Volume 11, Issue 8, August 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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The Impact of the Manager on the Success of the Public vs Private Organisation in the Post-Crisis Phase: a Case Study of COVID-19 in the Arab Sector in Israel []


Leadership is essential for success in today's business environment. Leadership in organisations is the ability to influence and guide a group of people to achieve a common goal. The role of leadership in organisations has become crucial in recent times. This study identified the gap in research and aimed to explore the influence of leadership styles on employee motivation in the post-pandemic period in the context of Arab companies in Israel. In the present study, the researcher adopted a mixed methodological research design. This research design allowed the researcher to conduct both quantitative and qualitative research. For the quantitative research, a sample of 450 was selected in the current study, which was a representation of employees in the Arab sector in Israel. The sample was selected from Arab organisations in order to ensure the representation of Arab leaders in the study. In addition to that, to conduct the qualitative research methodology, a sample of size 60 was selected in order to ensure the representation of managers in the sample. the results suggested that leadership styles have an influence on employee motivation. The researcher concluded that in Arab organisations, most leaders are autocratic in Israel. The results also suggested that leaders that follow a transformational leadership style have no significant impact on employee motivation in the earlier results. Moreover, the thematic analysis also highlighted that the transformational leadership style has a higher impact on the motivation of employees. The findings of the current study also suggested that Covid-19 has affected the leadership styles in organisations. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has presented leadership challenges for Arab organisations across several areas.

The Company Manager as a Leader and His Impact on Company Performance During Crisis: The Case of Corona Crisis in the Arab Sector in Israel []


Learning about leadership provides the researcher with more resources to draw on when the reader faces new problems. Through this research, the readers will be better able to choose, adapt, and alter the strategy depending on the circumstances. If the researcher wants to determine which leadership style suits order to overcome the situation of uncertainty, then the present research has been conducted to accomplish this goal. Hence, study is aimed at to investigate the role of the company manager as a leader and its impact on company performance during a crisis: the case of corona crisis in the Arab society in Israel. For this purpose, 400 participants for the survey and 50 participants for the interview were recruited from the employees working in the different organisations in Israel. For analysis, SPSS, SmartPLS and thematic analysis were used to generate empirical findings and address the research objectives of the study. The findings of the study suggests that COVID-19 has negatively and significantly affected the employees relations, firm excellence but has positively contributed to the firm performance that is a very rare finding requiring more investigation. Meanwhile, the leadership style has been found to have a positive and significant impact on the employees’ relations, firm excellence and firm performance. In addition to, the qualitative findings have also indicated that the manager’s role is critical followed by the role of leadership that affects employee relations, firm excellence and firm performance. The study also provides practical recommendations and future research implications.

The Arab Minority in The Eyes of The Israeli Laws []


Marginalization of certain groups is not solely limited to hostile and intentional acts. Systemic prejudice occurs when selected groups are systemically excluded from social and economic opportunities. This research study aims to comprehensively examine the multifaceted issues surrounding equality and inclusion in Israel, particularly emphasizing understanding marginalized communities' experiences. Arab citizens residing in Israel have long been subjected to discriminatory acts that deprive them of equal opportunities and marginalize their existence. This ongoing discrimination is evident in the divides experienced within the education system and employment, unequal access to housing, unjust laws, and violent attacks targeted explicitly toward Arab citizens (Nagar et al., 2022). The following research questions are used in conducting the research; What are the reasons for the discrimination of the Arab minority in the state of Israel in the mirror of Israeli law? What can be done to improve the Arab minority status in the mirror of Israeli law? And is it time of fitness to make these changes? By employing a qualitative exploration, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of current affairs and identifies key challenges and opportunities for progress. Through extensive data collection and analysis, the study reveals significant disparities in various domains, including education, employment, housing, and healthcare. These disparities disproportionately affect marginalized communities, including ethnic and religious minorities, women, people with disabilities, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these inequalities and promote a more inclusive society.

The Degree of Equality Between Citizens (Jews and others) Before the Law in Israel []


The aim of this research is to explore the degree of equality between citizens (Jews and others) before the law in Israel. Law includes thoughts like freedom, democracy, participation, and empowerment in addition to environmental, social, and economic justice, social equality, and quality of life. Israel legal system of courts operates in a hierarchy, with the Israeli Supreme Court functioning as the highest court of appeal. The Israeli legal system was created to guarantee the fair and impartial execution of the law to all citizens and is based on a combination of common law and civil law principles. To conduct this research, the mixed method approach was used in which questionnaire and interview surveys was used. The results showed that the concept of equality before the law declares that everyone should be subject to the law in the same manner. Everyone deserves to be treated equally within the confines of the law since they all have the same worth in the eyes of the law. The findings of this study have sought to establish an effective understanding on the domains of social justice and equality, through the prime example of Arab minorities residing within Israel.

The impact of leisure activities on the retired Arab elders’ well-being in Israel []


The main purpose of this research is to examine the leisure activities that retired elders of above the age of 65 participate in and their relationship and effects on their well-being. In addition, it is aimed to reveal the sub-dimensions of well-being in terms of leisure participation, leisure satisfaction, quality of life and life satisfaction. The population of the research consists of individuals aged 65 and over living in the Arab sector in Israel. The quantitative sample consisted of 400 participants, while the qualitative sample included 50 participants. The research discovered that the connections between participation in leisure activities, satisfaction with leisure, general life satisfaction, and overall well-being among retired Arab elders in Israel may be influenced by cultural and individual factors. Moreover, the qualitative research has yielded valuable insights into the particular leisure pursuits favoured by this demographic, including social gatherings, domestic duties, and familial visitations.

The Impact of Elderly Services Management on the Well-being of the Arab Elderly Population in Israel []


A growing body of literature has attempted to explore how to improve elderly services management and promote optimal care and support for aging persons. While research has shown the important role of elderly services management on aging populations, little is known regarding the impact of elderly services management on the well-being of the Arab elderly population in Israel. The objective of the current study was to explore the management of elderly services in the Arab sector of Israel impact the well-being of the Arab elderly population. A mixed method research was used to collect relevant data from 385 senior citizens aged 65 years and above who are receiving elderly services support. Surveys were used to collect views of the elderly persons. The data was supplemented using interview responses from 65 service providers and 60 family members. Findings showed that various strategies are used to facilitate the elderly services management in the Arab sector of Israel. The strategies include family involvement, close consultation with family members, regional coordination, close support to meet tailored needs, and awareness creation. Family members were largely optimistic about elderly services management offered their relatives. Care providers were also optimistic about the support they provide to the elderly. However, the elderly felt that some of their needs were not met including urgent access to services during emergencies, difficult locating physical location of service providers, and delays in responses. Even so, participants noted that elderly services management is an essential need for society and the aging population of elderly Arabs in Israel in terms of enhancing their well-being. Potential factors that affect the well-being of the elderly Arab population across the Arab sector of Israel include dwelling conditions, self-rated health, functional ability, economic level, level of social support, loneliness, health services satisfaction, and depression. In future, there is need to research more on how elderly services management could address these challenges to ensure optimal life experience among the aging persons from the Arab sector of Israel.

The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Public Sector Administration: The Readiness of the Local Authorities in the Arab Sector in Israel. []


This research paper investigates the readiness and integration of ICT in local authorities' administrative processes and service delivery. This is an important topic to explore, given the technological stalemate that is currently witnessed in the Israeli Arab localities. This has caused a significant hindrance to the successful fulfillment of public administrative functions in a rather "technologically advanced" country in the Middle East. Essentially, this research aims to review the incorporation of ICT in the Arab sector in relation to the articulation of the same in Jewish localities. To obtain these results, this study explores qualitative and quantitative research designs, interviews, and surveys with stakeholders and teachers in Arab schools. The results from this research will be used to examine the preparedness level of the Arab public sector in harnessing ICT potential. It also assesses the challenges the local authorities face in leveraging Israel's ICT potential by specifically focusing on the level of digital literacy Arab education sector. The data findings indicate a low-to-moderate degree of ICT integration among teachers, highlighting the importance of pedagogical knowledge and attitudes toward change in facilitating successful ICT implementation. Further, the study contributes to the understanding of ICT utilization in public sector administration and provides recommendations for overcoming obstacles and improving ICT practices in the Arab sector of Israel.

The Role of Public Management in Dealing with Crises in the Public Sector in Israel []


Effective public management is the most critical prerequisite for an organization amid a crisis. By providing answers to the research questions, this study gave Israel's public managers the knowledge they needed to be effective crisis leaders. The study demonstrated how each essential leadership characteristic influences how effectively the public sector in Israel manages crises by employing the SEM statistical analysis method. This study builds on prior research on how to manage crises in the public sector and how to provide perceived effective public management leadership during a crisis. Although previous studies investigated collaboration in crisis management, they did not concentrate on leadership in crisis management in the public sector. This study is anticipated to shed further light on how to network and collaborative leadership theories are applied to crisis management in Israel's public sector.

How do Arab higher education students perceive the impact of educational leadership on their academic achievements and skills? []


The aim of this study is to explore the Impact of educational leadership on students; academic achievements and skills in the Arab sector in Israel. the principal's function as a leader in the school has been the subject of an investigation by several researchers. Principals and vice principals who excel at their jobs combine their managerial expertise with their passion for education so that they may focus on their particular areas of competence while also supporting the teachers in their classrooms. For this research, mixed method research was used. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that principals need persuasive interpersonal skills to work with faculty, students, community members, and parents to get ongoing feedback, pinpoint improvement areas, and spot innovation opportunities. Israel may have progressed to a certain point in implementing this component, but there is still an urgent need to provide high-quality education. Student performance improves when a principal and teacher have a good rapport. Furthermore, the growth of mutual respect and trust leads to increased student achievement, less teacher fatigue, increased cooperation, open professional relationships, and participation in the organisation and school improvement initiatives.

How do Higher Education Students in the English Language departments perceive the impact of integrating drama and theater skills in EFL education? []


The purpose of this mixed-method study was to investigate the impact of integrating drama and theatre skills in EFL education on the motivation and language skills among Higher Education Students in the English language departments in Israel. Mixed-method research was used to investigate the identified problem with data being collected from Higher Education Students in the English Language departments using survey questionnaires, interview questions, examination tests, and classroom observations. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 53 students and 312 Higher Education Students in the English Language departments. Survey results and interview findings showed that integrating drama and theatre skills in EFL education improves the acquisition of relevant new terms and words of the target language among students. The students who received instructions through drama and theater showed improved acquisition of new word morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and phonology. Also, students who participated in the experimental group showed improved pronunciations of words, phrases, and terms better than learners who do not receive instruction via drama and theater. Further, integrating drama and theatre skills in EFL education improves the acquisition of new contextualized vocabulary and word structure. students who received instruction through drama and theater techniques showed significantly better performance in vocabulary than their peers who did not receive instruction via drama and theater techniques. Findings of this intervention study also showed that the integration of drama and theatre skills in EFL education contributes to improved confidence among learners and motivates them largely when learning the target language. Integrating drama and theatre skills allowed students to develop their imagination resulting in improved development of their social skills, emotional engagement, creative skills, communication proficiency, and enhanced problem-solving skills. Findings from the surveys, interviews, and classroom observations also showed that students showed improved ability to process information, identify specific language issues like words, pronunciation, spelling, and sentence construction. Finally, drama and theatre integration in EFL education contributed to the advancement of skills in cooperation and social awareness and understanding among students. In conclusion, the integration of drama and theater in EFL education contributes to significant improvement in student motivation and English language acquisition.

The Role of Public Policy and Administration in Decreasing Crime Rate in the Arab Sector in Israel []


The study examines the role of public policy and administration in decreasing the crime rate in the Arab sectors of Israel. The research questions and hypothesis are outlined, with a focus on the limited institutional arrangements for maintaining peace and order, negative citizen perceptions of safety, and challenges impeding safety provision. A mixed-methods study is proposed to gather data through self-report surveys and in-depth interviews. The study reveals challenges faced by the sector, such as inadequate coordination between government agencies and limited community involvement in safety efforts. It emphasizes the importance of community-institutional cooperation, informal crime prevention strategies, and systemic changes in addressing the root causes of crime. Overall, the study underscores the need for improved institutional arrangements, community-institutional cooperation, investment in effective crime prevention methods, and addressing the root causes of crime to ensure a safer and more secure environment for residents in the Arab sectors of Israel.

The Impact of the Integration of Nonformal Education in Formal Education on the Self-Esteem, the Social Engagement, and the Motivation for Learning among Arab Students at Higher Education Institutions in Israel. []


" In the modern age that we live in with all the vast technological development and the changes in the people life style, the regular formal education is not enough to answer the needs of the new generation. Therefore, we can find the answer in the integration of the non-formal education within the formal education (Allaste, et. Al, 2021). In order to examine the impact of this integration, the researcher decided to ask the “experts”, and in this case the Arab students in the higher education institutions, who are learning for the bachelor degree. These students who are now the adult of today, were the children and the teenager of the past, they have experienced the involvement in the non-formal education activities, and now they are aware enough of the consequences and the impact of these activities on them. Therefore, the research question is “The impact of the integration of nonformal education in formal education on the self-esteem, the social engagement, and the motivation for learning among Arab students at higher education institutions in Israel.” In order to answer this question, the researcher has chosen to use the quantitative method, she has distributed a questionnaire for 400 Arab students in the high education institution in Israel. The main conclusion that can be implemented, is that a suitable program for the integration of non-formal education within the formal education special for the Arab sector is very important in order to help Arab students benefit from the non-formal education, the effect of this program will go far beyond the education system, and play a key role in developing civic society, promoting development and democracy, and strengthening the nation building process."

The Impact of Economic and Financial Crises on Human Resources Management in Public Organisations in Israel []


The association between the human resources management and crises has been studied for a long-period of time. However, understanding the effects of financial and economic crises on human resource management in Israel is important as there is very limited literature explore the effect of crises on public sector organisations particularly in case of Israel. Therefore, this study was designed and aimed at to determine impact of economic and financial crises on the human resources management in private and public organisations in case of Israel. The data was collected through primary data collection method, where survey and interviews were conducted from 400 employees and 50 employees from public and private organisations in Israel respectively. For quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, KMO Bartlett’s test and factor loadings followed by variance inflation factors are used as statistical techniques. Meanwhile, for the qualitative analysis thematic analysis technique has been adopted for the study. The findings of the study suggests that there is negative and significant impact of economic crises on human resources management (HRM) but economic crises is found to have a positive and significant impact on the human resources management. The findings also revealed that government support plays a crucial role during economic crises and financial crises for the private and public organisations.

The Influence of Leadership Style on the Modern Organization's Profitability in the Arab Sector of Israel []


This research study aims to identify the role of the influence of Leadership style on the modern organization's profitability in the Arab sector of Israel. Leadership styles contribute to the success of organizations within the Arab sector of Israel. These styles include transformational, visionary, situational, servant, and authentic leadership, each of which has unique characteristics and impacts on employee motivation, engagement, and overall organizational performance. For this research, the mixed method approach was used to identify the phenomenon. The results explained that the participants also emphasized the importance of adapting and evolving their leadership styles over time to meet the changing needs and expectations of their teams and organizations. The participants' responses disclose a diverse range of perspectives on future-oriented leadership and management. There are key elements include embracing change, fostering innovation, cultivating a growth mindset, building resilience and agility, aligning organizational values and purpose, and prioritizing sustainability and social responsibility. These insights underscore the importance of anticipating and adapting to evolving business environments to ensure long-term success. the negative impact of ineffective leadership and management styles that are implemented by the leaders/managers of an organization. The impact can closely be witnessed in terms of the employees, as well as the stakeholders of an organization facing setbacks in the form of decreased profits and interest, lack of motivation, as well as an increase in the general rate of turnover with which the organization manages to weaken itself. The theme portrays examples of cultural and generational differences, which is embedded within the style of leadership/management, can embody the case of ineffective diversity policy of that organization.

The Role of the Kindergarten Teacher in Shaping the Next Generation: The Case of Arab Students in Higher Education Institutions in Israel. []


Kindergarten education is important in the development of children and could determine future success and failure. However, education in the Arab sector in Israel suffers from many challenges that could have devastating effects on the quality of education and academic achievement among kindergarten children. The study focused on kindergarten management in the Arab sector by assessing how empowering of the Arab kindergarten managers influence the academic success of the next generation in the Arab sector in Israel. This research utilized mixed methods that involved qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study involved a total of 400 Arab students from in higher education institutions. Those who took part in the quantitative study were 400 while 50 were interviewed. The study showed that kindergarten management in the Arab sector should take into consideration the family-related factors, and sociocultural factors to ensure effective management of kindergartens. It was also noted that kindergartens in the Arab sector face the challenge of irrelevant official educational curriculum, poorly equipped teachers, inadequate infrastructure and government support.

The Impact of the Local Climate on the level of Violence at School Among Youth in the Arab sector in Israel. []


This dissertation examined the impact of the local climate on the level of violence at school among youth in the Arab sector in Israel. Given the lack of research on this topic, the current study sought to fill this gap in the literature. The study used a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data was collected through a survey of Arab youth in Israel. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews with a small sub-sample of the survey participants. The study sought to answer the following question: What factors are associated with increased levels of violence at school among Arab youth living in Israel? The findings of the study will provide policymakers and educators with useful information about the nature and extent of violence among Arab youth, which may help to identify and address risk factors. By understanding the factors that contribute to violence at school among Arab youth, policymakers and educators can better target interventions that will have the most impact. For example, interventions that address socio-economic factors may be more successful in reducing violence if they are implemented in a community where violence is prevalent. In addition, programs designed to reduce violence at school may be more effective if they are tailored specifically to the needs of Arab youth. The results of the study suggest that the local climate has a significant impact on the level of violence at school among youth in the Arab sector of Israel. Specifically, the study found that higher temperatures and humidity levels are associated with an increase in the frequency and severity of violent incidents. The study also found that students who live in areas with a higher prevalence of violence are more likely to engage in violent behavior themselves. There are a number of potential interventions that could be used to improve the situation for Arab youth in Israel. For example, providing access to mental health services and counseling could help address the psychological factors that contribute to violent behavior among some students. Another potential intervention is to improve the quality of education in the Arab sector of Israel, which has historically been underfunded and understaffed. Addressing issues such as overcrowding, a lack of resources, and inadequate teacher training could go a long way in improving the overall educational experience for Arab youth, and may also help reduce incidents of violence at school.

The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Public Sector Administration in Israel []


For governments, particularly those in developing countries, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has become an indispensable tool for meeting the problems of providing basic services to their population. However, many of the world's poorest and fastest-growing nations lack a robust information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure. This is especially true in the Arab sector of Israel, where resource constraints prevent the government from carrying out its programs in full, lowering the continent's responsiveness and competitiveness and reducing the pace of socioeconomic transition. This research examined the Ministry of Communications and its stakeholders to get insight into the implementation and effects of ICT in the government. Methods of collecting secondary data included using books, journals, internet sources, and official publications in addition to primary data gathering techniques included studying paperwork from government agencies and industry entities. The research found that using ICT and e-government apps in government organizations has greatly boosted day-to-day governance operations. Because of this, many government operations have become more streamlined, open, and productive.

Multilingualism and Mathematics Achievements: the perspective of Arab Students in Higher Education in Israel. []


The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact that students' cultural and linguistic origins have on the mathematics education and learning that they receive. Analyses of the experiences of multilingual Arab students in Higher Education in Israel education were carried out using interviews with a semi-structured format and observations. The findings led to the development of math programmes and techniques for multilingual students, with a focus on enhancing linguistic support. These programmes and strategies were developed as a direct result of the findings. The findings of this study emphasise how critical it is to identify and respond to the impact that linguistic diversity has on academic performance. In addition, the study highlights the significance of culture and language in the process of teaching and learning mathematics, and it suggests that real-life examples and analogies be presented to students in their native languages in order to improve their level of comprehension. The findings of this study highlight the need for additional research into the factors that affect academic achievement as well as the creation of effective interventions for kids who speak several languages.

The Arab Minority in Israel between the Absence of a Written Constitution and the Enforcement of the International Law. []


" Since the foundation of the state of Israel in 1948, there has been contention in the scholar and practitioner literature concerning the well-being of Arab minorities. One of the common concerns is how minority rights and protected and guaranteed in Israel in light of the absence of a written constitution and whether enforcement of international law is implemented in Israel. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the absences on a written constitution and the enforcement of international law on the Arab minorities in Israel. To explore this objective, three sub-questions were formulated. To answer these research questions, mixed-method research was adopted where data was collected quantitatively using survey questions, and qualitatively using interview sessions, and focus group discussions. In the first part, which was a preliminary study, relevant data were collected from 30 participants (who included lawyers, teachers, judges, a member of the Knesset, scholars, and regular people) using both interviews and focus group sessions. In the second part of the study, data were collected from 200 participants who included lawyers, teachers, judges, scholars, and regular people from the Arab minority groups in Israel. Results obtained from the interview sessions, focus-group discussions, and survey questionnaires all reveal three main issues. First, Israel lacks a written constitution because of several factors that can be summarized into historical, political, social and cultural contexts. Second, the absence of a written constitution in Israel has diverse negative impacts on the well-being of the Arab minorities in Israel in terms of exacerbating violations of their basic rights. Third, results revealed that the scope of international law, especially when considering human rights, is limited in its enforcement in Israel. In conclusion, the lack of a written constitution in Israel largely disadvantages Arab minorities in accessing their basic rights, while the enforcement of international law to Israel largely remains ineffective. "

Abused children: Psychotherapist from Behind the Screen: The case study of Incest in the Arab sector in Israel []


We know that child sexual abuse (CSA) and incest does not occur in isolation, but often in conjunction with emotional and physical abuse, neglect, and domestic violence within the family (Tener, et al., 2021). The more types of child maltreatment experienced, the greater the negative impact on abused children mental health. The family situation greatly affects the mother's ability to respond positively toward the disclosure of CSA. A recent cluster analysis of 35 psychotherapists from behind the screen in Israel in dealing with incest in the Arab sector has been discussed in this study. This study used a qualitative methodology based on interviews with 35 psychotherapists who work from behind the screen with sexually abused children based on the case study of incest in the Arab region. Interviews were utilized to gather qualitative information regarding the abuse in the Arab sector in Israel. These abused Arab youngsters had undergone counselling and psychological treatment before the interviews. The last themes that emerged were: characteristics of the therapist that support behind the screen therapeutic connection, narrative therapy, turning points, and counsel for therapists working with abused children in the Arab sector in Israel. The factor that affected the participants the most was confidence in the therapeutic alliance based on precise boundaries between the therapist and the abused child presented themes offered helpful therapeutic ideas and tactics that aided in speeding up the healing process.

How do Arab Adults Who Dropped out of School Perceive the Impact of the Status Quo of the Education System in the Arab Sector on their Dropping out Experience? []


The main purpose of current study was to examine different perspectives for reasons to drop out as seen Arab adults who dropped out of school in the Arab sector at Israel. A mixed-method approach was used in this study to answer the research questions and hypotheses. The main findings of the study were, that cultural and linguistic barriers can have a detrimental effect on the academic experiences of Arab students in Israel and perhaps contribute to a deficiency of motivation and disengagement in the classroom.