Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2021 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON THE CLIMATE AND SURFACE HYDROLOGY OF OBUDU RANCH RESORT, OBANLIKU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA. []


The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, many activities can have adverse environmental effects. The study aimed at identifying the impacts of the development of Obudu cattle ranch as a tourism resort on the biophysical environment of the area. Findings reveal that there has been land and forest loss to urbanization; while agriculture, animal grazing and fuel wood extraction has increase bare rocks. Weather/climate has changed, and there has been threat of species extinction and Eco-system alteration. All pointing to the current developmental strides of the area. Many of these impacts are link with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, cable car, restaurants, shops, golf courses and many others. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy environmental resources on which it depends. However, tourism development has also encouraged conservation activities. It is against this background that the study recommends that for sustainable tourism on the ranch, operators should de-emphasize economic gains but rather guarantee environmental sustainability. The need for local participation in tourism operation was recommended and policy for regulation of tourist activities and the reinvestment of proceeds for local structural/ amenities provision considered necessary.

VEGETATION LOSS AND PROBABLE CONSEQUENCES FROM TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF OBUDU RANCH RESORT, OBANLIKU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA. []


The Obudu Ranch Resort has witnessed change in Weather/Climate and there has been species endangerment and eco-system alteration. All point to the fact that the current development of the Resort. Many of these impacts are link with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, cable car, restaurants, shops, golf courses and many others. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy environmental resources on which it depends. However, tourism and identification of forest loss has encouraged conservation activities. It is against this background that the study recommends that for sustainable tourism on the ranch, operators should de-emphasize economic gains but rather guarantee environmental sustainability. The need for local participation in tourism operation was recommended and policy for regulation of tourist activities and the reinvestment of proceeds for local structural/ amenities provision considered necessary.

TOURISM AS A TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION: HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE OBUDU RANCH RESORT, OBANLIKU LOCAL GOVERNMENT, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA []


The study aimed at identifying the impact of Obudu cattle ranch resort on the biophysical environment. Findings revealed there has been land and forest loss to urbanization; while agriculture, animal grazing and fuel wood extraction has increase bare rocks. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy environmental resources on which it depends. However, tourism has also encouraged conservation activities. It is against this background that the study recommends that for sustainable tourism on the ranch, operators should de-emphasize economic gains but rather guarantee environmental sustainability. The need for local participation in tourism operation was recommended and policy for regulation of tourist activities and the reinvestment of proceeds for local structural/ amenities provision considered necessary.

BUDGET PROCESS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED QUOTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA Budgetary Process and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Compannies in Lagos State. Nigeria []


The study examines the effect of budgetary control on financial performance of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The research design adopted for this study was survey research design. The target population of 1,186 which includes the finance officers, accountants, budget office manager, budget officers and other line managers of manufacturing companies in Lagos State, Nigeria was conducted for this study. The findings revealed that the budgetary process has a positive significant relationship with financial performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria (BP=0.685, t-test = 18.774, p < 0.05). The study concludes that budgetary control enhances the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. It is however recommended that the process of budgetary control should not only consider sector needs in the planning stage but also parameters within implementing organizations in order to facilitate sound financial standing.

MAIN DIMENSIONAL RATIO OF GRANT SHIP KEMENTRIAN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN (KKP) BASED IN SUBANG REGENCY []


The suitability of the main dimensions of the ship is very important in the process of making fishing vessels to produce ships that are in accordance with their designation. A simple parameter that can be used as a reference for shipbuilding is the ratio of the main dimensions. This study aims to calculate the ratio of the main dimensions of the ship to see the characteristics of aid vessels in supporting fishing operations in Subang Regency. The research method used is the case study method. The value of the main dimension ratio of the aid ship based in Subang Regency is in accordance with the comparison value of the main dimension ratio of the ship in Indonesia with the operation method static gear. The value of the L/D ratio obtained shows an indicator of weakness, namely a 6 GT vessel has a weak thrust and a 25 GT vessel has poor stability when operated. To overcome this, the 6 GT ship is equipped with a standard marine engine to overcome the weakness of the ship's thrust so that the ship can go at a good speed, while the weakness of the 25 GT ship is overcome by filling water in the chamber ballast so that the ship remains stable when operated.

African Dramatists As Historians; Dele Chaley's Blood of a Stranger as an Historical Revolutionary Drama []


Revolutions have occoured throughout human history and they vary in terms of duration, methods and motivating ideologies. Their results include major changes in culture, economy and socio-political institutions. This contribution looks into how Africans were colonized by the whites and being assisted in achieving their devilish act by some unscrupulous African leaders. This paper therefore probes into literature to examining the historical connection between Dele Charley’s The Blood of a Stranger and the background of Sierra Leon. It also exposes the deceptive ways of the whites who came to Africa not because they wanted to civilize the people of Africa through education, religions, commerce, etc as they have claimed, but only to make away with their natural endowments such as gold, cocoa, timber, petroleum, etc. as they have done in some part of Sierra Leon with their (Sierra Leoneans’) alluvia diamonds. Content analysis and library research method were adopted in processing the evaluation of the primary text as an historical revolutionary drama against colonialism and neocolonialism. Historical approach to literature; an approach of evaluation by critic in looking beyond literature itself to the broader historical and cultural event that may influence the author’s work serves as the theoretical guild of this paper. The evaluation therefore focuses on the issue of combating colonialism and neo-colonialism as an African historical artifact. This paper concludes by illuminating the selected text and appropriating it as a tool of historical flashback as Dele Charley’s way of bringing past events into commemoration.

Study the effect of adding rubber pieces powder on the flame resistance for unsaturated polyester. []


The flame resistance properties of rubber pieces powder extracted from the waste tires, composites were studied. (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) (Wt. /wt) of added rubber pieces powder with the particular size (≤ 250 μm) where composite with unsaturated polyester and several factor were studied like average of average time of burning(ATB), rate of burning(RB), average extent of burning(AEB) and percentage of the time of burning(PTB). The obtained results showed that the average time of burning initiates strongly impacts with (0%), increasing weight preparation to(189Sec). And then begins to decline their behavior when increasing proportions weighted. While, the composite shows exception behavior at (25 %).

Effect of Cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) on Hematology and Spleen of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats []


Aim/Introduction:The use of plant in treatment of human diseases is as old as man. Medicinal plants are often consumed locally without a graded dose or expected duration of use. Cashew is traditionally used for diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, stomach and intestinal (gastrointestinal) ailments, skin problems, and other conditions. The aim of this study is to determine protective effect of Cashew apple juice, Anacardium occidentale, on gentamicin induced injury on spleen of albino rats. Method: A total of thirty rats (155–210 g) where used for this work. Group one served as the positive control receiving normal saline. Group two received normal saline for eigth days, while group 3, 4 and 5 received 10, 20 and 40 ml/kg of the extract respectively. On the eighth (8th) day, animals in groups 2 – 5 received gentamicin 100 mg/kg bw orally. Twenty hours after the last administration, that is on the 9th day, all animals were weighed again and sacrificed under light diethylether vapour. Result: Anacardium occidentale fruit juice extract caused significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of RBC, PCV, Hb, platelet and monocyte when compared to the gentamicin group. There was no significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of WBC. There was also significant increase (P<0.05) in the body weight ratio of the rat’s spleen. Histopatholgy observations agree with hematology study. Conclusion: Anacardium occidentale has protective tendency on vital body organ. The fruit may also be useful in improving hematological parameters.

Reinforcing Steel Corrosion Potential Probability Evaluation using Electrochemical Hall-Cell Measurement []


ABSTRACT The investigative work examined the use of raphia hookeri exudate/resin, extracted from tree trunk and inhibited it to reinforcing steel, embedded to concrete slab of dimensions as described the test procedures, wholly immersed in an accelerated corrosive media for 360days with routinely checked and tested at 3 months intervals and observed the resulting surface modifications and changes. The corrosion potential maximum yields of the controlled and coated samples were -101.88mV and -116.26mV, which indicates the relationship between corrosion potential and probability as 𝐸corr > −200mV as the reference range. The results of the potential Ecorr results indicate that the values of controlled samples and exudate/resin coated samples are low with a 90% probability that no corrosion of the reinforcement is observed at the time of measurement (10% corrosion risk, 10% or indicates an uncertain corrosion probability For uncoated samples, the maximum calculated value is -345.43 mV, the result is within the reference value of the relationship between corrosion potential and probability of −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicates a high range of values, indicating a corrosion probability of 10% or uncertain. Comparison results from the reference range (controlled) show that the corroded samples exhibited corrosion as a result of the induced corrosion acceleration compared to the coated samples which did not show corrosion attack on reinforcing steel embedded in a concrete slab, exposed to a corrosive environment due to formation resistive layer. The calculated maximum value of the controlled sample concrete resistance is 96.43% compared to the corroded and coated values -40.8% and 73.59% and the maximum controlled difference percentage is 5.38% compared to the corroded and coated value of 1.58% and 4.65%. The results of the controlled and layered concrete resistance samples obtained an average maximum value of 17.14kΩcm and 15.15kΩcm with a description of the value 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to the corrosion value of 8.95kΩcm with specifications 5 <𝜌 <10 (high) and with the reference range of the relationship between concrete resistance and corrosion probability, the corrosion probability was significant (𝜌 < 5, 5 < 𝜌 < 10, 10 < 𝜌 < 20, 𝜌 > 20) for very high, high, low to moderate and low, for possible corrosion. The maximum percentile values calculated from the controlled yield point were 2.06% relative to the corrosion and coating values of -1.9% and 1.79% and potential difference value 0.09% controlled, 0.06% corroded and 0.15% coated. The comparison results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the uncoated (corroded) elements, which interfere with reinforcing steel fibers, ribs, and passive formation and surface modification. Comparatively, the results of corroded samples showed reduction and decreased values in comparison of rebar diameter before and after induced accelerated corrosion test with values reduction percentile range from 0.344% to -1.12% and average ranges values from 11.99mm to 11.93mm. Summarized results showed that the effect of corrosion caused weight reduction/decreased in corroded samples as compared to coated with an exhibition of percentile and average value increase resulting in a volumetric minute increase from coating thicknesses. The investigated study showed the effectiveness and efficiency of exudates/resin as an inhibitory material against corrosion effects on reinforcing steel embedded in concrete slab samples exposed to the induced corrosion.

ENHANCING ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACCESS IN CAMEROON THROUGH SOLAR ELECTRIFICATION []


This paper seeks to address electricity issues (reliability, accessibility and security) in Cameroon by bringing to limelight the potentials and possible meaningful contributions of solar electrification in supplementing and thereby resolving the electricity problems of low access rate and frequent interruptions. In order to achieve this objective, a review of the energy sector (energy balance, energy source, energy situation, electricity access, electricity demand and supply) is reviewed, as well as a review of the solar energy potential, policy, benefits and barriers in Cameroon. In addition, this paper introduces the electricity roadmap of Cameroon to achieve an improved electricity access rate which will pave the way for the country’s emergence by 2035. It is found that the solar electricity sector of Cameroon holds promising possibilities for development and diversification, taking into consideration the country's solar irradiation resource. With adequate policy, standards, regulations, awareness, capacity building in off-grid renewable energy investments in the solar electrification domain, it is possible for Cameroon to meet the future electricity access target rates and ensure meaningful development throughout the country. Keywords: Electricity interruptions, solar electricity, photovoltaic, electricity access, development.

Aldose Reductase Inhibitory and antioxidants Activities of the leaf Extract of Olea europaea []


Plants have played a crucial role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life for thousands of years. The World Health Organization has estimated that 80% of the earth’s inhabitants rely on traditional medicine for their health care needs, and most of this therapy involves the use of plants extracts or their active components. In the current study, we have made an attempt to screen the phytochemical components found in the leaf extract by different solvents of medicinal plant Olea europaea The results of our study indicated that Olea europaea is a promising source of antioxidants showing free radical scavenging activity and aldose reductase inhibitory activities. The bioactivity studies using the plant extracts clearly indicate that some of the potential compounds found in this plant species which may be explored further as lead molecules for human benefits.