Volume 11, Issue 9, September 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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A Study of Impediments to Criminal Investigation and Difficulties In Collection of Evidence In Pakistan []


Investigation and evidence collection is the primary function of the police to maintain law and order in any society. The study aims to identify and to make aware people about the impediments and problems which police officials are facing in collection of evidence in criminal cases in Pakistan. So it is worthy to mention that there are many obstacles as loss of evidence, record tempering by criminals, lack of knowledge about the technicalities of law, pressure over upper level of hierarchy in police department. Sometimes our police personnel may have the shortage of equipments while collecting evidence from the crime scene in a criminal offence. It is also notable that in our society there is no protection and encouragement for witnesses to make contact with police investigators for sharing information about the criminal offence. For conducting the study researchers have selected whole of the country as the universe of the study. Then purposive and snow ball sampling has been used for selecting respondents for the study. Afterwards statistical package for social sciences(SPSS) has been used for analyzing data. It has been found after analyzing data that difficulties in collection of evidence and impediments to criminal investigation can be overcome to address all issies offically by planning and strategizing.

Design and Construction of a Home or Office Security System for Intruder []


The design and construction of a home or office security system for intruder detection is designed to detect and alert the homeowner or office personnel of any unauthorized entry into the premises. The system consists of several components, including sensors, a microcontroller, a Wi-Fi module, and a website. The sensors are installed at various locations throughout the building, and they detect motion of an intruder. The microcontroller processes the sensor data and sends alerts to the website via the Wi-Fi module and viewing activity logs. The website displays real-time data from the sensors and alerts the homeowner or office personnel of any intruder activity. The system is designed to be scalable, allowing additional sensors to be added as needed. The system provides a reliable and user-friendly security solution for homes and offices. It provides real-time data on intruder activity and sends alerts to the user via a website, enabling them to take appropriate action to secure their property. The software part which is the website is designed using HTML, CSS, PHP and MySql. And the hardware was designed using Arduino and C programming.

IMPACT OF MIND AND CONCEPT MAPPING TECHNIQUES ON PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY GEOGRAPHY STUDENTS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIABy []


The study examined the Impact of Mind and Concept Mapping Techniques on Performance Among Senior Secondary Geography Students in Katsina State, Nigeria. The study has two research objectives, answered two research questions and tested two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The research design adopted for the study was a 2x2 pretest posttest control group quasi-experimental factorial design. The two experimental groups were subjected to treatment using Mind and Concept Mapping while the control group was taught using lecture method. The population of the study consisted of 6623 SSII students from twenty one schools in Katsina Zonal Education Quality Assurance. Three co-educational public senior secondary schools were selected using Clustered sampling technique. A total number of 183 students from the sample of the study. Intact classes of SS II were used for the study. Three validated research instruments with reliability coefficient of (r = 0.662, r = 0.601) namely Geography Academic Performance Test were developed and used in data collection. Research questions were answered using descriptive statistics, while the null hypotheses were tested using ANCOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean scores of performance of geography students taught map reading concept using Mind Mapping, Concept Mapping and those exposed to lecture method. It was concluded that the use of Mind and Concept Mapping techniques is effective in enhancing students’ academic performance in geography. Based on the research findings recommendations were made which include, State Ministry of education among others at all levels should provide adequate seminars, workshops and training, re-training of teachers to adopt the new teaching techniques for effective teaching and learning of geography in senior secondary schools.

PRÉSENCE D'ASYMÉTRIE INFORMATIONNELLE SUR LE MARCHÉ DE L'ASSURANCE AUTOMOBILE []


Les déséquilibres financiers des entreprises à l’époque contemporaine découlent généralement de l’instabilité interne et externe qui se décline autour des coûts cachés, des incertitudes de production et de distribution, des problèmes managériaux et stratégiques et surtout aux aléas difficilement maîtrisables par l’entreprise appelés les risques. Ces derniers sont de plusieurs natures, notamment les risques d’assurances pour les entreprises œuvrant dans le domaine d’assurance, etc. Ce papier se propose d’atteindre les objectifs suivants: analyser et appréhender les dysfonctionnements liés au risque d’assurance dans son cadre général, surtout sa spécificité dans le domaine d’assurance automobile. C'est-à-dire les effets de cet événement aléatoire sur l’objectif économique et financier (ou la valeur) de l’entreprise; et sur l’objectif de l’exploitant (automobiliste); appréhender le mode de gestion rationnel des risques d’assurance automobile dans les compagnies d’assurance en RD Congo; analyser la manière dont la gestion de risques resout le problème d’asymétrie d’information (et donc de la sélection adverse) en assurance automobile. Les resultats de l’études ont montrés que sur 370 cas recouvrés par les compagnies par les compagnies d’assurance, 92 conducteurs ont fourni des fausses informations sur leurs situations professionnelles. En effet, ce chiffre correspond à 24, 86% de l’ensemble; et analysé séparément, le marché d’assurance automobile indique un chiffre avoisinant celui-ci (soit de 24.484%) en moyenne. Les différentes bases informationnelles sur base desquelles, les acteurs concernés ont trompés les gestionnaires des compagnies d’assurances; sont entre autre, le profil socioprofessionnel (en l’occurrence l’âge), les différents documents qui nécessitent dans la conduite ainsi que la formation suivie entant que conducteurs. Il a été établi que les conducteurs trompaient les gestionnaires des entreprises d’assurance d’abord pour gagner un certain niveau de confiance, et se positionner dans un niveau leur permettant de souscrire moins sur le plan administratif. Aussi, bon nombre de chauffeurs (et évidement les propriétaires) des véhicules évitaient d’être en bas de a moyenne franchise (montant qu’ils peuvent supporter eux-mêmes, même s’il y aurait sinistre). Et tel qu’approuver dans le tableau précédent, la plus part des cas d’asymétrie informationnelle ont été démasqués après que le sinistre s’est réalisé. Par conséquent, relativement aux informations dont les gestionnaires des compagnies d’assurance ont mis à notre disposition, environ 24% d’informations fournies par les acteurs du marché d’assurance automobile sont erronées. Ainsi avons conclus, avant de présenter le coût de surveillance effectuée par les compagnies, le marché d’assurance automobile congolais est asymétrique.

Social and Emotional Challenges Faced by Gifted Students at Secondary Level in Pakistani School System []


This research aimed to shed light on the social and emotional hurdles experienced by gifted students in the secondary school system of Pakistan. A comprehensive literature review revealed that a lack of understanding of giftedness and a failure to acknowledge individual differences were primary factors behind these challenges. Pakistan lacked a standardized process for identifying gifted students, and many teachers lacked the necessary skills to address their unique needs. The inflexible curriculum failed to accommodate gifted students, while the absence of guidance and counseling programs in most schools exacerbated their struggles. Despite Pakistan's diverse and multilingual population, gifted education remained absent from formal educational policies. Research on giftedness in Pakistan, which officially commenced in 2002, suffered from a lack of systematic and empirical grounding. This research sought to provide insight into Pakistan's perspective on gifted education and the social-emotional difficulties faced by gifted students. This mixed-methods research involved gifted students, teachers, parents, coordinators from both private and public schools in Karachi, and professors from a University’s Psychology Department. Convenience sampling was chosen for its speed and accessibility, resulting in 228 respondents. The study underscored the myriad social and emotional challenges faced by gifted students, many of whom remained unidentified and unsupported, leading to frustration, self-esteem issues, boredom, laziness, and underachievement.

UNCOVERING THE PERVASIVE GRIP OF CORRUPTION ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS []


This study investigated the pervasive grip of corruption on the local government system in Nigeria and analyzes its implications for infrastructure development. The local government system in Nigeria is aimed at bringing governance closer to the people, encouraging citizen participation, accountability, and community-level advancement. However, corruption has plagued the system, resulting in mismanagement of resources and abuse of power by local government officials. Factors contributing to corruption include weak institutional frameworks, political interference, and a lack of accountability. This corruption has led to the embezzlement of funds earmarked for infrastructure development, causing a lack of basic amenities such as water, electricity, and good roads in rural areas. The poor state of infrastructure negatively impacts living conditions, productivity, and economic growth. It was recommended that the government strengthen institutions like the EFCC to fight corruption, improve civil service recruitment, training, and performance management, as well as raise awareness and educate citizens about their rights and the harm of corruption.

The Policy-Maker Intelligence Interface:A Critical Vulnerability in the Intelligence Community. []


The seamless collaboration between intelligence professionals and policymakers is critical to the efficacy of intelligence services. This paper explores the complex dynamics of the intelligence communitys policy-maker-intelligence interface and emphasizes how crucial it is to determine national security policies. We demonstrate how this interface frequently turns into a point of failure, hindering the intelligence communitys capacity to give policymakers reliable, timely, and actionable intelligence. We do this by drawing on a thorough review of historical case studies and current issues. We examine the various aspects that lead to this susceptibility, such as political pressures, information bias, and communication breakdowns. We also evaluate the fallout from these mistakes, which can include poor policy choices and even threats to national security. We provide a framework for strengthening the policy-maker intelligence interface in order to solve these problems. This framework includes better information exchange, better training for policymakers and intelligence professionals, and the creation of an accountable and transparent culture. We contend that by fortifying this crucial link, the intelligence community will be better able to carry out its mandate to supply vital intelligence assistance for well-informed policy creation and execution, ultimately defending national interests in a constantly changing international environment.Keywords: Policymaker, Interface, Intelligence, vulnerability, intelligence Community.

Engineering based process of achieving a constant power supply in Nigeria []


everal countries of the world enjoy steady (uninterrupted) power supply. This has been possible through aggressive investment in the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power. Some of these countries lack the natural resources required for the power generation but have been able to attain their present states of power availability through applying the principles of engineering tom their situation. Nigeria as a nation endowed with enormous natural resources can attain the same level of steady power supply by harnessing these resources to increase generation capacity, expand the transmission network and improve the distribution system. The existing system has the solution of its problems in the implementation of the engineering prospects presented in this work. This work presents, among other things, a comprehensive analysis of the existing system, identifying its problems and constraints. It went further to offer engineering-based solutions to the identified problems suggesting some state-of-the-art application of engineering to the existing system to ensure power availability and stability.

LANALYSE PAR RÉGRESSION LINÉAIRE MULTIPLE ET LES MODÈLES A PLUSIEURS ÉQUATIONS : UNE ÉTUDE THÉORIQUE []


La regression linéaire multiple(RLM) une technique statistique important en économie et gestion consistant à utiliser deux variables independantes ou plus pour predire ou expliquer le resultat une seule variable dependante en modelisant la relation linéaire entre elles. Lanalyse descriptive des données repose sur une demarche en plusieurs étapes. Il était question de definir tout abord les caracteristique des variables prises une à une (analyse univariée ou tri à plat) puis une observation des liens qui les caracterisent deux par deux (Analyse bivariée ou tricroisée) pour finir par lobservation des structures multiples liant plusieurs variables (analyse multivariée) on a distingué alors deux familles principales, la primières a consistée à observer les liens unissant une variable avec plusieurs autres (1 n) la seconde a considerée simultanément les structures multiples liant différentes variables ( n n . Les resultats on montrés que La statistique de F calculée par le logiciel Eviews est F = 234.457 et la probabilité associée est inférieure à 5% (0,000< 0,05). Or la statistique lue dans la table de Fisher à 2 degrés de liberté au seuil (de 5% est de 5.991 donc lhypothèse nulle (H0) est rejetée et le modèle est globalement ajustée (0.868) qui renseigne aussi sur la qualité du modèle économétrique. Les résultats de lestimation montrent que ces deux variables indépendantes ou explicatives sont statistiquement significatives au vue la probabilité qui leur attribuée : La variable IPR est significative au seuil de 1% car la probabilité (prob.) est inférieure à 1% ; La variable TVA est significative au seuil de 1% car la probabilité (prob.) est inférieure à 1%

On the Heuristic Deconstruction of the Volume of the Sphere []


A mathematical deconstruction of the volume formula for the sphere (4π/3 r^3) revealing its pseudo spherical hidden nature is presented in this article. This surprising result rooted in the soil of the Calculus highlights weaknesses of Archimedean and modern analysis techniques used to obtaining the formula. Being in the heart of STEAM, our heuristic surgery bears an exact and self evident formula of the volume for the true sphere. This formula crystallizes an extraordinary mathematical creative power which positively transforms the world scientific, pedagogical, social and Cultural landscape beyond expectations.

Technical Investigation of crude oil emulsion demulsifier produced in Nigeria on crude oil to water recovery ratio efficiency []


ABSTRACT The most important objective of any oil production facility is the separation of water and other foreign materials from produced crude. Emulsions of oil and water are one of many problems directly associated with the petroleum industry, in both oil-field production and refinery environments. Several methods in use have suffered from drawbacks such as high costs of production and environmental concerns. The need to develop a cost effective and efficient demulsifier in treating crude oil emulsions without compromising quality and environmental safety is a major concern to the oil industry worldwide. Hence, this study aims at developing and formulating cheap and environmentally safe demulsifier from locally sourced raw materials thereby compare its effectiveness with that of commercially imported foreign demulsifier. Experimental investigation was carried out to ascertain its effectiveness in breaking crude oil emulsion. Materials used included locally made liquid soap, starch, camphor, alum, castor oil, and distilled water. Two different demulsifier formulations were made and tested on a crude oil emulsion sample from a Niger Delta field and subjected to a temperature of 60°F. A foreign demulsifier, Separol, of the same quantity and under the same experimental condition, served as a basis for comparison (control). The result of the treatment was a successful separation of oil and water using formulated demulsifier. The separated water volume by the local demulsifier (CONK1) was 31ml, while that separated by Separol was 6ml. This showed the locally formulated demulsifier had high effect and better water separation capability than the commercially available imported demulsifier (Separol). Keywords: Coalescence, Local Materials, Demulsifier, Emulsion, Flocculation, Niger Delta, Saparol.

IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS AND INFOGRAPHICS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA []


Abstract The study investigated the Impact of Instructional Videos and Infographics on Academic Performance in Physical Geography among Senior Secondary School Students in Katsina State, Nigeria. Two research objectives, two research questions and two tested hypotheses were formulated. The study used quasi experimental and control group design involving pre and posttests. The target population for the study covered 4,211 senior secondary year II students in the study area. A total number of 149 students from three intact classes of SS II were selected and used as sample of the study. Two schools were selected as the experimental groups, while the other one served as the control group. One validated instrument with reliability coefficients of 0.67 namely Geography Performance Test were used for data collection. Hypotheses were tested using ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Findings revealed that significant difference exist in the Mean Academic Performance Scores of students taught Physical Geography using Instructional Videos and Infographics and those taught using lecture method in favour of experimental groups. Findings revealed that significant difference exist between the Mean Academic Performance Scores of male and female students taught Geography using same strategies which implies that the strategies are gender bias. Based on the findings, the study recommended that using Instructional Videos and Infographics in teaching Physical geography in Secondary Schools should be encouraged by State Ministries of Education through training of teachers inform of seminars, workshops and adequate monitoring on how to use Instructional Videos and Infographics in teaching Sciences. Key words: Instructional Videos, Infographics, Academic Performance.