addressing the nutritional problems of adolescent girl is important as their nutritional status has a negative effect on the future generation. However, adolescents receive very little attention; as a result, there is limited understanding of the problem and how best to manage it. Objective: To assess the dietary diversity and associated factors among adolescent girls in Yeka Sub-city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 464 adolescent girls at Yeka sub-city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia from September 1 to 30, 2020. Data was collected using trained data collectors. The data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire by systematic random sampling technique and checked for completeness and entered by Epidata version 3.1 and cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 21.The multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with dietary diversity practice. The degrees of association between dependent and independent variables were assessed using OR at 95% CI. Multicollinearity and model God fitness test were also done. Result: The mean and SD of dietary diversity score was 3.75±1.16 respectively. More than two-third (77.6%) adolescent girls had sub-optimal dietary diversity score. Type of school: government school attendant (AOR [95% CI] = 2.14 [1.37, 4.07]), grade of adolescent girls: elementary school AOR [95% CI] = 2.98 [1.27, 7.01]), high school AOR [95% CI] = 2.87 [1.21, 6.77]), maternal educational status: elementary level AOR [95% CI] = 3.00 [1.07, 8.28]), secondary level AOR [95% CI] = 2.45 [1.32, 4.57], family size: 5 and above AOR [95% CI] = 0.41 [0.23, 0.73] and dependency ratio 50% and above AOR [95% CI] = 3.75 [2.01,6.33]) were significantly associated with sub-optimal dietary diversity score. Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of sub-optimal dietary diversity scores was high in the study area. Adolescent girls attending school type, grade level, maternal education, family size,, and dependency ratio were significantly associated with sub-optimal dietary diversity scores. School-based nutrition education and counseling and community-based programs to reach both the students and their families. Keywords: Dietary diversity practice, Adolescent girl, Addis Ababa.

GESTION D’EAU DE BOISON DANS LES MENAGES DE LA ZONE DE SANTE DE BONZOLA, VILLE DE MBUJIMAYI/ RD.CONGO (Cas de l’Aire de Santé de Tshikisha) []


Introduction L’objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer les différents problèmes liés à la gestion de l’eau dans les ménages de l’Aire de Santé de Tshikisha, Zone de Santé de Bonzola, ville de Mbujimayi en République Démocratique du Congo. Matériel et méthode Notre étude descriptive transversale, concernant un échantillon constitué de 426 ménages tiré aléatoirement dans la population cible de 2159 ménages de l’aire de santé Tshikisha. Les données ont été collectées d’un questionnaire administré à un répondant de chaque ménage. Résultats Les résultats enregistrés ont révélé que la quantité d’eau utilisée au regard de la recommandation de l’OMS 400 ménages (93,9%) utilisaient au plus de 180 litres. La principale source d’approvisionnement a été borne de fontaine, déclaré par 324 ménages (76,1%) et le reste (23,9%) recouraient à l’eau de rivière ou des pluies. Pour y accéder 157 ménages (36,9%) parcouraient la distance pendant un temps supérieur à 30 minutes, 205 ménages (48,1%) inférieur ou égal à 30 minutes. Le bidon en plastic était le récipient le plus utilisé pour puisage de l’eau (66,2%) et le stockage (65,3%). 72,3% des ménages déboursaient mensuellement plus de 5 dollars pour ‘approvisionnaient en eau. Quant au traitement de l’eau de boisson, 340 ménages (79,8%) n’en traitaient pas. Conclusion Après minutieuse étude, nous avons constaté que la gestion de l’eau dans les ménages enquêtés constituait un réel problème de la santé publique et une vraie menace pour le développement cette aire de la santé en particulier et de la ville de Mbujimayi en général. Mots clés : Gestion, Eau de boisson, Traitement de l’eau, Ménage

STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ON QUALITATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN REGION XI []


ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the best fit model on qualitative productivity. In particular, sustainability practices, organizational performance, and quality management practices were investigated with the use of adapted questionnaires as tools in gathering the primary data from the 400 respondents in Region XI. The research design used in the study was descriptive-correlative technique using Structural Equation Model. Findings reveal that sustainability practices, organizational performance, and quality management practices have significant relationships with qualitative productivity. All latent exogenous variables significantly influence the endogenous variable qualitative productivity. Model 4 was depicted as the best fit for this study, and it revealed qualitative productivity was influenced by sales revenue and optimization of labour capitalization, anchored on the strong evidence sustainability practices influenced by stakeholder orientation and sustainability features of products and services; organizational performance defined by financial and market performance; quality management practices defined by leadership and process management. Keywords: sustainability practices, organizational performance, and quality management practices, structural equation model, Philippines

ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON AT HIGH TIDE WITHIN THE CROSS RIVER ESTUARY, SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA []


This study investigated the species composition, abundance, distribution and seasonal occurrences of microalgae (phytoplankton) in the Cross River Estuary. Water samples for physicochemical parameters and microalgae analysis were collected monthly at high tide for six (6) months from three stations within the study area. Water samples were collected using twenty liters (20L) plastic bucket, filtered through 55µm plankton net, preserved in four percent (4%) formaldehyde and were stained with 3 ml Lugol’s iodine in the laboratory prior to analysis. Data from this study were analysed using ANOVA, descriptive statistics and regression analysis. A total of 41 species of microalgae belonging to five (5) taxonomic groups were identified. The groups of microalgae identified during this study were arranged according to their species richness and followed the order of dominance: Bacillarophyceae > Chlorophyceae > Dinophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Euglenophyceae. There was no significant difference in the abundance of microalgae within the three stations (P>0.05) but there was a significant difference in the abundance of microalgae between the two seasons (P<0.05). Diversity, during this study, is considered to be very low. The abundance of microalgae significantly correlated with the concentrations of silicates (r = 0.763, P<0.05), nitrates (r = 0.724, P<0.05), and phosphates (r = 0.834, P<0.05). Diversity, during this study, is considered to be very low. Besides nutrients, the composition and abundance of microalgae is to a greater extent affected by tide.