Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Enhancing Accessibility and Daylighting In A Learning Environment []


The study of daylight conditions in indoor learning environments has been a topic of interest in developing nations, especially in Africa and Asia, since the nineteenth century. Despite this, it has been argued that having a view outside—or even using daylight instead of more stable and manageable artificial light—could reduce students' success without providing a friendly and safe atmosphere, it appears that there is now widespread agreement on the importance of designing well-daylit spaces. This paper examines how researchers have approached the challenge of comprehending and resolving the dynamic relationships that exist between local climate, user needs, and design constraints in school construction. The case studies presented here, which are focused on either experimental measurements or simulations, emphasize the importance of taking a holistic approach to the subject in order to fully comprehend the non-trivial requirements of a daylit educational setting. This paper reviews the research on daylighting and student success and growth, as well as four case studies of schools that have introduced daylighting in their buildings at a low cost.

Waste Management System in a Private Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh []


Abstract: Medical waste is potentially infectious waste materials generated at different health care institutes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the medical waste management system, practices and to determine the amount of waste generated at a privately organized medical college hospital, Prime Medical College Hospital (PMCH), Rangpur. The survey and observation was conducted on eight wards of PMCH. This survey-based research was conducted to collect information on the practices related to waste segregation, collection procedures, temporary storage procedure, on-site transport and primary dumping point, treatment of wastes, off-site transport and final disposal options. In addition, the amounts of essential gases viz., O2, CO, CO2 was also measured at different sites of waste disposal point. The study shows the highest amount of total wastes 108.95kg per day generated in gynae ward 1, and the lowest is 58.22 kg per day in medicine male ward. The highest average amount of general waste generated per day per bed is 1.98±0.06 kg in gynae ward 1 and the lowest 1.65±0.08 kg per day per bed in urology ward. But, the highest amount 0.40±0.03kg of medical waste generated in gynae ward 2 and the lowest amount 0.20±0.03kg in gynae ward 1 per day per bed. The overall percentage of general and medical waste generated in eight wards of PMCH is 85.47% and 14.53% respectively. The study observed that segregation of all wastes is not conducted according to consistent rules and standards. In most cases, medical waste is disposed of with domestic wastes. As medical wastes pose a significant impact on health and environment. This study suggests urgent need for raising awareness and education on medical waste issues. The observation shows the mean amount of oxygen was 20.49ppm in the air on the disposal site, 20.63ppm in the air on 100 meter away from disposal site and 20.76ppm at distant place of disposal site. The amount of carbon monoxide is nil in the air. The mean amount of carbon dioxide is 448.27ppm in the air on disposal site, 467.23ppm on 100 meter away from disposal site and 451.45ppm in the air in at distant site. The present observation reveals the increase of atmospheric CO2 by 12.5% in last few decades.

Comparative Analysis of Three Groundwater Treatment Methods in Imo State Nigeria. []


ABSTRACT In this study groundwater contaminants in Imo state made up of twenty-seven local government areas were investigated. Four (4) groundwater samples were collected from each local government area. This amounted to one hundred and eight (108) samples from the three senatorial zones of the state namely Owerri, Orlu and Okigwe. These samples were collected randomly from sites close to dump sites, septic tanks, Abattoirs, mechanic village, fertilized agricultural farms, industrial areas, clusters and from sites far away from perceived sources of contamination. To avoid contamination from tanks, the samples were collected at the well head, before water enters into tanks. Three (3) liters of water were collected from sample after pumping for about 3-5 minutes to ensure collection of representative samples. Well drained plastic containers tightly corked were used in collecting samples to minimize contamination that could alter the water constituents. The groundwater samples were tested for quality under physio-chemical and microbiological parameters using standard water quality methods. Water sample (1L) in the first container in each ground water was used for microbial test. The second container (1L) was acidified with two (2) drops of conc. HNO3acid for cations determination in order to homogenize and prevent absorption and adsorption of metals to the wall of the plastic container. The third container (also 1L) was used for anion determination. These samples were preserved in boxes to keep the temperature below 20oC and transferred to the laboratory for analysis within 24 hours of collection. Samples were analyzed for microbiological parameters like BOD, TVC and coliform. A three –in-one pH meter was used to determine the pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water samples while conductivity meter was employed for the determination of electrical conductivity. Spectrophotometer was used in the determination of different hydrogeochemical parameters (sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrate and sulphate). Other analysis for magnesium and calcium were done by Complexometric titration method. Keyword: Groundwater, Pollution, Contaminants and septic tank

PERFORMANCE OF MALE BROILER CHICKENS FED CHELATED COPPER (MINTREX) AND INORGANIC SALTS EQUIVALENT OF COPPER AND METHIONINE []


ABSTRACT A feeding trial was conducted for eight weeks to evaluate the effect of two different sources of copper and methionine. Inorganic copper sulphate+DL- methionine and copper mintrex (chelate) on the performance response of male finisher broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty day old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight treatments and each treatment were replicated six times. Mintrex was included at 0, 73.53, 147.06 and 294.12g/100kg of diets. The inorganic equivalent in 100kg diet from copper sulphate (CuS04) and DL-methionine were 0gCuS04+0gDL-methionine, 49.12gCuS04+63.9gDL-methionine, 98.24g CuS04+196.00g DL methionine 196.4gCuS04+255.9gDL-methionine respectively. The mintrex and inorganic equivalent salt of CuS04 and DL- methionine supplied 0, 125, 250 and 500ppm of copper in combination with 0, 640, 1279, and 2559ppm of methionine. At starter phase the inclusion of mintrex and inorganic equivalents significantly (P<0.05) influenced the final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The final weight and weight gain in both mintrex and inorganic equivalents significantly increased as the level of supplementation increased (p<0.05). The value obtain in mintrex group were higher than those of the inorganic equivalents. The feed intake of group fed mintrex of 73.53g and 147.06g/00kg diet and inorganic equivalents of 49.12gCuS04+63.90gDL-methionine are statistically the same (P>0.05).The feed conversion ratio improved with increased level of supplementation with mintrex and inorganic equivalents. The best feed conversion ratio was obtained when mintrex was added at 294.12g/100kg of diet. At finisher phase the inclusion of mintrex and inorganic equivalents significantly (P<0.05) influenced the final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The final weight and weight gain in both mintrex and inorganic equivalents significantly (P<0.05) increased as the levels increased. The value of final weight and weight gain in mintrex group were higher than those of the inorganic equivalent. The feed intake increased as level of mintrex and inorganic equivalent increased, except in group fed diet that contained mintrex at 147.06g/100kg diet where there was depression in feed intake. The feed conversion ratio also improved with increased level of supplementation with mintrex and inorganic salt equivalents. The best feed conversion ratio was obtained when mintrex was added at 294.12/100kg diet. Livability was statistically the same (P>0.05). It was concluded from this study that mintrex at 294.12g/100kg supported better performance at starter and finisher than all other inorganic equivalents.

Women and Property Inheritance: A theological Challenge posed by Cultural Matrix in Kenya []


Women in Africa experience discrimination in property inheritance particularly concerning land inheritance. Property inheritance is fundamentally linked to peoples' worldviews. This paper argues that property inheritance, particularly land inheritance is linked to the peoples’ culture. Culture dictates the allocation of resources in Africa. The paper sheds light on a theological perspective based on women and land inheritance as supported by biblical scriptures (Proverbs 31:10-31) which guides that women are supposed to be innovative and creative. This paper relied on both interviews schedules and documentary analysis of the available literature to espouse the argument that despite Kenya's constitution 2010 specifying that there shall be no gender discrimination in the allocation of land, the people's worldviews on property inheritance have not changed. Keywords: Women, Property, inheritance, gender, economic stability

Church and politics: The conflict of Interests []


The church and politics in Africa have a complex association it has virtually become a recognized consensus among African scholars of religion that politics and religion are associated in Africa, particularly from an early colonial perspective. It is unquestionably necessary to call into question the veracity of this claim and to investigate the link between religion and politics in Kenya. Despite the fact that Kenya is a secular state with no distinct national religion, Kenyans tend to employ their religious convictions in political matters. Kenya's central government, like many other political institutions, is controlled by Christians. Throughout Kenyan elections, the church plays a significant role in voter mobilization. Politicians are frequently seen at church-es and religious congregations during the campaign time, making large gifts and overtly rallying congregants for votes. The same politicians are then implicated in election irregularities, which as in past general elections, leads to post-election turmoil in the country, negatively affecting the church and creating a conflict of interest between Christians and politics. People have turned to churches and religious leaders as a beacon of hope, championing their interests and exerting pressure on politicians to live up to their promises of good governance and credibility as the governing body and credibility have dwindled as a re-sult of corrupt practices, economic decline, and state persecution. As a result, the purpose of this article is to assess the negative consequences and effects of politics and politicians on the church, as well as the church's involvement in politics. Keywords; Politics, Church, Religion, political unrest, Christians

CORRELATES OF LOAN REPAYMENT STATUS AMONG MEMBERS OF THE HOLY CROSS COLLEGE OF CALINAN MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVE []


The study looked into the correlates of loan repayment status among members of the Holy Cross College of Calinan Multi-purpose Cooperative. A questionnaire was used in gathering data. The respondents were the members of HCCC multi-purpose cooperative. The data gathered was tabulated and analyzed using the following statistical treatment: frequency distribution in determining the socio-economic profile of the respondents; average or mean in determining the level of satisfaction of the respondents towards organizational factor and loan repayment delinquency of the respondents; correlation in determining the significant relationship between socio-economic, organizational, and behavioral factors. On the socio-economic profile, results showed that there were as many single as that of married respondents comprising almost 95 percent; majority were earning at most Php10,000, having no children, and were not availing the loans offered by the cooperative. As to the amount of contribution, most of the respondents contributed the lowest contribution of Php 2,000 and below. The amount of amortization ranged from Php800 to more than Php2,000 depending on the amount of money borrowed and the number of payment period. In terms of the level of satisfaction of the respondents, they were satisfied as to loan rates, supervision and penalties. The levels of ascription to behavioral factors in terms of management of funds, willingness to pay were high while indebtedness has low level of ascription. As to the loan repayment status, majority of those who availed loans were moderately delinquent which means up to two months of delayed payment. As to the test of relationship, significant results were obtained between loan repayment status and such factors as civil status, income, amount of loan, amount of contribution or share capital, amount of amortization and indebtedness. On the other hand no significant relationships were observed between loan repayment status and such factors as family size, level of satisfaction on loan rates, supervision and penalties, management of funds and willingness to pay.

IMPACT OF VIRTUAL LEARNING IN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS SPECIFICALLY IN MATHEMATICS: A LITERATURE REVIEW []


This exploratory paper aimed to review various articles that explain the different impacts of virtual learning on the academic performance of grade 11 students, specifically in Mathematics. This aims to identify the research gap about the impact of virtual learning in grade 11 students. It reviewed articles published in online international journals from 2000 to 2021. The review focuses on the ideas and conclusions of the articles reviewed. The paper shows that the impact of a student’s use of a virtual learning environment (VLE) on their academic performance has not been the subject of the many research, it is more on to be of interest to both learners and the educators who develop materials for a VLE (Demian and Morrice, 2015). That several factors were affecting the academic performance of grade 11 students in Mathematics during virtual learning. However, the literature reviewed showed that there were insufficient findings on the resiliency of the students on the impact of virtual learning in their performance in Mathematics. This was more on the academic performance in all subjects. Keywords: Virtual Learning, impact, the academic performance of Grade 11 students

Perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum at an atypical location []


Meckel's diverticulum is a true congenital diverticulum whereby there is failure in involution of the vitelline duct. This occurs in 1 to 2% of the general population, however only 4 - 6 % of this individuals develop complications . Perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum is rare and only few cases of ileal mesentric border location have been reported in the literature. This is a case study of a 15 years old boy in which he presented with features of perforated appendicitis. Intraoperatively, the appendix is inflamed but there was gross contamination surrounding the small bowels. The authors identified a sloughy mass at around 30cm from ileocaecal junction and located at the mesenteric border. We proceeded with lower midline laparotomy, segmental ileal resection with primary end to end anastomosis and appendicectomy. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis which was a perforated Meckel’s diverticulum causing the appendix to be inflamed. This denotes the importance of examining the small bowel especially in patients presenting with features mimicking appendicitis.

A Paradigm Shift in Shopping Culture of Bangladesh with a Progressive Participation of Women Entrepreneurs: Problems and Prospects; A Sociological Study []


In this era of modernization, people are getting more involved in the online world. As a result, E-commerce or online business has become a great scope for economic advancement and women empowerment at the same time. Women of Bangladesh are getting involved into the online business area and proving their excellence every day. But still they are facing barriers of the patriarchal society in every step. Nonetheless they are heading towards success while dealing with all the negativity and blockades. This paper tries to put light on the obstacles women are facing to do online business and it also tries to mention some possible ways to overcome them.

TELEMEDICINE PORTAL IN THE NEW NORMAL: A LITERATURE REVIEW PAPER []


The global health crisis, COVID-19 brought paralysis on many aspects of human activities. This significant pause brought in a slew of new initiatives to address the pandemic's difficulties. The normalcy of orthodox practices becomes under scrutiny. Healthcare realm necessitates a revamp to address different challenges most especially doing face to face customary transactions. The review focused its emphasis on the findings and conclusions of the articles reviewed. This review tries to ponder the significance of telemedicine to address socioeconomic challenges exposed by the pandemic. The potency of telemedicine is seen as the panacea for this major quandary. This will lead to the revolution in delivering quality, affordable, and accessible health care services not bound by geographic limitations. It will likewise combat the scarcity of clinicians across the globe. However, the papers reviewed were insufficient to cover a more comprehensive and innovative telehealth portal where clinicians and patients conveniently meet.

COFFEE TRADING AND DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS – PROSPECTS INTO ITS ENTERPRISE FEASIBILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW PAPER []


This paper is aimed to explore the viability of a coffee trading and distribution business in turning it to a feasible business organization. This study is enjoined to bring into account the current condition of the country’s coffee industry in the light of bridging the various gaps in business towards a more responsive and globally competitive industry favourable to its particular customers and beneficiaries. It reviewed articles from 2011-2021. The review focused its emphasis on the findings and conclusions of the articles reviewed. The paper revealed that there is a promising notion for a business of trading and distributing coffee products to be established and sustained. Along with the promising prospects of it being lucratively profitable and sustainable, There are also trade-offs that need to be addressed for failure in doing so could spell failure in business operations. The veritable information garnered about coffee trading and distribution in this study to be used by coffee owners could provide awareness of the survivability and sustainability coffee businesses that currently in operation or yet to be established. With an overall knowledge about the industry, coffee shop owners, traders, and distributors could better appeal to customers in their marketplace as they can adopt these insights to increase better or sustain sales. The potential social change benefits from the proposed study include sustained employment of the coffee shop employees, coffee traders, and coffee distributors alike which can improve self-worth and human dignity for employed individuals and business owners. Outcomes from this paper would helpful in hiring more employees. Also, increased business and employment may result in more tax revenues for communities, which can help citizens and the in extension, the national economy.

A STUDY ON LOGISTICS OPERATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO SELECTED LOGISTICS OPERATORS []


Logistics operations environment has direct implications on international trade and development. In many countries, however, government institutions do not regulate logistics services as if they were part of a singular sector, but rather through disjointed regulatory frameworks. This hinders the provision of adequate logistics services and, consequently, has an impact on greater trade expansion. Operational strategy is an essential process in many organizations regardless of size, nature or type. However, differences in decision-making process are existing due to the variety of situation, These studies identified the role of Bahrain and its wise government in the field of logistics, the import and export application in order to enhance the quality of services and accessibility by establishing the portal of e-Government as an important example that leads to the vision of Bahrain 2030. Logistics operations mainly involved in inbound and outbound materials. Parts supplies and finished products. Particularly logistics companies are working functional basis of Purchasing, transportation and storage and further in case of channels basis the logistics operators are operating in pre production. This study aims to investigate and assess the logistics operators of the selected companies. In the current research the researcher applied the quantitative method and has investigated 75 respondents from three different logistics operators .The results of this study will serve the information needed by the different firms such as Business Leaders in Bahrain, Government of Kingdom of Bahrain, Business Resources, Businessmen/ Importers and Exporters. Managers the key purpose of the study was to measure the effect of the customer’s types along with suppliers, competitors, regulations, economy and technology on the prohibitions, regulation, security in the kingdom of Bahrain. The result of this will contribute the success factors in the Logistics operational management in e-business services for improvement and implementation of channels and customer services.The research based on The IPO model which is a systems theory, as it rests on the assumption that a team is more than one-to-one relationships between variables, For the researcher who would like to further explore the vast opportunity for discovering more about how to manage in logistics and supply chain management, duplicating the research in particular industry and business sector, this current research can become an important input for further studies. Keywords: logistics, supply chain, prohibitions, regulation, security.

Effect of Anacardium occidentale Fruit Juice Extract on Haematological Parameters and Spleen of Paracetamol Induced Injury in Albino Rats []


Introduction/Aim:The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a tropical evergreen tree that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The fruit of cashew or cashew apple may be consumed fresh, but contains high quantities of tannins. The aim of this study is to determine spleen protective effect of Anacardium occidentale on paracetamol induced injury in albino rats. Method: A total of thirty rats where used for this work. Group one served as the positive control receiving normal saline. Group two received normal saline, while group 3, 4 and 5 received 10, 20 and 40 ml/kg of the extract respectively. On the eighth (8th) day, animals in groups 2 – 5 received paracetamol 2000mg/kg bw orally. Twenty hours after the last administration, that is on the 9th day, all animals were weighed again and sacrificed under light diethylether vapour. Result: Anacardium occidentale fruit juice extract caused significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of RBC, WBC, PCV, platelet and eosinophils when compared to the organotoxic group. The extract did not improve the level of haemoglobin caused by paracetamol administration. There was significant increase in body weight ratio of spleen of rats Conclusion: Anacardium occidentale can be useful as a tissue and organ protective agents. The fruit may also be useful in improving hematological property in affected cases.

INVESTIGATING THE CORROSION AND MICROBIAL INHIBITING PROPERTIES OF SOME SULPHONAMIDE COMPOUNDS []


The corrosion and microbial growth-inhibiting properties of two sulphonamide compounds, 2-(phenylsulphonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid (A) and 2-(4-Methylphenysulphonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid (B) were investigated. Gravimetric and electrochemical methods of corrosion study were used to keep the corrosion in-hibiting process under surveillance in 1 M KOH. In contrast, the agar well diffusion technique was used to ascertain the biocidal activities of the compounds on four identified microbes; Proteus mirabilis MW016889, Enterobacter hormaechei MW016890, Bacillus sp MW016891 and Thiobacillus sp. The two compounds were found to simultaneously retard the corrosion process and microbial growth. The corrosion inhibiting properties may be attributed to the surface assimilation of the constituents on the corroding metal while the biocidal growth retardation is attributed to the disarray of the sprouting of the vital metabolic activities of the microbes. Quantum chemical computations and molecular dynamics simulations were used to ascertain the computational contributions of the compounds to the anti-corrosion activities. 2-(4-Methylphenysulphonamido)-3-methylbutanoic showed better inhibiting properties, and this may be attributed to its higher atomic mass.

“Effects Of Caffeine Intake On Accommodation And Pupil Among Healthy Adults” []


“Effects Of Caffeine Intake On Accommodation And Pupil Among Healthy Adults” [Rajveer Singh,Mrs.Susmita Banerjee] Author information 1M.S.c Optometry Student ,Bachelor done in dr d y patil institute of optometry and visual sciences-pune, Internship in narayana nethralaya-banglore. 2 Assistant Professor in dr. d y patil institute of optometry and visual sciences-pune . ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effects of caffeine intake on amplitude of accommodation, amplitude of accommodationan pupil size among healthy adults Methods: Two visit randomized placebo-controled cross-sectional study included 50 healthy adults aged 18-30 years who received either 200 mg of caffeine are nothing . Visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation, pupil size, accommodative facility was assess that baseline and 30 minutes. Results: Consumption of caffeine showed an increased effect on in adults. Conclusion: The study showed that the awareness of contact lens care and usage in contact Lens wearers of Bangalore is relatively high

LOW LEVEL LIGHT THERAPY FOR EVAPORATIVE DRY EYE []


AIM: study the effectiveness of low level light therapy for evaporative dry eye and to assess the improvement in meibomian gland function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at Surya Eye Institute and Research Centre, Mulund. The study included 74 eyes of 37 subjects aged 25 years and above attending the ophthalmology outpatient department. All patients selected had a diagnosis of MGD of poor quality of secretion and having symptoms of dryness, foreign body sensation and burning sensation. Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease, contact lens wear, pregnancy, skin treatment within 2 months and history of any ocular trauma and surgeries were excluded from the study. The ophthalmological record included objective ocular tests such as Schirmer’s test and TBUT. RESULT: 74 eyes from 37 subjects were reviewed after 2 sittings of LLLT. A clinical record of 37 treated patients was available for analysis. The average age was 56.03± 15.29 with a range of 25 to 83 years. The majority of patients were females about 70% (26 out of 37). Schirmer's test and TBUT improved significantly from baseline to day 28 (15.38 ± 7.47mm vs. 19.66 ±7.98mm) and (5.72 ± sec vs. 9.14 ± 4.67 sec) respectively. 9 CONCLUSION: LLLT therapies in a single treatment produced significant improvement in tear break up time and schirmer's test with an associated improvement in the patient’s subjective satisfaction after treatment. LLLT could be considered as an effective treatment for evaporative dry eye. More research is needed with more patients and longer follow-up time to assess the long-term outcomes of LLLT treatment. KEYWORDS: Low Level Light therapy, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, Dry Eye Disease, MeCheck machine

THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY AND LEVERAGE ON DIVIDEND POLICY WITH LIQUIDITY AS MODERATION VARIABLE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE []


This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of profitability, investment opportunities and leverage on dividend policy with liquidity as a moderating variable. The data collection technique used purposive sampling. In order to obtain a sample of 40 observations from data on consumer goods manufacturing companies on the IDX. The data analysis technique used moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results show that profitability, investment opportunities, and leverage have an effect on dividend policy. Liquidity can moderate the effect of investment opportunities on dividend policy. Liquidity cannot moderate the effect of profitability and leverage on dividend policy in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector. The implications of this study are expected to be used as material in explaining the research gap of each specified variable and in addition that every investor who will invest his business to buy shares is expected to be used as material for making decisions regarding factors such as: profitability, investment opportunities and leverage. The dividend policy regarding the interaction test then contributes to strengthening signal theory, which in signal theory explains the necessity of delivering signals of success or failure of management on company spending to external parties of the company.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA PACKAGE IN DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN ENGLISH []


ABSTRACT GAMARCHA, RHEYNELY S., Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology (SPAMAST) – College of Agricultural Sciences, Matti, Digos City. March, 2017. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA PACKAGE IN DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN ENGLISH”. Master’s Thesis. Adviser: CINDY B. ROSIL, Ed.D This study determined the level of critical thinking skills of Grade 9 students in English. It likewise identified the effectiveness of technological instructional media package in developing critical thinking of the students. The study involved a total of 88 Grade 9 students in Padada National High School. Data were gathered following the pre-post experimental design. The control group used the learning modules prescribed by the Department of Education while the experimental group utilized the technological instructional media package prepared by the researcher. A 40-item exam constructed by the researcher was administered to the participants to determine their critical thinking skills before and after the intervention period. Pretest results revealed that Grade 9 students in both the Learning Module (LM) group and Technological Instructional Media Package (TIM) group had average or satisfactory skills in critical thinking. The two groups were found to be comparable as there was no significant differences in their pretest mean scores. However, posttest data showed that there was significant difference in the critical thinking mean scores of the two groups. Mean score of students exposed to the technological instructional media package was greater than the scores of students using the learning modules. Similarly, the mean gain scores of the two groups differed significantly. Students exposed to the technological instructional media got a greater mean gain score compared to those in the learning module group. With this, the technological instructional media package was proven effective in developing critical thinking skills among Grade 9 students in English.

Ameliorating Energy-Efficient Architecture for Buildings in Tropical Climates Using Passive Design Strategies: the Context of Nigeria []


Energy efficient architecture strategies are those that aim to improve the indoor environment and the natural environment of buildings by mitigating detrimental effects on the building and its surroundings through passive design strategies. Thus, this research aimed at identifying passive design measures through ardent literature review which can be incorporated to buildings in Nigeria to make them climate responsive. The study analyzed the climatic condition of Nigeria, energy crises, energy practices, energy use per sector, energy sources and the benefits of energy efficient building in Nigeria. It also stated out the roles which Architects and other professionals should play in order to achieve energy-efficient buildings in Nigeria. The findings from this research shows that passive design strategies like proper site planning, building orientation, building shape-cum-form, energy-efficient landscape design, the building envelope, renewable energy source (solar photovoltaic systems/ solar water heating systems) and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems operating together as an interconnected system are all key actors in actualizing energy-efficient buildings in tropical climates while isolating them in the context of Nigeria.

The comparatively Analysis Egypt- Ethiopia foreign policy towards Nile River []


Abstract This paper examine to the comparative analysis of Egypt and Ethiopia foreign policy towards the Nile River. The Nile River has served as the source of tension and mistrust in the two countries‟ relations. It is rightly outlined that “deep distrust, suspicion, misunderstanding and even political and military confrontations have characterized their relations throughout history emperor Tewodros II was called Egyptian are number one enemy for us and Egyptian had been tried to control the Nile after the end of Tewodros II regime but they defeated by Ethiopian at the battle of gura and gundent. Actually Nile is the life of Egypt without Nile Egypt cannot exist or we cannot think about Egypt without Nile. In this case the main parameter of Egypt foreign policy is Nile. Egypt is the most powerful state in the basin; it has achieved a substantial degree of hydraulic, legal and political control over the Nile waters. Egypt is dominating and has a hegemonic power on Nile. Egyptian foreign policy has aimed at protecting its interest on the Nile. Egyptians have focused their policy on the Nile with the object of to halting any moves by upstream Ethiopia to divert or arrest the flow of the Nile. This policy has become more focused and specialized after the emergence of politically economically, and militarily more stronger and dominant Egypt. Egypt dominating the hydro politics of the Nile, Ethiopia has been unable to strike a deal on establishing user right on the river. Egypt has made its preoccupation to obstacle any development efforts on the Nile by Ethiopia. Egypt’s diplomatic and political superiority has also proved effective in blocking any international funding for Ethiopia’s effort in using the resources of the Nile. Key words: Egypt, Ethiopia, foreign policy, hegemonic power and Nile River

Rethinking Wesley's Theology in the 21st Century for a Contemporary Methodism in Africa []


Methodism is a religious movement that goes back to John Wesley in part and to Charles Wesley to some extent. As a consequence of these two brothers who witnessed the early expansion of revitalization against great opposition, the Method-ism and Evangelical Revival developed in 1781-1791 and Methodism became a separate denomination. The profundity of the theological aspect of the mystery of Wesley's doctrinal and Mission-logical way of thought has never been completely recog-nized. A basic assumption here is that profound God personal experiences and formative theological perspectives constantly coexist and shape one another. Wesley recognized and comprehended this. He did not seek an experience of God without a substantive theological framework, nor did he fancy a simpler theological framework that was separate or separable from the aspect of experiencing God. He sought a religious context that conveyed this feeling and developed it. Online Survey method was used in the study to determine the significance of Wesleyan theology in modern African Methodism, the research aimed at theological experts and leaders from diverse African Methodist congregations, the convenience sampling approach was used in the study to choose a sample of 10 respondents from the intended population, the primary data was gathered using online questionnaires, which collected both qualitative and quantitative information from respondents. Secondary data on Wesleyan theology was obtained through the study's use of online publications and books, the material gathered served as the conceptu-al foundation for the significance of Wesleyan theology in modern African Methodism, which validated the findings. The study found startling developments in modern Methodist theology in the rethinking of John Wesley theology, by leading Methodist and Wesleyan theologians, who found his work to be educative, challenging and encouraging in their examination on theolo-gy. Such a comprehensive and intentional discussion by Wesleyan theologians is uncommon in this century, and far rarer in the previous century than is widely assumed. This study tries to incorporate the Wesleyan theology in unifying Methodism in Afri-ca, as well as to examine and resolve many difficulties confronting Methodism in Africa, and to evoke it in awakening spiritu-ality in contemporary African Methodism. Keywords: Methodism, Methodist, John Wesley, Wesleyan Theology, African Methodism

THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 TO THE CHURCH: A GLOBAL PHENOMENON TO NAVIGATE THE CULTURAL DIVIDE []


The spread of COVID-19 across the world compelled many governments to take stringent measures to protect their citizens and prevent the further spread of the disease. The measures saw many organizations and their services halted. The church was one of the institutions that were affected by the pandemic. The church being a pillar of hope could not sit back as the pandem-ic ravaged the world. The church adopted technology such as online services instead of in-person services to reach out to the worshipers and deliver services to the people. This study seeks to interrogate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the church and its contributions in addressing the cultural divide during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study adopted the Online SurveyMonkey platform due to its increased response rate, real-time access and convenience in investigating online accessible population. A sample size of 40 respondents was selected using the convenience sampling technique. Primary data was ob-tained using online surveys while secondary data was obtained from online journals. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and presented using frequency tables and cross-tabulation. Qualitative data obtained was scrutinized and then compared with past data from secondary sources. Findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the halting of in-house worship services, a move that ushered in the use of technology in the church services. Amid the pandemic, the church provided relief food to the poor and the needy donated protective kits to the less fortunate and provided shelter to the homeless. The church championed for economic empowerment of the vulnerable and marginalized groups to support their livelihood during the hard times occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a voice of solidarity and support from all leaders of goodwill across the globe in consolidating skills, expertise and synergies required to overcome the disease. The church called for unity of purpose from all the nations to pray, carry out research, observe COVID-19 preventive protocols and protect others irrespec-tive of their gender, race creed and or cultural diversities. The study recommended the Church to work with the government in addressing the following issues during pandemics; technology enhancement, effective information sharing, promoting global unity and solidarity as well as economic empowerment of vulnerable people in the society. Keywords: Church, pandemic, Navigate, Divide Culture

Ethnomedicinal survey of animals and plants with antihyperglycemic (antidiabetes) and antihypertensive (antihypertension) properties in ogun state. []


ABSTRACT Ethno-medicine is the study or comparison of the traditional medicine with bioactive compounds in plants and animals practiced by various ethnic groups. Estimation of 1.6 million deaths was caused by diabetes before 70 years of age while Hypertension kills around 7.5 million people worldwide every year which was expected to increase in the year 2025. The management of Diabetes and Hypertension are of importance, especially in developing countries. This study, thus aims at documenting the remedy, the parts of plants and animals used, methods of preparation. The target population was the herbs sellers in each 9 selected markets in the three senatorial districts of Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected through direct observation and structured questionnaire. Proportional Stratified Sampling method was applied using 20% of the total numbers of the respondents in each market in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics (ANOVA). This study revealed the plants and animals based remedies adopted by the herbs sellers for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension in Ogun state, Nigeria with their method of preparation, common names and scientific names for easy identification and preparation. The results also revealed that there is significant difference (P < 0.005) in utilization level of animals and plants for the treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension across the locations of the respondents. The result finally revealed the different plant base remedies with their frequently used parts which are; leaf (23% for diabetes, 37% for Hypertension), followed by root (23% for diabetes) and fruit (23% for Hypertension). While for animal products such as; bee honey are common for both ailment with different percentages (50% for High blood pressure and 44% for diabetes). Key words: Ethno-medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension (HBP), Weighted mean (WM), Gross Arithmetic mean (GAM)

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN FIJI []


Diabetes Mellitus leads to death if it is not prevented at the initial phase when seeing signs, symptoms, and pain. Diabetes Mellitus is a health crisis in Fiji today. The aim of this paper is a systematic review of diabetes in Fiji. The research gathered findings from available medical journals, articles, discussion papers, and reports from previous researchers on Diabetes Mellitus and its health effects within the period of 2007 to 2017. The research study uses 54 articles including databases, reports, journals, discussion and research paper, and media link relevant to the study topic. Diabetes mellitus was the number one leading disease in 2007 & 2010. From 2012 to 2017 it was still ranked as the number one NCD disease in Fiji. It was identified that indigenous Fijians iTaukei had higher rates than on non-Fijian population. Males were identified as having higher rates of Diabetes mellitus than females. However females also reported higher rates of Gestational Diabetes mellitus. The review found that Diabetes mellitus was also the cause of poor sedentary lifestyle such as diet, a lack of physical activity and poor nutrition. There was poor management by diabetic patients in controlling there diabetes, an increase in weight, an increase in high Body Mass Index rates, high rates of eye disease, and high rates of amputations. There are numbers of interventions, awareness, and services provisions in Fiji. The National Ministry of Health and its partners in the country are working together in partnerships to promote national wellness and well-being programmes, and reduce premature mortality and morbidity for diabetes mellitus. The partners consist of non-governmental organisations, faith based organisations, civil society organisations, the private sector, other government Ministries, and non-health organisations. The recommendations were made to upscale and improve the healthcare system in Fiji that benefits all Fijians.

Level of Acceptability in the Developed Twister Game in Teaching Araling Panlipunan 8 []


This paper aimed to find out if the Level of acceptability in the developed twister game can use as a learning method in teaching Araling Panlipunan 8 (World History) . It reviewed articles from the year 2013-2021. This paper viewed the focus of using game-based as a learning tool in teaching Araling Panlipunan 8 (World History). This paper revealed that there are high chances that students academic performance will improve if they will use developed twister game as a learning method.

“THE ROLE OF EJOHEZA IN SOLVING CHALLENGES OF AGING POPULATION IN RWANDA” []


ABSTRACT The main objectives of this study were to examine the Roles of EJO HEZA Project in solving the challenges faced by aging population. The study was guided by three objectives such as:To examine the role of Ejo Heza Project in solving the challenges faced by aging population in Rwanda, to identify the benefits of Ejo Heza Project to citizens and to government and to assess the achievements of Ejo Heza Project. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data from 30 respondents’ employees and beneficiaries of Ejo Heza Project from 15 districts by using purposive sampling technique. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS, and the instruments of data collection were questionnaire, interview, and documentary techniques. The results show that perceptions of respondents about the role of Ejo Heza Project in solving the challenges faced by aging population in Rwanda. Their perceptions show that more than 97.5% of respondents confirmed that Ejo Heza gives hope to provide well-being of aging people by giving social security at that age instead of waiting government aids. As conclusion, based to the findings, there are significant advantages of Ejo Heza project as one of the long term saving scheme. Through giving constructive recommendations to both citizens and government Ejo Heza project should continue enlarging the project to all Rwandans by encouraging them to save more as they can so that at their old age they will access to pronounced value of money to cover a large number of the needs (both primary and secondary needs).