Volume 11, Issue 6, June 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Environmental and public health impacts associated with septic tank systems at Nkwaben South in the Sunyani Municipality []


Septic tank systems are widely utilized to dispose of wastewater in in urban, rural and peri-urban areas. When constructed and operated correctly, septic tank systems eliminate several contaminants and provide some protection for human health and the environment. When septic tank system failure occurs, it seeps through subsoil and contaminates groundwater unnoticed and this wreaks environmental and public health havoc. The study assessed environmental and public health impacts associated with septic tank systems at Nkwaben South in the Sunyani Municipality. This study was based on a mixed method research approach. Laboratory analysis of water and soil samples, structured questionnaire, observations and interviews were used. Purposive sampling was adopted to identify houses with septic tank systems and groundwater sources. Snowball technique was used to identify formally and informally trained professionals. Simple random sampling was used to collect sampled water and soil for laboratory analysis. Microsoft Excel 2016 version and SPSS version 23 were used for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that, there was microbial contamination of groundwater due to septic tank systems. Also, the study found significant association between the quality of groundwater (temperature, BOD, and Escherichia coli) and the distance between groundwater and septic tanks (soak away). Again, Nitrate and total coliform were not affected by seasonal variation. The study also revealed that Soil colour, texture, structure, and permeability were found to influence sewage treatment. Again, the study revealed that water table, distance between water table and bottom of septic tanks, topography and distance between septic tank and groundwater, design life span, family size, topography and climatic conditions were very critical factors considered by building professionals during the design of septic tank system. The result of this study is useful to policymakers in policy promulgation and strengthen sensitization of communities on best practices to minimize or eliminate septic tank system failure and their adverse environmental and public health effects.

Tale of LNG and LPG Ships []


Abstract. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) mostly consists of methane but it has little amount of other hydro-carbon. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is heavier than LNG and mainly consists of butane and propane. The materials used in the inner design of LNG tankers can withstand low temperatures and for LNG tankers can withstand either high pressure or low temperatures. LNG carriers have membrane tanks with high vacuum multilayer insulation. The layers of membrane tanks include the primary barrier or metal layer, the insulation layer, a liquid proof layer, and a second insulation layer. Again, most fully pressurized oceangoing LPG carriers are fitted with two or three horizontal, cylindrical or spherical cargo tanks. LPG tankers often can carry some other gases such as ammonia, propylene and vinyl chloride. Gas carriers have certain features common with other tankers used for the carriage of bulk liquids such as oil and chemical tankers.

Tale of Bulk Ship []


Bulk carriers afford an easy and low-priced way to transport bull cargo over long distances around the sea port of the world. The concept of a bulk ship dates back to the 1850s to transport important food grains, ores and minerals. They have helped us to growth of present vast civilization. From the available statistics, more than half of all bulk carriers have registered in Greek, Japanese, or Chinese owners. Again, more than a quarter of bulk ships are registered in panama. This short reviewed article will briefly describe the evolution of the bulk carrier from history including state of designing, building and ending of life of bulk carriers.

THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, WORK MOTIVATION, AND SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL SERVANT (ASN) AT SOUTHEAST SULAWESI REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE MINISTRY OF RELIGION AFFAIRS []


This study aims to test and analyze; The influence of organizational culture, work motivation, and spiritual intelligence on The Performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of Ministry of Religion Affairs; The influence of organizational culture on The Performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of Ministry of Religion Affairs; The effect of work motivation on The Performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of Ministry of Religion Affairs; and The influence of spiritual intelligence on The Performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of Ministry of Religion Affairs. The sample used in this study was 61 civil servants at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion Affairs. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire that was filled out by the respondents. Data were analyzed quantitatively using multivariate regression analysis. The results of the study show that Organizational culture, work motivation, and spiritual intelligence have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion Affairs. Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on The Performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion Affairs. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on The Performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion Affairs.

THE INFLUENCE OF WORK CONFLICT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON WORK MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (Study on Employee Secretariat DPRD East Kolaka Regency) []


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of work conflict on work motivation, examine the influence of organizational culture on work motivation, examine the effect of work conflict on employee performance, examine the influence of organizational culture on employee performance, examine the effect of work motivation on employee performance, examine the effect of work conflict on employee performance is mediated by work motivation, examines the influence of organizational culture on employee performance mediated by work motivation. The study population was civil servants within the scope of the East Kolaka Regency DPRD Secretariat, totaling 61 people, the sampling technique used the saturation technique so that the number of research samples was 61 respondents. Data collection using a questionnaire. The research model is structural.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING, CAREER DEVELOPMENT, WORKING DISCIPLINE, AND REWARD ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT KENDARI CLASS II PORT OFFICE AND PORT AUTHORITY []


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of training, career development, work discipline, and rewards on employee performance at Class II Kendari Port Authority and Harbormaster Office. The determination of the number of samples in this study is to use the census method, namely the number of samples taken from the entire population of 66 employees. As for data analysis techniques in this study using Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: (1) Training, career development, work discipline, and rewards have a positive and significant effect on performance. It means the better the training, career development, work discipline, and rewards then the performance is increasing; (2) Training has a positive and significant effect on performance. It means the better training, the better performance; (3) Career development has a positive and significant effect on performance. It means the better career development, the better performance; (4) Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on performance. It means the better the work discipline, the performance will increase; (5) Reward has a positive and significant effect on performance. It means the better the reward, the performance will increase.

Community Participation and Performance of School feeding Programmes in Rwanda. A Case of Gakenke District []


The study was all about the role of community participation on the performance of school feeding programmes in Rwanda especially in Gakenke District (2019-2021). The aim of the study was to investigate the role of community participation on the performance of school feeding programme in Rwanda, with reference to Gakenke District. Methodology of the study adopted a descriptive research design and analytical research design. Therefore, the total number of populations that was used in this study was 230 committee members from Nine- and Twelve-Years Basic Education in 10 Sectors among 19 Sectors constituting Gakenke District because the accessibility and geographical location. The study adopted stratified random sampling and purposive sampling technique to select 68 respondents as sample size. The data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics in terms of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics in forms of Pearson’s correlation was employed to analyze the data. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS IBM 21.0) was used to determine various coefficients, standard error, and regression equations tests. The community is provided a detailed identification description of the procedures and staff responsibilities about school feedings programmes in Gakenke District confirmed by 94.1% respondents. As for conclusion, the study findings confirmed generally that p-value is 0.000, which is less than standard significance levels of 0.01. The study thus concluded that the community participation in program planning, followed by monitoring and evaluation, and decision making respectively increased the performance of school feeding programmes in terms of children enrollment and attendance such as increase number of registrations and increase number of attendances as well as improved level of children cognitive and reduced dropout rate in terms of improved academic performance and low percentage of students failing to complete studies in Rwanda. Management should ensure that community is understanding the goals and objectives of the program to aid the design and implementation of school feedings programmes in Gakenke District. Keywords: Community Participation, Performance, School Feeding, Rwanda

ELECTRONIC TAX SYSTEM AND TAX COLLECTION EFFICIENCY: A CASE OF RWANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY- NYAGATARE DISTRICT []


The general objective of this study was to assess the influence of electronic tax system on tax collection efficiency in Rwanda. Specific objectives are to assess the influence of electronic tax trainings on tax collection efficiency in Nyagatare District, analyze the influence of tax online services on tax collection efficiency in Nyagatare District and determine the influence of electronic tax regulations framework on tax collection efficiency in Nyagatare District. The researcher employed quantitative method in this study using descriptive case study research design. The population of this study was 124 including staff of Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA), Domestic Taxes Department (DTD) Nyagatare Branch, Rwanda Revenue Authority Sector officers, Rwanda National Police unit, Youth Volunteers, Private Sector Federation (PSF) representatives, Youth Volunteers in charge of enforcement and follow up of EBM usage and Ngali Holdings Staff in charge of taxes in Nyagatare District. The Solvin formula, which gives simpler sample sizes, was used to calculate the sample size. A sample size of 94 is calculated when this calculation method is used. Participants were selected using a stratified sampling technique. The method included taking a representative sample from each stratum of a population that had been divided into subgroups according to one or more criteria. The researchers employed surveys and documentary analysis to compile their results. The researcher employed the statistical approach calculated by Statistical Product and Services Solutions to examine the collected data. In this case, the R square value of 0.615 indicates that approximately 61.5% of the variation in tax collection efficiency can be explained by the three predictor variables: Electronic tax regulations framework, Electronic tax trainings, and online services. The number of predictors is included in the adjusted R square value of 0.602, which accounts for this. It is recommended that the Rwanda Revenue Authority in Nyagatare District should prioritize and continue to invest in electronic tax trainings, particularly in improving worker development and electronic usage skills, as well as decreasing defects, waste, and customer complaints.

STRATEGY FOR STRENGTHENING OF SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS OF PALM SUGAR AGROINDUSTRY IN LEBAK REGENCY []


Agriculture in Indonesia Keep going develop along with increasing amount resident and development technology to improve production results agriculture. The vision for plantation development in the future is to realize plantation development that is efficient, productive and highly competitive for the greatest possible prosperity of the people. Institutional strengthening needs to be done through several efforts, including encouraging and guiding farmers to be able to cooperate in the economic sector in groups, growing farmer groups through increasing assistance facilitation and access to capital, increasing bargaining position, increasing facilitation and coaching to group organizations, and increasing farming efficiency and effectiveness, as well as increasing the capacity of Farmer Human Resources through various assistance activities, and training specifically designed for administrators and members. Efforts to strengthen farmer groups were carried out by Field Agricultural Extension (PPL) and other organizations deemed capable of being involved in strengthening farmer groups. This study aims to examine external and internal factors, examine strategies for strengthening institutional support for the palm sugar agro-industry in Lebak Regency. The research was carried out from February to April 2023 at CV. Sari Aren Mandiri, KUB Mandiri Mandala, Poktan Aren Jaya Kersaratu Village. The research method used in a manner descriptive, IFE and EFE calculations were performed in a manner quantitative with SWOT analysis. Research results show matrix Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) has ability for anticipate existing internal weaknesses, as well matrix Company External Factor Evaluation (EFE). capable for with anticipate threat existing external and with _ utilise Opportunities exist. The results of the SWOT matrix analysis yield four alternative strategies in order of priority, namely 1) Collaboration with third parties 2) Strengthening managerial and human resource management 3) Improving the ability of digitalized human resources 4) Continuous training and development. Strengthening Palm sugar institution endeavored can increase HR capabilities through management organized through trainings good management nor member in a manner continuous. Keywords: Strategy, Internal Environment, Environment External, Reinforcement Institutional, palm sugar agroindustry.

SCHOOL COMMAND SKILLS OF SCHOOL HEADS AND PROFESSIONAL TEACHING PRACTICE OF TEACHERS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between school command skills of school heads AND professional teaching practice of teachers. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Malita North District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on school command skills of school heads and professional teaching practice of teachers were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of school command skills of school heads is high very high, the level of professional teaching practice of teachers is very high, there is a significance on the relationship between school command skills of school and professional teaching practice of teachers. Keywords: School Command Skills of School, Professional Teaching Practice of Teachers, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PREPONDERANT INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL HEADS AND SCHOOL INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between preponderant influence of school heads and school interpersonal dynamics. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Sarangani District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on preponderant influence of school heads and school interpersonal dynamics were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of preponderant influence of school heads dynamics is very high, the level of school interpersonal dynamics is very high, there is a significance on the relationship between preponderant influence of school heads and school interpersonal dynamics. Keywords: Preponderant Influence of School Heads and School Interpersonal Dynamics, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

PROFESSIONAL TEACHING PROFICIENCY OF TEACHERS AND SOFT SKILLS OF STUDENTS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between professional teaching proficiency of teachers and soft skills of students. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Malita North District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on professional teaching proficiency of teachers and soft skills of students were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of professional teaching proficiency of teachers and is very high, the level of soft skills of students is very high, there is a significance on the relationship between professional teaching proficiency of teachers and soft skills of students. Keywords: Professional Teaching Proficiency of Teachers, Soft Skills of Students, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

SENSE OF WORTH AND INTERACTIONAL FITNESS OF LEARNERS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between the sense of worth and the interactional fitness of learners. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive techniques involving teachers in Malita North District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on the sense of worth and interactional fitness of learners were used as sources of data. Using mean and Pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of sense of worth is high, the level of interactional fitness of learners is and high, there is a significance on the relationship between sense of worth and interactional fitness of learners. Keywords: Sense of Worth, Interactional Fitness of Learners, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

SCHOOL OPERATIONAL REGULATION PRACTICE OF SCHOOL HEADS AND ADAPTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between school operational regulation practice of school heads and adaptive instructional competence of teachers. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Sarangani District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the Second Semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on school operational regulation practice of school heads and adaptive instructional competence of teachers were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r, as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of school operational regulation practice of school heads is very high, the level of adaptive instructional competence of teachers is high, there is a significance on the relationship between school operational regulation practice of school heads and adaptive instructional competence of teachers. Keywords: School Operational Regulation Practice of School Heads, Adaptive Instructional Competence of Teachers, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

LEARNING ORGANIZATION DIMENSIONS AND REFLECTION-IN-ACTION PRACTICE OF TEACHERS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between learning organization dimensions and the reflection-in-action practice of teachers. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Malita South District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the Second Semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on learning organization dimensions and reflection-in-action practice of teachers were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of learning organization dimensions is very high, the level of reflection-in-action practice of teachers is high, there is a significance on the relationship between learning organization dimensions and reflection-in-action practice of teachers. Keywords: Learning Organization Dimensions, Reflection-in-Action Practice of Teachers, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

THE EXTENT OF LEARNERS' EXPECTATIONS ON BLENDED LEARNING []


Blended learning is an approach that takes advantage of the best that both the classroom and online learning can provide. This study hopes to help schools improve their understanding of how students view blended learning and formulate a strategy to successfully implement blended learning. To do this, the research model by Tang (2013) was utilized. The conceptualized construct for each of the six learning aspects, i.e., learning flexibility, online learning, study management, technology, online interaction, and classroom learning, was administered to the University of Baguio Science High School's grades 7-12 students of the academic year 2019-2020. This study's main objective is to determine the extent of the learners' expectations of blended learning. The results show that the learners' top three online activities are to search for information, send instant messages, and access learning management systems. According to a decreasing percentage, learners' gadgets include smartphones, netbooks/laptops, desktop computers, and tablets with a subscription to internet access. The extent of the learners' expectations of blended learning and classroom learning are evident, while online interaction and classroom learning are observable. Sex and grade level do not affect the students' expectations of the learning flexibility of blended learning. There is no significant difference between the growth opportunity for blended learning between males and females when it comes to growth opportunity for blended learning. However, grade level varies between eight and twelve, nine and twelve, and eleven and twelve. Lastly, it can be said that the learners' expectations of blended learning can significantly affect the acceptance and implementation of blended learning. In conclusion, all learners are ready for blended learning with their hardware capabilities and internet connections, including their high acceptance of the growth opportunities awaiting them in their subjects with online learning expectations and interaction apart from classroom interaction.

Risk Management Practices and Success of Non-Governmental Projects in Rwanda. A Case of ADP Kageyo World Vision Project. []


The purpose of this research was to examine the role of risk management practices on project success implemented by NGOs in Rwanda. The target population was 590 comprises World Vision workers and stakeholders of ADP Kageyo, as well as volunteers and beneficiaries. A sample size of 238 respondents obtained using Yamane formula was selected through proportional stratified sampling method. The study used questionnaire, interview guide and documentary analysis. The study used a statistical package for social sciences version 26.0. The collected information was analyzed in relation to the study objectives, employing both descriptive statistics (percentage, frequencies, mean and standard deviation and correlation and regression analysis were employed. Findings to the first objective show that 51.9% strongly disagreed with the use of the risk registration strategy, 57.1% strongly agreed that the project used risk scanning. On if risk communication was adequately used, the study felt that 45.1%. The study reveals a significant correlation between risk scanning process and project timeliness (r=0.216, p-value=.001) and risk scanning process and project cost effectiveness (r=0.150, p-value=0.022). Findings to objective two show that 37.8% accepted that risk allocation was proper strategy for project success, 41.2% agreed that risk categorization is suitable for project success, 49.4%, agreed that risk assessment was suitable for project success. The study reiterated that the risk categorization and project quality effectiveness (r=-0.134, p-value= 0.041) was negatively statistically significant since the p value was >0.05. The research established a negatively and significant association between risk assessment and project timeliness (r=-0.118, p-value=0.071). Results to the third objective show that 52.8% confirmed with the utilization of risk checklists, 41.2% strongly agreed with the use of feedback system and 49.8% strongly agreed with the adoption risk monitoring in the process of ensuring project success at ADP Kageyo. However, only risk monitoring was found to be associated with project timeliness (r=0.118, p=-value=0.072). The study recommends to ensure that risk managers have a person to whom they have to report to the dairy life of beneficiaries of the project, who monitor the activities done by project stakeholders, argue that social feedback for promoting higher level of involvement and building confidential interval with the institution. Therefore, ADP world vision Rwanda would establish the leadership cultural practices and proprietorship for everything. Therefore, trusts that further studies would make a comparison of ADP and other funders in Gicumbi District, Further studies should analyze effect of APD in socioeconomic development for local communities. Keywords: Risk Management, Practices, Success, non-Governmental, Projects, Rwanda

Modelling And Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility of Some Major Currencies Relative to the Nigerian Naira Using Some Hetereoscedastic Models []


The modelling and forecasting of exchange rate variability has become extremely important in making financial decisions both to governments and traders as its guides on the risk of holding an asset. A problem of forecasting lies in the use of appropriate methods to fit the time series depending on the nature of the data. Whereas one of the major assumptions of the traditional statistical method such as methods of Box-Jenkins ARIMA models is a constant error variance over time which is known as homoscedasticity. But however this assumption does not usually hold when dealing with financial series as they do exhibit heteroscedasticity. The result of the prediction using the traditional methods may be in-accurate and may not give the appropriate picture of what could be the future events. Therefore, it becomes essential to look for other methods which are more appropriate for forecasts when such data is hetereoscedastic. In this study, we compared the performances of the method of generalized Auto-regressive Conditional heteroscedasticity(GARCH) as modern method of forecasting technique with the traditional Box-Jenkins ARIMA methods and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (EGARCH) Models in modelling and forecasting exchange rate volatility of some major currencies relative to the Nigerian Naira. The best fitting Heteroscedastic model is determined based on the AIC, BIC and HQIC criteria and then evaluate its out-of sample volatility forecasting performance against one another. The GARCH models above in terms of the AIC, BIC and HQIC, GARCH(1,1), is the best for all since their estimated AIC, BIC and HQIC are smaller as compared to other models. Indeed, based on the parameter estimates and the criteria, GARCH(1,1) is chosen as the best model to capture the exchange data

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION IN AN INDUSTRIAL AREA OF IGBESA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA []


The research investigated the natural background radiation of Igbesa community; situated in Ogun State, Nigeria with coordinates 6.5286o N, 3.1353o E. This was achieved using a radiation survey meter (RADEYE G10 - ER) to measure the radiation dose exposure rate in micro sievert per hour (mSv/hr). Values were taken by placing the survey meter 1-meter above the ground level at 40 different points to measure background environmental radiation. The dose rates obtained range from 0.08 to 0.22mSv/hr. The average dose rate was 0.13 mSv/hr with a standard deviation of 0.03 mSv/hr. Technically; the average dose rate of the community obtained in this study is less compared to the recommended level of 1 mSv/annum by the international commission on radiation protection (ICRP) for non–occupational population exposure. Keywords: Dose, Gamma radiation, ICRP, Igbesa, RADEYE G10-ER.

Le « FOS », une ingénierie de formation nécessaire pour positionner le métier du guide touristique au Maroc []


Le métier de guide touristique est reconnu à juste titre comme l'un des plus remarquables et exigeants au monde. Malheureusement, au Maroc, il est souvent relégué au second plan dans le domaine du tourisme culturel, ce qui compromet sa qualité et son impact sur le secteur. Les guides touristiques, confrontés à une évolution constante de leur profession, se retrouvent souvent sans accès à une formation continue adéquate, laissés à eux-mêmes pour exercer leur métier. Cette réalité soulève une problématique majeure qui nécessite une attention urgente : comment améliorer la situation des guides touristiques au Maroc et les positionner en tant qu'acteurs clés du développement durable du secteur touristique ?

SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS []


This study has analyzed bank customers' perception in relation to the service quality factors explaining customer satisfaction. This study has applied descriptive research design using SERVQUAL approach to analyze service quality factors affecting customer satisfaction. A survey was conducted to collect data from bank customers using structural questionnaire in Butwal city. All together 200 questionnaires were distributed to the bank customers and only 160 respondents responses. Result of the study indicates that bank service quality factors affect customer satisfaction. Finally, this paper concludes that bank service quality factors reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness determine the level of customer satisfaction. Tangibility, assurance and empathy are strong and have more explaining power of customer satisfaction in Nepalese commercial banks.

An Investigation into Some Word Stress Placement Errors made by Congolese French Speakers learning English at the University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo []


Abstract This article investigates some word stress placement errors made by Congolese French speakers learning English, more specifically students from the English Department of the University of Lubumbashi, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Based on a sample of data collected through observation, eavesdropping and a pronunciation test backed by an interview, the study is aimed at identifying some recurrent stress placement errors made by students in order to trace back their major sources and suggest remedial strategies likely to help them improve their pronunciation. Findings have revealed that these stress errors find their sources mainly in interlingual interference from French, intralingual interference within English, learners’ reliance on their intuition, lack of theoretical knowledge of basic rules on stress placement, and the context of learning with the teacher considered as the model of pronunciation for learners. Remedial teaching and learning strategies include empowering both teachers and learners with theoretical knowledge on stress placement, practical exercises on syllable identification and division, discriminating stressed syllables from unstressed or weak ones, repetition of the teacher’s model in chorus and individually, stress placement exercises on polysyllabic words, downloading videos with lessons on authentic stress practice by native speakers on You Tube Channel, scaffolding learners’ efforts through having them read aloud sentences containing polysyllabic words in connected speech, and encouraging learners ‘self-continued instruction in language laboratories and from video and audio lessons . Findings have provided some insights for pedagogical implications based on a revisitation of methodologies in the teaching of English with a focus on the integration of pronunciation within other aspects of language like vocabulary, grammar, speaking, reading, and writing. Keywords: investigation- stress placement errors- Congolese French Speakers-learners of English

THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, RISK OF CREDIT, AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY ON PROFITABILITY BPR BAHTERAMAS IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI []


This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure, credit risk, and operational efficiency on the profitability of BPR Bahteramas in Southeast Sulawesi. This research is exploratory quantitative research. The population of this study was all Bahteramas BPRs throughout Southeast Sulawesi, namely 12 Bahteramas BPRs. The type of data in this study is secondary data sourced from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and BPR Bahteramas Reports during the 2017-2021 period. The data analysis method uses panel data regression analysis which is processed using Stata 17. Based on the results of the study it was found that capital structure and credit risk had no significant effect on profitability at BPR Bahteramas in Southeast Sulawesi in terms of each ratio namely Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM). This can be interpreted that the increase in profitability is not affected by the increase in the capital structure and credit risk of BPR Bahteramas. As for operational efficiency, it was found to have a significant positive effect on the profitability of Bahteramas BPRs throughout Southeast Sulawesi, specifically the Return on Assets (ROA) ratio. As for the profitability in terms of Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM), it was found that it was not affected by operational efficiency. This means that the increase that occurred in the aspect of operational expenditure was able to increase the profitability of Bahteramas BPRs throughout Southeast Sulawesi, especially in increasing BPR net profits.

Effect of seed priming on the germination behavior of wheat in salt affected soils in ecological zone of Rahim Yar |Khan []


This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed priming in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in salt effected soils. Soil salinity affects a large arable land of world. Experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of three replications. Following seed primer was used i.e (hydro priming, priming with KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate) with 2% solution, priming with KCL (Potassium Chloride) with 2% solution, priming with CaCl2 (Calcium Chloride) with 1% solution and one plot as control where no priming was done. Priming was done by soaking of required quantity of seeds of wheat variety in tap water and various chemicals’ concentration for 12 hrs in ratio of 1:1 (Kg of seeds/volume of solution) by using wet gunny bags. Results indicate that priming seed significantly increased germination percentage of seed and other yield parameters of wheat variety. The maximum results were obtained when seed primed with KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate) with 2% solution for 12hrs followed by KCL (Potassium Chloride) with 2% solution for 12hrs. The minimum effect was seen when used CaCl2 (Calcium Chloride) with 1% solution for 12hrs. The primed seed gave both faster germination and led to higher germination when under salt stress. We conclude that using priming techniques can effectively enhance the germination seed under saline condition.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 500W WIND GENERATOR USING THIN SHEET METAL TURBINE BLADES []


Generally small wind turbines have a big role to play in rural and remote areas, especially for domestic application in areas where connection to the grid is not available. This paper study the average wind speed available in Kano Nigeria, to design and construct a 500 watts wind generator using thin sheet metal blades, for horizontal-axis wind turbine. The machine is designed to work at 12m height, and therefore the research determines the material selected for the blades, and calculated the required height of the blade to drive the selected DC generator incorporated in the wind generator. The research work also designed the tail vain for direction control, the driving shaft and other components attached to it such as; the shaft key, the hub, the bearings and the gear box. This re-search work is meant to be used on top of the house roofing gutter or wall pillars; it is intended to encourage the use of available renewable energy sources for domestic applications.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Kigali University Teaching Hospital Rwanda []


Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic emergencies, such as Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS), are significant reasons for diabetic patients to seek emergency care. This study aims to retrospectively examine the prevalence of DKA and HHS in Rwanda, along with associated risk factors and treatment outcomes. During the study conducted at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) from 2020 to 2021, 217 patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes were admitted, with 60% being females. Out of these patients, 68.7% were cured, 29.5% died, and the remaining 1.8% were either counter-referred or transferred. HHS was associated with higher mortality compared to DKA. The prevalence of DKA was found to be 36.4%, with an age range of 7 to 92 years and a mean age of 42.78 ± 20.07 years. The prevalence of HHS was 8.3%, with an age range of 2 to 78 years and a mean age of 42.89 ± 22.88 years. Significant risk factors for DKA development included sepsis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), hypertension (HTN), alcohol consumption, and gastric disease. Pneumonia, sepsis, and UTIs were strongly associated with DKA development. Only steroids were found to be associated with HHS development. The average hospital stay for DKA was 15.3 ± 13.44 days, while for HHS, it was 13.39 ± 20.68 days. This study highlights the high prevalence of DKA and HHS among diabetic patients in Rwanda, emphasizing the urgent need for diabetes education, early detection, and prevention strategies for complications. It also calls for subsidized diabetes medications to improve access for those who cannot afford them, similar to the approach taken for communicable diseases like HIV. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dieticians, and physical therapists is essential to enhance diabetes awareness, early detection, and education on complication prevention. These efforts are crucial for improving the management and outcomes of diabetic emergencies in Rwanda. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of DKA and HHS, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies to address the challenges faced by diabetic patients in Rwanda and reduce the burden of diabetic emergencies.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Neonatal Mortality Among Neonates Admitted at Kigeme District Hospital, Rwanda []


Abstract: The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for child survival and it is considered a global public health concern. However, the contributing factors are not well acknowledged. The global neonatal mortality rate is 17 deaths per 1000 live births in 2020 and even Rwanda faces this crisis with a neonatal rate of 18 deaths per 1000 live births in 2022. The method was a cross-sectional study through responding to the questionnaires given prospectively to patients including neonates who were admitted from July 2022 to September 2022. Furthermore, their mothers have been consulted. The sample size was 298 neonates. The analysis of results has been performed in SPSS Version 20.0. The findings revealed that the prevalence of neonatal mortality is 4.4% seen at Kigeme District Hospital within the study period. Variables have been summarized using frequencies for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis. The findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that the factors associated with neonatal mortality rate include the level of education of illiterate mothers (AOR=0.25,95% CI: 0.11-0.53, P=0.037), Occurred birth asphyxia (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.79, P<0.001), maternal gestation about pre- term (AOR=2.53, 95% CI:1.12-5.73, P=0.040), use of herbal medicine (AOR=7.47, 95% CI: 0.22-1.71, P<0.001). The health of the mothers and the neonates should be sustained mainly in delivering periods ensuring the reduction of the patients' and health professionals' delays. This study gave recommendations towards the National level (MOH, RBC), Kigeme District Hospital to strengthen preventive strategies to fight against the increase of neonatal mortality rate in the population besides empowering the workforce as implicating the community in the preventive measures of plummeting the neonatal mortality rate. This study has been a source of information, data, and reference for further studies to get related information. Background: The first twenty-eight (28) days of life as the neonatal time is the most susceptible time for a youngster to be alive. Worldwide, children have the advanced possibility of dying within their first month of life at an average rate of ten (17) deaths per one thousand (1,000) live births. (UNICEF, 2021).The region of sub-Saharan Africa has the highest neonatal mortality of 27 deaths per 1000 live births followed by central and southern Asia which has 23 deaths per 1000 live births with 36% of global newborn deaths (WHO, 2022).(WHO, 2022).Rwanda's neonatal mortality rate changed from 58.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1969 and the Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2019-20, 2021 stated that the neonatal mortality rate was 39 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1992, 44 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000, 37 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2005, 27 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2010, 20 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2014-2015,19 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2019-2020 to 18 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2021 (UNICEF,2023). This diminution in child death rate happened from aggregate crosswise national and localized interventions planned to gain accession to effective care (Gupta, 2018). Despite many attempts, there are still many challenges concerning neonatal well-being whereby the proportion close to 3/4 of neonatal deaths passes off in the 1st seven days of life (Lawn J. E. et al., 2005). Methods:The design of the research makes clear the basic approaches for embracing compulsory information. This study used a cross sectional study. Concerning informations from the population at one explicit point in a period of time. The target population was 1323 with 298 neonates accompanied by their mothers as sample size. It has been conducted using quantitative approach through responding to questionnaires concerning the challenges faced by mothers and neonates causing occasionally new-born bereavements in a community related factors that are variables, they are also found in the international classification of diseases ICD-10. Results: The findings showed that the number of babies who passed away were 13(4.4%) and the healthy babies who survived to live were 285(95.6%). Concerning the maternal age most respondents are between 18 and 35 years old. They were 245 with a percentage of 82.21%, Furthermore, 280 rural resident respondents are more numerous than urban respondents with a percentage of 93.96%. This shows that mothers who are young have little knowledge about factors affecting neonatal death that the community health workers should help them after getting pregnant and the government should continue to improve the promotion of health through teaching the community because they are also illiterate. There are sociodemographic-related factors that are associated with neonatal death as exemplary; level of education with a p-value of 0.04, and gestation with a p-value less than 0.001, they have been found to have a statistically significant correlation between mothers and neonatal death. There is also an effective association between gestation and neonatal mortality rate (AOR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.12-5.73, P=0.04) inferring that the mothers who used pre-term gestation were about 3 times at risk of having new-born death compared to mothers who used a near term gestation. Findings showed an association between neonatal jaundice and neonatal mortality rate (AOR=1.62, 95% CI: 0.45-5.89, P=0.99) implying that neonates with neonatal jaundice were about 2 times more at risk of having neonatal death compared to neonates without neonatal jaundice. Some mothers believe in bad spirits that they can protect their babies or harm them. That is why they used to go to consult local traditional healers for help who used to manipulate herbs mixing with bad spirits and provide their medicines to mothers. So many neonates suffer complications from the herbs consumed as herbal medicines. Conclusion: Based on findings of this research, the prevalence of neonatal mortality rate among neonates admitted in Kigeme district hospital is 4.4%. The related factors found after the bivariate analysis are prematurity, birth asphyxia, history of hygiene, health services and patient delay. Those results will help as a contribution in the provision of recommendations to health establishment at national, regional level for better formulation of new future plans, approaches, policies against the increase of neonatal mortality rate, eventually ensuring their implementation. Keywords: Prevalence and Factors, Neonatal Mortality, Kigeme District Hospital

An Analysis on Vegetables Profitability after Covid-19 Pandemic []


The present study was conducted during 2022-23 with the objectives to estimate the profitability of vegetable production (onion as a case study) before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown and identify the constraints facing vegetable farmers in the studied areas. The research data has been collected from different ways like Harvest Price Survey, Agriculture Marketing Information Service (AMIS) and Farmers Survey telephonically. Economic parameters like net return and BCR were calculated for profitability analysis. Likert type scale was also used to determine the constraints faced by the farmers. Based on published data set (2018-2022) the maximum price rise (180%) was recorded during January month in comparison to minimum price (16.53%) during September. Like before COVID-19 lockdown during 2019-2020 the profit was calculated as PKR 38158/acre which was decreased (-25.47%) with PKR 28441/acre during COVID-19 lockdown. Then after COVID-19 lockdown the profit value was calculated as PKR 31894/acre with 12.14% increase over year period. Based on Likert type scale significant scores the major constraints were recorded as high cost of inputs, pest and diseases attack, perishability of produce, price fluctuation, inadequate credit etc. It was concluded that COVID-19 pandemic had negative effect on the profitability of vegetable production and the economy of the country. An improved supply chain, Global food decentralization, adopting digital technologies for crop monitoring and pest management might be possible measures to counter COVID-19 effects. Keywords COVID-19, Gujranwala, Net returns, Onion, Vegetable profitability

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Rwanda []


Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic emergencies, such as Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS), are significant reasons for diabetic patients to seek emergency care. This study aims to retrospectively examine the prevalence of DKA and HHS in Rwanda, along with associated risk factors and treatment outcomes. During the study conducted at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) from 2020 to 2021, 217 patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes were admitted, with 60% being females. Out of these patients, 68.7% were cured, 29.5% died, and the remaining 1.8% were either counter-referred or transferred. HHS was associated with higher mortality compared to DKA. The prevalence of DKA was found to be 36.4%, with an age range of 7 to 92 years and a mean age of 42.78 ± 20.07 years. The prevalence of HHS was 8.3%, with an age range of 2 to 78 years and a mean age of 42.89 ± 22.88 years. Significant risk factors for DKA development included sepsis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), hypertension (HTN), alcohol consumption, and gastric disease. Pneumonia, sepsis, and UTIs were strongly associated with DKA development. Only steroids were found to be associated with HHS development. The average hospital stay for DKA was 15.3 ± 13.44 days, while for HHS, it was 13.39 ± 20.68 days. This study highlights the high prevalence of DKA and HHS among diabetic patients in Rwanda, emphasizing the urgent need for diabetes education, early detection, and prevention strategies for complications. It also calls for subsidized diabetes medications to improve access for those who cannot afford them, similar to the approach taken for communicable diseases like HIV. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dieticians, and physical therapists is essential to enhance diabetes awareness, early detection, and education on complication prevention. These efforts are crucial for improving the management and outcomes of diabetic emergencies in Rwanda. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of DKA and HHS, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies to address the challenges faced by diabetic patients in Rwanda and reduce the burden of diabetic emergencies.

THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE DISCLOSURE ON EARNINGS QUALITY AND FAIR FINANCIAL REPORTING IN SELECTED OMANI FIRMS. []


Corporate disclosure plays an inevitable role in enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions about a firm. Financial statements serve as the primary source of disclosure for companies. However, many firms tend to selectively disclose information that benefits them while concealing information that could impact their reputation and future prospects. This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate disclosure on earnings quality and fair financial reporting in various listed firms in the Sultanate of Oman. Data were collected from external auditors of several listed companies in Oman using a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques such as correlation, regression, and ANOVA were employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that corporate disclosure significantly influences earnings quality and establishes a statistical relationship with fair financial reporting in the company. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the industry and regulatory bodies, emphasizing the importance of both voluntary and non-voluntary disclosure to enhance earnings quality and foster fair reporting practices.

Impact of climate change risk disclosure on financial reporting in Oman – A study based on investor’s perception []


Climate change risk disclosure is critical for stakeholders to make appropriate decisions about a company, and financial statements are considered a key source of disclosure. Many companies focus on providing certain information while hiding others, which can affect their performance and prospects. This study aims to determine the impact of climate change risk on investors' confidence, transparency in financial reporting and sustainable financial reporting in the Sultanate of Oman. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from investors across Muscat, and the results indicate no significant correlation between climate-related disclosure in financial statements and investor confidence. The correlations between sustainable financial reporting and investor confidence, as well as transparency, reveal that there is no significant correlation between sustainable financial reporting and investor confidence. However, there is a significant correlation between sustainable financial reporting and transparency.

MANAGERIAL SOUNDNESS OF TEACHERS AND SCHOOL NORMS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between managerial soundness of teachers and school norms. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Malita South District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on managerial soundness of teachers and school norms were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of managerial soundness of teachers is high, the level of school norms is high, there is a significance on the relationship between managerial soundness of teachers and school norms. Keywords: Managerial Soundness of Teachers, School Norms, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

INSTRUCTIONAL EXPERTISE OF TEACHERS AND STUDENT SOUNDNESS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between the instructional expertise of teachers and student soundness. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Malita South District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on instructional expertise of teachers and student soundness were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of instructional expertise of teachers is very high, the level of student soundness is very high, there is a significance on the relationship between instructional expertise of teachers and student soundness. Keywords: Instructional Expertise of Teachers, Student Soundness, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines

COGNITIVE AFFECT-REGULATION AND CLASSROOM PROCLIVITY OF TEACHERS []


This study aimed to determine the relationship between cognitive affect-regulation and classroom proclivity of teachers. This study utilized the non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive technique involving teachers in Malita North District of Davao Occidental Division, Philippines. The study was conducted on the second semester of School Year 2022-2023. Research instruments on cognitive affect-regulation and classroom proclivity of teachers were used as source of data. Using mean and pearson-r as statistical tools to treat the data, the study showed the following results: the level of cognitive affect-regulation is high, the level of classroom proclivity of teachers is very high, there is a significance on the relationship between cognitive affect-regulation and classroom proclivity of teachers. Keywords: Cognitive Affect-Regulation, Classroom Proclivity of Teachers, School Administration and Supervision, Quantitative Research, Philippines