Volume 11, Issue 8, August 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Collaborative Electronic Supervision system []


ABSTRACT Collaborative electronic supervision system is a software solution, designed to address challenges in managing final year student projects in higher education institutions. Traditional methods of project supervision face issues such as inefficient allocation of supervisors, difficulty in scheduling meetings, limited access to resources, inadequate communication tools and inability of existing software to integrate most required features into one system. This paper proposes an integrated web-based system using the Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM) to streamline project management. The system employs a hierarchical structure involving admins, coordinators, supervisors, and students. It enables students to create personalized dashboards for managing project-related activities, facilitates communication and collaboration between stakeholders, and offers features like progress tracking, peer reviews, and centralized document storage. The system's advantages include reduced stress and time consumption, remote work capabilities, improved documentation, reduced recycling of topics, and efficient report generation. By centralizing information and providing interactive tools, the system enhances the overall management of student projects. It supports personalized supervision, early intervention, and fosters a sense of community among stakeholders, ultimately contributing to improved educational outcomes and the holistic development of students. Keywords: collaboration, electronic, project, repository, supervision, software, web-base

A COMPETENCE ANALYSIS IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE FOOD CROPS AND LIVESTOCK SERVICES SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE []


This study aims to determine and analyze (1) the competence of employees at the Food Crops and Livestock Service Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province; (2) Employee performance at the Food Crops and Livestock Service Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province; and (3) Competency in improving employee performance at the Food Crops and Livestock Services Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The informants in this study were five people. The analysis tool used is the Analysis Interactive Model from Miles and Huberman, which divides the steps in data analysis activities into several parts, namely data collection, data reduction, data display, and data withdrawal. Conclusions or verification (conclusions). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that (1) the competence of employees at the Food Crops and Livestock Service Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province is good, which is assessed in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, which are good and able to improve employee performance; (2) The performance of employees at the Department of Food Crops and Livestock of the Province of Southeast Sulawesi which is assessed from the quality, quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and attendance is good; and (3) the competence of employees in improving the performance of employees of the Food Crops and Livestock Service Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province is good. Increasing employee competence through knowledge, skills, and attitudes can also be improved through training and education.

Development and Underdevelopment in Africa: Explored and Unexplored Issues []


The paper examines development and under development in Africa with particular reference to exogenous and endogenous factors as explored and unexplored issues in the continent underdevelopment. The study employs basically secondary sources of data collection where the concepts of ‘development’ and “underdevelopment as well as theoretical framework are anchored.” Also, under development and dependency theories are employed as the yardstick for data collection and interpretation. Findings of the study reveal that even though exogenous factors as advanced by the dependency scholars are useful in understanding Africa’s under development, endogenous factors such as corruption, bad leadership, tribalism among others provides a more preponderate explication of the continent developmental regression. This is exemplified in the case of Singapore, and Hong Kong that underwent the same colonial process but have been able to move upward the development ladder via good leadership, good governance, visionary leaders, etc. The paper concludes that in view of the multifarious endogenous factors contributing to Africa’ backwardness, blaming Western Europe is out of fashion and hence the emergence of a paradigm shift to how Africans underdeveloped Africa. A key recommendation of this paper is that African should build and strengthen institution to counter all forms of corruption at all levels. This is possible through visionary leadership, good governance, as proven in Singapore, Hongkong, Malaysia and others

UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES OF THE NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM OUTCOMES OF THE PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN REGION XII []


This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the new general curriculum among Private Higher Education Institution in Region XII. It used a descriptive-predictive research design, with 100 respondents such as President, Vice President on Academic Affairs, Dean, and General Education staff. The researcher adapted research instruments both for the new general education curriculum and general education outcome. The Mean, Pearsons R, and Regression were used to treat the gathered data. The results revealed that the new general education level was highly implemented in instructional materials management, curriculum development, faculty qualification, training and development, and personality attributes. It was also revealed that general education was very satisfactorily achieved in terms of intellectual competencies, personal and civic responsibilities, and practical skills. Lastly, it is concluded that only instructional materials management, faculty qualification, and personal attributes significantly influence general education outcome; other domains of the new education curriculum did not influence general education outcome. The study serves as the basis for filling the gaps of the K12 Implementation in the Philippines. Keywords: education, new education curriculum, general education outcome, K12 implementation, Philippines

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND FARMING CO-OPERATIVES IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN PROVINCES OF ZAMBIA, 1952-2015 []


The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the comparative analysis of agricultural policies on the farming co-operatives in Eastern and Southern Province of Zambia 1952-2015. The study was guided by three objectives: 1, to assess factors influencing formation of co-operatives in colonial Zambia: 2; to analyse the performance of co-operative’s in Eastern and Southern Province between, 1952-2015; 3, to compare responses of peasant farmers to changing government agricultural policies on the farming co-operatives in Eastern and Southern Provinces. A review of literature has proved that in as much as indigenous African had an inherent mechanism of working together, major strides towards the formation of co-operatives in Africa were a top down approach from the colonial government. The study used a survey research design. This researcher used a survey because this is a fact-finding study. The researcher used the survey to gather data directly from respondents during the research. Stratified and purposive sampling method was used to identify the individuals who participated in the study. Data was also collected from the National Achieves of Zambia (NAZ) were tour reports, native reports, letters, district reports and provincial Annual Reports were consulted. Other sources includes, Ministry of Agriculture, Depart of Agriculture and Co-operatives and the University of Zambia Library, special collection. Data was collected using oral interviews and document analysis guide and observation schedule was also done. The thesis attempts to trace the development of farming co-operatives in Eastern and Southern provinces of Northern Rhodesia. Agricultural policies were compared and analysed leading to the formation and development of farming co-operatives in Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia between 1952 and 2015. From this period, the co-operative societies in Eastern and Southern Province faced a number of successes and challenges. This in part can be attributed to the different agricultural co-operative policies brought about by the different governments. As was discussed, each theme, each government had a diverse perception on agriculture co-operatives and their policies towards the same. The study has revealed that the farming co-operatives societies in Eastern and Southern Provinces had similar operations and played a crucial part in financing members of co-operatives in the period between 1952 and 2015. The results of the study showed that farming co-operative societies had a significant impact on the empowerment of their members and hence affected standards of living of the peasant farmers especially in areas of trade, marketing and financial support. This consequently contributing to the development and transformation of rural areas. The study revealed that most of the co-operatives which were formed between 1992-2015 had problems because members were just interested in accessing government resources through programmes such as FISP, E-voucher, youth empowerment and Livestock programmes. This has been cited as one of the contributing factors that has adversely affected the life of such co-operatives in Zambia. The study finally, established that the major hindrance for co-operative development presently was that those formed between 2002 to 2015, were season in operation and just interested in accessing government resources through programs such as FISP and E-voucher. The study has consequently suggest that government should tighten policies and conditions for assessing such facilities so that farming co-operatives can develop.

IMPROVING INDOOR AIR QUALITY WITHIN MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY APPROACH []


The emission of pollutants during the process of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is of great concern due to its hazardous effect on the quality of life of both workers in the facility and immediate surroundings. Therefore, the aim of this study is to address indoor air quality and odor control as crucial elements for the design of a sustainable solid waste management facility. Case study have been adopted as study of research methodology for the solid waste management facility. A modern segregated waste treatment plant, adjured to be compliant with regulations requirements regarding indoor air quality was taken as a case study. Indoor pollutants concentration was analyzed from their emission sources, and analyzed for odour and also their health effects. The influence of ventilation system in air quality is also addressed. As a result identifying pollutant of concern, controlling it at its source, and influence of building materials are ways to improve indoor air management. Key-Words: - Indoor Air Quality, Source control, Waste management facility, Ventilation

APPRAISAL OF NEWSPAPER EDITORIAL READERSHIP AMONG RUFUS GIWA POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS []


The research is an appraisal of newspaper editorial readership among Rufus Giwa Polytechnic students. It was borne out of the need to know whether the student have interest in editorial reading. The study review extensively related authorities and adopted the selectively theory as its theoretical framework. The researcher employed survey as research design with questionnaire as research instrument and random sampling technique. Findings reveal that rational for editorial readership could be tied to its placement and treatment and that the reasons for reading editorials are to get information/ education. The study recommends among others the need to incorporate newspaper editorial readership into the students’ academic pursuit because of its comparative advantages. Key words: Editorial, Readership, Survey, Newspapers, Students

THE ASSESSMENT OF TELEVISION AS TOOLS FOR NATIONAL ORIENTATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN ONDO STATE (A STUDY OF NIGERIA NTA “AM EXPRESS BREAKFAST PROGRAMMES”) []


The objective of this paper is to determine the public assessment of television as a tools for national orientation and social integration in the Yoruba speaking communities of Ondo State. A study of Nigeria Television”. The paper investigates how television broadcast can be used to promote national orientation and social integration in line with the various functions of the broadcast media. It gauges the views of the people on the role of NTA’s “AM EXPRESS” and how to proffer solution to socio-political, and cultural disintegration that tend to tear the nation apart, with a particular reference to the Yoruba speaking communities of Ondo State. Opinions of respondents have been carefully observed and analyzed. One can say categorically that ninety percent (90%) of the people believe that television is a tool to enhance national orientation and social integration. However, the data analysis from survey method, which ensures the use of questionnaire to elicit responses from respondents, show that the level of national orientation and social integration for development in Ondo State is not satisfactory. Therefore, the researcher recommends more adequate efforts (are needed) by NTA on “Am Express” programmes, for sustainability, promotion of national orientation and social integration. It is hoped that the little contribution of this paper will act to ginger further a more, critical and analytical finding of then studied. Key words: Television, National Orientation, Social Integration.

PROPHET GARRICK BRAIDE: A MISSIOLOGICAL IMPETUS OF THE ‘FALLEN GRAIN’ TO THE RISE OF PENTECOSTALISM AND INDIGENOUS CHURCHES IN AFRICA []


This paper examined the missiological impetus of the “Fallen Grain” metaphor to the beginning of Pentecostalism and African Indigenous Churches (AICs) using the life and ministry of Prophet Garrick Sokary Braide as a case. A qualitative method with historical, analytical and descriptive approaches was used. The paper narrated a brief historical background of Garrick Sokary Braide and presented missiological analysis of the Fallen Grain analogy. Further, it also discussed the nexus between Pentecostalism and the African Indigenous Churches and thereafter, it highlighted some of the contributions of Garrick Braid to the rise and development of the AICs. While the Fallen Grain metaphor emphasizes death of a lone seed to precede the birthing of numerous whole grains with life, the circumstances that surrounded the early age death of Sokari Braide suggests an analogy to the “Fallen Grain” metaphor given by Jesus in John 12:24. Some of the contributions of Garrick Braide to Pentecostalism and AICs include prayer and fasting, preaching and teaching, worship and witnessing, and gender inclusion and women elevation

CHRISTIAN ETHICAL RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY []


Violence in itself is bad and may be worse when it occurs within the family system among loved ones or people who are biologically related. This paper investigated domestic violence in the contemporary society and Christian ethical response to curbing it using Nigeria as a case. The paper adopted a descriptive method by presenting an overview of domestic violence with reviews of media reports and available statistical data from previous researches by government and non-government organizations. Thereafter, the paper enumerated various forms of domestic violence or abuse as including; physical, spiritual, emotional and economic abuses. Causes of domestic violence were identified as having internal and external factors. While some internal factors are family background and personality traits, external factors include cultural beliefs and social influences. Effects of domestic violence can be physical injury, psychological distress, social injustices and economic deprivations. Investigations into biblical view on domestic violence revealed that domestic violence is a menace which is not expected to thrive among people or in any society. Christian ethical response to domestic violence were identified to include creating general awareness against the act, providing Christian education emphases and enlightenement programs, effective pastoral care and counseling programs for the victims and families and positive contributions of the media to curbing the menace.Keywords: Domestic Violence, Abuse, Christian, Ethical Response,

GSM signal performance using developed field instrument []


GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile network that is widely used globally by mobile phone users. The GSM communication protocols used in Base Transceiver Station (BTS) could be harmful to human being and other life forms. It is essential to monitor power radiation levels from time to time of BTS for these systems could emit radiation beyond safety threshold. Cellular network Base Transceiver Station (BTS) antennas are expected to operate without adverse health effects, they must comply with Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards as well as safety guidelines relating to exposure of non-ionizing radiation. To understand the behavioral pattern of non-ionizing radiation associated with the electric and magnetic fields of GSM signal, this research study developed a field instrument (i.e., GSM field meter) to measure electric and magnetic fields of two GSM carriers along 91km road network. The study provided a standard to monitoring the GSM carriers radiated signals in terms of service delivery and planning. The study confirmed that the signal strength of MTN is stronger than Airtel along the route covered during measurement. It also showed that the highest electric field created by spike is within regulated standard and does not affect human health.

Service Quality And Customer Satisfaction In Selected Up-Market Four And Five Star Hotels In Kigali City, Rwanda []


Abstract Background: The current attitude towards service quality and customer satisfaction is crucial for organizations across all industries and sectors, both public and private. Having a strong customer focus and understanding who your clients are constitutes the initial steps towards providing excellent service quality, especially in the hospitality sector. Rwanda is a small country undergoing significant development on various fronts, including political, social, and economic aspects. However, despite this growth, there remain challenges in production, sales, and distribution, particularly within the hospitality sector. The issues present in the hospitality business include inadequate product quality, low technical skill levels, insufficient work experience, and improper training of employees. It is imperative to learn and implement the skills necessary to develop a sincere customer focus, identify customer expectations, communicate effectively with customers, handle challenging clients, and assess customer service. To achieve this, the study focused on evaluating the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction specifically within Kigali Serena Hotel and Mythos Hotel. The objectives of this research study are threefold: first, to establish the roles of service quality and customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry in Rwanda, particularly in Kigali city; second, to evaluate the delivery of service quality in the hospitality industry; and third, to determine strategies for improving market performance through enhanced service quality in Rwanda, specifically in Kigali city. The research aimed at assessing the impact of quality service delivery on the growth of hotels, analyzing its effect on attracting more clientele and enhancing overall customer service. The findings of this study would assist hotel managers in building effective teams capable of addressing queries from both on-site and off-site clients and ensuring exceptional customer satisfaction. Moreover, the results shall aid the government in refining and implementing policies that promote service quality as a pivotal factor for growth in the hospitality sector. Materials and Methods: The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaires and adopting a random sampling technique to select representatives. A descriptive research design was employed to determine the sample size, with the formula established by Yamane (1967) being utilized. The target audience consisted of 500 respondents in the hospitality industry, and the sample size were be 223.Upon data collection, the information gathered was entered into SPSS version 21.0, a statistical application for social sciences and analyzed to draw conclusions. Results:The study findings revealed an average rating of tangibility in customer satisfaction (service) as 3.224 across various areas, including expectation, satisfaction, responsiveness, and empathy. Specifically, an increase in customer satisfaction expectations resulted in a decrease in service tangibility by 0.003, while a decrease in responsiveness of customer satisfaction led to a decrease of 0.027 in service tangibility. However, an increase in empathy of customer satisfaction led to an increase of 0.073 in service tangibility, and a rise in customer satisfaction itself resulted in a service increase of 0.043. Conclusion:Based on the study's results, the recommendation is for four and five-star hotels to focus on maintaining customer satisfaction through promotional activities and price reductions across all Rwandan markets. Additionally, establishing a strong positive nexus between quality service and customer satisfaction through branding and designing high-quality goods or services is advised. Proper planning should also be undertaken to ensure a strong correlation between service quality and customer satisfaction. In conclusion, enhancing service quality and customer satisfaction is vital for the growth and success of organizations, particularly within the evolving hospitality sector in Rwanda. Through the implementation of appropriate strategies and policies, businesses can excel in meeting and exceeding customer expectations, ultimately contributing to the sector's overall development. Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Up-Market Four And Five Star Hotels, Kigali, Rwanda.

History of Sigiriya- A Capital City of Ancient Sri Lanka []


Abstract Sigiriya was the administrative centre of Sri Lanka in the mid-Anuradhapura period from 477 AD to 495 AD. Kashyapa, the son of a secondary wife, put his father King Datusena to death at the instigation of an evil general, after the father denied that he possessed any treasure. Kashyapa fled to Sigiriya in fear of Prince Mugalan and reigned there like the god Kuvera in a palace constructed on the rock. Sigiriya consisted of the all features of a defensive fortress. Angered by Kashyapa’s patricide, Prince Mugalan, the heir to the throne and the son of the chief queen, lacked sufficient military power and fled to India in the hope of obtaining aid for a future war. After gathering an army Prince Mugalan returned to the island and Kashyapa came to face him. Kashyapa’s army fled misinterpreting his action of turning the elephant to avoid a puddle of mud. Kashyapa committed suicide by slicing his own neck with the sword. Mugalan assumed the throne after the funeral rites of his brother. He donated the temples in the vicinity of Sigiriya and also a temple he constructed at Sigiriya to the monks of Mahavihara, Jethavana and Abhayagiriya in Anuradhapura. Sigiriya became a settlement long before Kashyapa’s arrival there. At the time first Buddist monasteries were being constructed in the island between the 3rd century BC and the 1st century AD, Sigiriya had been a residence for monks. From that time to the Kashyapa period, no historical evidence exists regarding Sigiriya. The predominant era of human settlement in Sigiriya is the Kashyapa period. Features of a well-planned city are to be seen at Sigiriya. The city could be divided in to six main parts. The rock and the palace on top of it are in the centre. The Sigiri murals and graffiti are part of the rock itself. The inner city is located outside the rock and connected to it. A rampart could be observed around the inner city. Outside the inner city and towards the west from the rock the royal pleasure garden is situated. The outer city is on the opposite side, i.e. in the east. Moats and walls encompass the whole city. The Sigiri tank is located in the south-west from the rock. An older settlement layer is found under the construction of the Kashayapa period. It seems equal to Kashyapa period to a great extent. The considerable contents of charcoal in this soil layer show that the settlement which would have existed at the time Kashyapa arrived in Sigiriya, had been subjected to a fire of unclear origin. Key words Sigiriya, King Kashyapa, royal pleasure garden, inner city

Evaluation of Conflict Management Strategies in Multi-Tenanted Property []


Property management deals with the selection of goals and the planning, procurement, organization, coordination, and control of the necessary resources for their development. Managing and supervising an interest in landed property is usually very challenging for the property manager. In the course of management, some issues sometimes led to misunderstandings that may lead to conflict between the tenants, property owner, and the management team. Therefore, the research work is based on the appraisal of conflict management strategies in property management. To achieve the aim, the meaning of management and conflict as well as causes of conflict in property shall be examined. The necessary information required for the work is obtained through the administration of a questionnaire administered to the occupants. The data collected is presented in the form of frequency distribution and percentage in a tabular form. It was observed that the facility provided is electricity only but no provision is made regarding waste disposal, cleaning, and maintenance of the premises, staircase, and parking space. It was also observed that the occupier’s response to electricity bill payments is poor. It is recommended that a proper understanding of the needs of the tenant must be known and properly met in order to make them stay in satisfactorily.

Examining the Impact of Robotics Training on Socioeconomic Advancement: A Case Study of City High School []


This study investigated the influence of robotics training on socioeconomic progress, as exemplified through a case study conducted at City High School. The training encompassed fundamental robotics and programming skills, coupled with an exploration of the Internet of Things (IoT), targeting Junior High School teachers of Cagayan de Oro National High School. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the training's impact, this research examined its role in fostering technological proficiency and enhancing teachers' socioeconomic prospects. The findings revealed a transformative impact of the training on participants' technological literacy, soft skills, and socioeconomic outlook. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a substantial improvement in robotics and programming knowledge, while qualitative insights unveiled participants' heightened confidence in leveraging technology and a greater awareness of potential career avenues in technology-driven fields. The integration of IoT concepts within the training amplified participants' grasp of interconnected technologies and their real-world applications. This interdisciplinary exposure not only enhanced their technical acumen but also fostered adaptability and critical thinking skills essential for navigating the complexities of the modern workforce. As such, this study underscores the significance of robotics training in nurturing multidisciplinary competencies that empowered learners to thrive in the digital age, ultimately shaping their socioeconomic advancement.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM STRATEGIES TO SUSTAIN A SUPPLY CHAIN []


Information technology systems used to manage organizational knowledge are referred to as knowledge management systems (KMS). In other words, they are ICT systems created to support and improve the organizational processes of knowledge production, storage/retrieval, transmission and application. This research thesis was geared towards investigating the Application of Knowledge Management System Strategies to support a sustainable supply chain at the Kenya Ports Authorities. It presented a new conceptualization of knowledge management in network technologies and knowledge management as a strategic framework. The conceptualization and the framework are built on the resource based view and knowledge based view which have the ability to support organizations in strategically managing knowledge and knowledge processes to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Sustainable development was built on the triple bottom line theory since ultimate sustainability can only be achieved when environmental protection, social equity and economic profitability coexist without one area taking over any of the others. This descriptive-analytical study used a sample survey to investigate the knowledge management system strategies to support a sustainable supply chain at the Kenya ports authority. This was done on a targeted population of 600 employees using structured questionnaires and 10 senior stakeholders using interviews. In total, 420 staff members responded to the survey, which represented about 70% of the targeted population. The interviews had a full turn out due to patient and careful scheduling. The data sets were analyzed using IBM’s SPSS version 26 (Statistical package for social sciences). Qualitative data analysis was done using content analysis on the emerging independent variables (ICT systems, knowledge management and stakeholder engagement) and dependent variable. Then inferential statistics, which included regression and correlation analysis, were carried out to derive the influence of knowledge management system strategies on sustainability. There was a significantly positive correlation between ICT systems and the dependent variable (β1=0.362, p=.000). Also, stakeholder engagement had a very significant correlation with supply chain sustainability (β3 = 0.580, p=.000). In conclusion, the findings indicated that knowledge management on its own had a slight significance in terms of influencing supply chain sustainability. This was mainly due to its complex nature as a variable. The integration of ICT with knowledge management creates a knowledge management system which is more logical and efficient. The study recommends that the Kenya ports authority implements an effective knowledge management system so as to leverage on the industry’s best practices, expertise and information systems strategy to support a sustainable supply chain.

An Impact Assessment on a Communicative Language Training Program for Language Teachers []


This study presents the outcomes of an impact assessment conducted on a training program centered around Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). The program was implemented among a group of eighty-five university lecturers from both private and public institutions in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The selected participants specialized in English language education and were treated as a cohort for this research endeavor. The study is grounded in the integration of CLT and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) theories, which emphasize the use of meaningful tasks to facilitate language learning, encourage communication, and promote interaction. Data collection for the study encompassed several methodologies, including five sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), individual interviews, and survey questionnaires administered via Google Forms. The primary focus of the research was to analyze the influence of the CLT training on various aspects, including participants' perceptions of CLT approaches, their patterns of interaction, utilization of language learning activities, and resulting learning outcomes. The findings of the study unveiled a significant transformation in participants' initial negative perceptions of the communicative approach. Subsequent to the CLT training, participants began to exhibit positive views and insights, particularly concerning the approach's impact on interaction patterns, utilization of various language learning activities, and overall enhancement of learning experiences. Furthermore, the assessment of the training program itself garnered highly favorable ratings from both trainers and trainees alike, specifically highlighting its well-structured format, organized content, and overall efficacy. These discoveries strongly advocate for the effectiveness of the CLT methodology in the domain of language instruction. Notably, the study showcases how CLT has the potential to not only facilitate learner engagement but also foster the development of language proficiency. Moreover, this research offers empirical evidence that reinforces the affirmative impact of CLT training within the context of university lecturers. It serves as a validation of the significance of incorporating communicative approaches into language teaching practices and advocates for the pursuit of further research initiatives and opportunities for ongoing professional development in this domain.

Screening and knowledge of women about Breast Cancer in Great Wad Medani Locality Gezira state, Sudan (2016-2022( []


ABSTRACT Background: Breast cancer screening is the medical screening of asymptomatic, apparently healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to achieve an earlier diagnosis. The assumption is that early detection will improve outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of breast cancer and knowledge of women over forty about breast cancer in great Wad Medani locality. Materials and methods: This study was community based cross-sectional interventional descriptive study. The Study area is Sudan, Gezira state, great wad Medani locality. The Study subjects were women in Gezira state Great Wad Medani locality aged 40 years and above. The study was include all women above 40 years who agreed to been involved in the study, and excluded women already diagnosed for breast cancer or on treatment. Results: The results of the study showed that a number of 328 women have been screened with mammogram in Gezira institute for molecular medicine according to Birad classification 122 women were category 1 (37..2%) , 112 category 2 (34.1%) , 86 categorary 3 (26.2%) , 5 category 4 (1.5%) , 3 women category 5 (0.9%) .Women with category 4 and 5 (3+5) women were considered positive to have ca. breast according to Birade classification. However the prevalence of breast cancer was 2.4%. Most knowledge of breast cancer symptoms were breast swelling 41.2% followed by change in size 28% and breast pain 22.9%. The majority of women 63% did not know the mammogram. Conclusion: This study concluded that breast cancer is prevalent among women over forty, majority of screened women were classified with breast problems which need follow-up. It can be recommends that valid programs for awareness about breast problems among women since early ages, availability of radiological diagnosis at the level of health centers and in services refresh training courses for the medical cadres about breast problems. Keywords: Screening, Breast cancer women, Gezira state, Sudan.

Factors associated Breast Cancer among Women Aged 40 years and above in Great Wad Medani Locality Gezira state, Sudan (2016-2022( []


ABSTRACT Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the most important causes of death among them. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with breast cancer among women in great Wad Medani locality. Materials and methods: This study was community based cross-sectional interventional descriptive study. The Study area is Sudan, Gezira state, great wad Medani locality. The Study subjects were women in Gezira state Great Wad Medani locality aged 40 years and above. The study was include all women above 40 years who agreed to been involved in the study, and excluded women already diagnosed for breast cancer or on treatment. Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that various risk factors including demographic (age, education level and marital status) , exposure to radiation, contraceptive method, type of contraceptive, breast feeding duration, and number of pregnancies, contribute to the prevalence of breast cancer. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated there were many factors influence breast cancer prevalence among women, so design and implementation of screening programs and the control of risk factors seem essential. Keywords: Factors associated, Breast cancer women, Gezira state, Sudan.