Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2023 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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MECHANICAL STABILIZATION OF LATERITIC CLAY FROM ARA-IJERO, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA. []


Three bulk samples of Ara-Ijero clay were mixed with varying percentages of nearby lateritic soil and compacted at the West African and Modified American Association of States Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) energy levels respectively. This was with a view to determining the influence of mechanical stabilization on the Unconfined (uniaxial) Compressive Strength (UCS) of the fired samples. Petrographic study of the parent rock was done while samples of the clay and lateritic soils were subjected to x-ray diffraction. Classification tests were carried on both the clay and lateritic soil samples prior to mechanical stabilization using 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively by volume of lateritic soil as stabilizer. The stabilized samples were subjected to unconfined compression test at air-dried, sun-dried and fired states. Results of modal analysis showed that the parent rock is migmatite-gneiss with quartz as the most abundant mineral followed by alkali feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, biotite and muscovite with minor amounts of other minerals. The average amount of Kaolinite in the clay samples (35.4%) is typical of Kaolinitic clays. The clay and lateritic soil had average fine fractions of 62.7% and 53.0% respectively, an indication that the lateritic soil had better geotechnical property than the clay. The fired strengths were found to increase both with the amounts of stabilizer and the energy of compaction. However, the increases in strength as a result of increase in energy of compaction from the West African to the modified AASHTO level were found to be marginal. The increases in strengths noticed beyond 40% by volume of the stabilizer were also found to be insignificant. Fired bricks of adequate strength for construction of bungalow buildings can thus be produced by mixing 40% by volume of lateritic soil with clay with compaction at the West African level. This study has showcased the effectiveness of mechanical stabilization of clay with lateritic soil in the study area. Keywords: Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Mechanical stabilization, Migmatite-gneiss, Fired state, West African level.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMPETENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STATE CIVIL APPARATUS AGENCY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE []


The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze (1) The influence Use of Information Technology and Competence on the Performance of ASN Employees Office of Regional Development Planning Agency of Southeast Sulawesi Province. (2) The Effect of Using Information Technology on the Performance of ASN Employees at the Regional Development Planning Agency Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. (3) The effect of competency on the performance of ASN employees at the Regional Development Planning Agency Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results of the study explain that: (1) The use of Information Technology and Competence together (simultaneously) influences employee performance. (2) The use of Information Technology has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. (3) Competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

MOTIVATION IMPACTS ON NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY WORKERS' EFFICIENCY []


The construction industry sector is important to the national economy of countries across the world. The sector accounts for about 6% of the global gross domestic product value. In Nigeria, the construction sector ranked high in gross domestic product monetary value contribution. Notwithstanding the importance of the sector, it faces diverse challenges, such as low workers' wages, workplace safety issues and poor work environment. These results in low morale of workers, impact their productivity level and results in poor work efficiency. This could impact the sector workforce efficiency level and reduces contribution to economic growth.

Reproductive health services utilization and its associated factors among young people of Hwolshe community, Jos south LGA []


Nigeria has an estimated population of 191, 835,936 with 22.3% adolescents, one in 20 of these adolescents contract a sexually transmitted infection each year, and half of all cases of HIV infections takes place among people under the age of 25 years. About 40% of new HIV infection occurs among young people in Nigeria (Odo, Samuel, Nwagu, Nnamani & Atama, 2018). The main objectives of this study were to; to determine the utilization of reproductive health services among young people of Hwolshe community, Jos south LGA and to determine factors associated with utilization of reproductive health services among young people of Hwolshe community, Jos south LGA. Therefore, the associated factors sexual behavior, cost of reproductive health services, educational level, and gender were discovered to influence the respondent’s utilization of reproductive health services and are the associated factors to reproductive health services as evidenced by the research findings.

Project implementation practices and the project performance of construction of Nzove Water Treatment Plant II phase I, KIGALI – RWANDA []


The aim of this study was to establish the key factors affecting project implementation. The problem was that many projects fail in the implementation stage and they do not meet stakeholder’s expectations even if previous phases are well done. Specific objectives of this study were: to assess the effect of involvement of stakeholders, assessment of impact of monitoring and evaluation and assessment of effect of management policy in success of project implementation. The case of construction Nzove, Water Treatment Plant II phase I designed to produce 25, 000 cubic meter of clean water to be supplied in Kigali town. The target population for the study was 219 employees of Water and Sanitation Corporation limited which is the company that is in charge of management of infrastructures related construction of Nzove II phase I and Culligan which is the company that implemented the construction of Nzove II phase I. A sample of 34 employees was carefully chosen from target population with use of stratified random sampling. Data collection was from the sample using questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed through both qualitatively and quantitatively to provide answers to the identified research questions. The researcher used a descriptive research design employed as a cross-sectional study. The study come up with fact that involvement of stakeholders including communication and reporting through stakeholders in project management affects implementation of projects, also, monitoring and evaluation affects implementation of projects including activities inspections, reporting system and reporting frequency; also, policy management affects implementation of projects including influence on the risk management and flexibility of policy management. While the research undertaken in this study only investigated whether involvement of stakeholders, monitoring and evaluation and management policy affect implementation of projects and did not investigate whether these factors are correlated in the way they affect implementation of project. For example, management policy might be influencing implementation of projects through the way it influences involvement of stakeholders or monitoring and evaluation the recommendation is that further research should be undertaken to determine whether involvement of stakeholders, monitoring and evaluation and management policy are correlated in the way they affect implementation of projects.

Influence of Community Participation on Poverty Reduction in Rwanda case RRC []


In spite of several decades of transfers of financial aid from industrialized countries to developing countries, the numbers of the poor continue to increase and many peasants’ rural poor communities still grapple with the repercussions of inadequate potable water, lack of electricity, poor health care, insufficient education and poor agricultural production. These realities, therefore, raise questions key to understanding the failure of community participation towards alleviating poverty in the developing world. The researcher has performed a Literature Review as evidence to assist the argument that project managers should extend the probabilities of community participation success in the development projects in order to reduce the poverty in rural communities. This research supplies a significance contribution of community participation in the development projects in order to reduce the poverty among rural communities, so that those projects be effectively and efficiently managed and ensure the sustainability. The study adopted a descriptive research design and descriptive statistic to be used in order to find mean, standard deviations, skewness and kurtosis and inferential statistic via correlation analysis to estimate the strength of relationship between the variables by the usage of Pearson correlation (r) and regression analysis and to take a look at research questions. The target population is 672 respondents with a sample size of 251 respondents comprised of selected households for livestock support in Murunda, Gihango, Ruhango Sectors in Rutsiro District.

MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS QUALITY OF SERVICE AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN KIGALI, RWANDA []


This study examined mobile telecommunications quality of service (QoS) and customer satisfaction (CS) in Kigali-Rwanda. The study had two objectives: • To establish the relationship between network performance (NP) aspects of QoS and CS in Kigali. • To assess the relationship between non-NP aspects of QoS and CS in Kigali. The researcher was perturbed by continuous information from AfrISPA and other sources indicating that mobile telecommunications QoS was very poor in Kigali and Rwanda at large. A cross sectional research design was adopted and quantitative approach was used. The study population of mobile telecommunications subscribers in Kigali was estimated and exceeds 100% of the total population of the city (1.132m ref. datareportal), this is because many people have more than one mobile connection. Different writers and web pages were used for the study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data and a response rate of 75% was obtained. Correlation results showed a significant weak positive relationship between NP and CS and a significant weak positive relationship between non-NP aspects of QoS and CS. The findings provided an insight into customers’ satisfaction within the mobile telecommunications domain much as the study was limited to Kigali and to mobile voice telephony and SMS.

An overview of Policy implications of currency redesign in Nigeria []


The redesign of a country's currency is often seen as a way to improve security features and enhance the aesthetics of banknotes. However, the policy implications of such a move on the economy of a country are often overlooked. This research paper examines the policy implications of currency redesign on the Nigerian economy. Using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study shows that currency redesign can have a significant impact on inflation, exchange rate, and monetary policy. The paper also explores the challenges associated with currency redesign, including the cost of production, logistics, and public perception. The findings of the study suggest that policymakers should carefully consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of currency redesign before implementing it. In conclusion, the paper provides insights and recommendations that can guide policymakers in making informed decisions on currency redesign in Nigeria and other developing countries.

AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN THE EMERGING MARKET. A CASE STUDY OF RWANDA STOCK EXCHANGE []


Capital market performance has a stronger influence on a country's financial stability. Several studies have been undertaken in Rwanda analyzing the performance of the stock market, but few have explored the macroeconomic implications on stock market performance, and none have analyzed the influence of macroeconomic indicators on the bond market. The research examined the impacts of exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate on the performance of the capital market on the Rwanda stock exchange using monthly time series data spanning 2017 through June 2022. These statistics were obtained from RSE and BNR. The study's outcomes were evaluated using Eviews 12. The Cointegration test and Granger causality test for all the macroeconomic variables considered in the research, including the interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation indicated that the stock market and bond market have either a long-run relationship or a causal relationship with a P value which less than 5%. This demonstrates that there is, in fact, a link between the stock market and certain macroeconomic factors, and that these factors play a significant role in the growth of the capital market. The statistical data demonstrated that inflation rate and exchange rate have positive long-term relationships with the bond market, but interest rate has a negative long-term link with the market. Exchange rate and interest rate have positive long-term relationships with market capitalization, but inflation rate has a negative long-term link with market capitalization. By providing light on this uncharted area the findings have hypothetically added to literature. This will aid investors in predicting the direction of the market allowing them to concentrate only on the major elements and their influence on various economies. Second, there is a need for a continuous campaign on financial education to the general population, since this is an area that might play a significant role in the growth of the capital market. Additionally, the government should foster an atmosphere that promotes investments to flourish, therefore boosting the number of firms listed on the stock exchange hence promoting product innovation and diversification on the Rwanda stock exchange Key word: Interest, Exchange rate, Inflation rate, Market capitalization, Bond Market

The Role of Information Technology and Its Impacts over the Employee Creativity in the Software Companies of Pakistan. []


In this study, role of information technology has been discussed that how it impacts the employee's creativity. When it comes to connecting creative ideas and thoughts at the same time, information technology has both significantly helped and considerably hinders this capacity. This blending of technology has produced ground-breaking new concepts and ways for individuals to express themselves. This study is carried out in Pakistani software houses registered with stock exchange and it investigates the role of Information Technology (IT) in employee creativity. With the omnipresence of technology and technological advancement in the contemporary world, it is advantageous to study through different and advanced perspectives the profound effects on employee creativity. Conclusions and results point out significant effects if Information Technology on the creativity of employees.

INFLUENCE OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS IN RWANDA A CASE OF RURAL WASH PROJECT IN GICUMBI DISTRICT []


The dissertation entitled “Influence of resource management in implementation of projects in Rwanda, a case of Rural Wash Project in Gicumbi District” was guided by the following objectives: to determine the influence of Human resource management in implementation of Rural Wash Project; to establish the influence of financial resource management practices in implementation of Rural Wash Project; to investigate the influence of time resource management practices in implementation of Rural Wash Project and to assess the influence of material resource management practice in implementation of Rural Wash Project. The sample size which was used in the study is 67. The researcher used universal sampling to select 67 employees. The study used quantitative and qualitative approaches where questionnaire, interview and documentary review were used as methods of data collection. The variables were subjected to Descriptive and inferential statistics such as multiple linear regressions to analyze data. The findings revealed that there is significant high positive correlation between Human resource management and implementation of Rural Wash Project at (r=0.651**, p-value=0.000<0.01). This implies that an increase in human resource management leads to the positive change in implementation of rural wash project in Gucumbi and revealed that human resource management have significance positive effect in implementation of Rural Wash Project as indicated by β1= 0.267, p=0.012<0.05. The results revealed that there is significant moderate positive correlation between financial resource management and implementation of Rural Wash Project at (r=0.609* p- value=0.000<0.01). This implies that an increase in financial resource management leads to the positive change in implementation of rural wash project in Gucumbi and indicated that financial resource management have significance positive effect on implementation of Rural Wash Project as indicated by β2=0.218, p=0.025<0.05). The findings also revealed that there is significant high positive correlation between time resource management and implementation of Rural Wash Project at (r=0.729**, p- value=0.000<0.01). and also indicated that time resource management have significance positive effect on implementation of Rural Wash Project as indicated by β3= 0.243, p=0.002<0.05). The results indicated that there is significant moderate positive correlation between material resource management and implementation of Rural Wash Project at (r=0.585**p- value=0.001<0.01) This implies that an increase in material resource management leads to the positive change in implementation of rural wash project. The results indicated that material resource management has significance positive effect on implementation of Rural Wash Project as indicated by β4= 0.411, p=0.003<0.05). The implication is that an increase of one unit in material resource management would lead to an increase in implementation of rural wash project by 0.243 units. Hence, the study recommended that the management of Rural WASH project should be encouraged to give priority on the material resource management of their projects since it will support them achieve project success implementation. The study also recommended that the management should be realistic about the project scope, timelines and resources and offer support to ensure projects succeed.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE RAPID LITERACY ASSESSMENT (CRLA) IN BRIDGING THE GAP IN READING LEVEL AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 1 PUPILS IN THE MOTHER TONGUE []


The present study ventured into the role of the Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA) tool as an innovative reading assessment instrument in Mother Tongue for early-grade learners. The adoption of remote learning modality by the schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic made CRLA a practical and timely measure to assess Grade 1 learners’ reading profiles which paved the way for Grade 1 teachers to determine the factors affecting the utilization of the tool and the crafting of differentiated and developmentally appropriate reading interventions. Anchoring the employed interventions to the results provided by the tool, the Grade 1 learners’ reading level and academic performance in Mother Tongue have improved. Keywords: Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA), bridging the gap, reading profiles, Mother Tongue, developmentally proper intervention

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF GASTROPODS AT THE SEAGRASS SPECIES ASSOCIATION AT TUNDA ISLAND IN SERANG BANTEN REGENCY []


Gastropods is one of the association biota in seagrass vegetation as an important component in the food chain in seagrass ecosystems. Research on the community structure of Gastropoda in the association of seagrass species in the waters of Tunda Island was carried out in May 2018. The purpose of this research was to identify the Gastropod community structure and evaluate the relationship between community structures of Gastropods with seagrass species and associations of seagrass species. The implementation of this research used experimental methods in the field, Randomized Block Design, with 6 treatments at 4 stations. The treatments tested were differences in seagrass species, and associations of seagrass species, from 3 seagrass species namely Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, and Cymodocea rotundata. Each quadrant plot measures 1m x 1m. The results of the research show that seagrass conditions at the research site in the waters of Tunda Island, namely seagrass cover 20% - 33.33% and seagrass density 9.17-60.33. Gastropods were found as many as 77 individuals, from 22 species which included 12 families. The Gastropoda diversity index is in the moderate category (0.63-1.74) while the uniformity index is in the high category (0.8-1.47). The value of water-physico-chemical parameters, still within the range of seawater quality standards for marine biota, means that they still support seagrass and gastropod life. The composition of seagrass species one species and species associations affected the Gastropod community structure in seagrass beds in the eastern region of Tunda Island. Keywords: association, community structure, gastropods, seagrass, Tunda Island

The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Motivation in Sothern Nations and Nationalities Regional State Education Departments, Southern Ethiopia []


Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of leadership styles on employees’ motivation in education departments that are located in SNNPRS, Ethiopia. To achieve the study objectives a mixed research design was employed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to run the study. A survey was conducted from 105 randomly selected employees from education departments. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight purposefully selected employees to validate the results of the survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean scores) and inferential (multiple linear regression). The results indicate that the employees’ motivation was found at moderate level. The types of leadership styles which are dominantly practiced in the study area were transformational and transactional. Regression results revealed that there is statistically significant impact of leadership styles on employee motivation at education departments. Besides, among the different styles, the transformational leadership style has the highest effect size. On the basis of the finding, it was recommended that the heads of zonal education departments should enhance the level of employees’ motivation through the practice of appropriate leadership style which attracts employees attention to devote their full efforts. Keywords: Education departments; Employees motivation; Ethiopia; Leadership styles

THE FUTURE BUILDINGS OF THE APOSTOLIC CATHOLIC CHURCH OF GOD THE HOLY SPIRIT BELOVED INGKONG []


THE ONE HOLY CATHOLIC AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH ARCHITECTURE IN LIGHT OF NARRATIVE VIRTUE ETHICS AND NEW URBANISM BUILDING, PLACE OF ALL SEALED SERVANTS FOR WORSHIP, DEVOTIONS, SACRAMENTS, AND HOLY SEALING.

Teachers’ Challenges in Teaching English to Junior High School Students in Rwanda: A Case of Huye District []


This study explores the challenges that the English teachers face while teaching junior high school students in Rwanda based on contextual factors that are believed to affect second language acquisition (SLA). Based on the findings of the research resulting from the questionnaires, observations, and interviews, the researcher identified the challenges for both the teachers and the students in teaching and learning English at Huye junior high school. These challenges stem from teachers’ educational backgrounds because most current teachers acquired their education in the French language as a medium of instruction as a second language which results in code-switching while teaching English. Those challenges include also a lack of student enthusiasm in learning English, a lack of basic knowledge of English classes, and the usage of the mother tongue when learning English. It is also found that both the teachers and the students code-switch easily to their mother tongue as English lessons are taking place. Furthermore, educational facilities and teachers who are unfamiliar with technology provide formidable hurdles, thus teachers should adopt the use of effective teaching tactics to help students comprehend. Despite these challenges, teachers must be more innovative in the teaching-learning process in order to ensure that students learn effectively. Keywords: TESL, Teachers’ challenges, Teacher qualification，Junior High School Students in Rwanda

CAPITAL MARKET MECHANISMS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RWANDA 2016-2021 []


Today, many countries in the world, compare their economies based on the functioning and performance of their capital markets. Capital market plays an important role in economic growth and economic prosperity of a country. Therefore, this research was aimed to analyze the contribution of Rwanda capital market on economic growth of Rwanda. The specific objectives were to assess the contribution of market capitalization on economic growth of Rwanda, to analyze the contribution of volume of transactions on economic growth of Rwanda and to analyze the contribution of market turnover on economic growth of Rwanda. The following hypothesis was tested: Ho1. There is no significant relationship between market capitalization and Rwandan economic growth and Ho2. There is no significant relationship between volume of shares and Rwandan economic growth. The research used descriptive and correlational research design; the population of the research is 11 years starting from 2011 to 2021 as sample size of the research; the data was collected using documentary technique. In this regard the researcher got documents relate to the market capitalization, volume of shares and market turnover from RSE and documents related to GDP from MINICOFIN. The regression analysis revealed a positive relationship (R = 953). The R coefficient of 0.953 indicates that the predictors of the model which market capitalization, Market turnover and volume of shares, have a correlation of 95.3% with the dependent variable (gross domestic production in Rwanda) The study also revealed that market capitalization, contributed to 90.8% (R2= 0.908) of the gross domestic production in Rwanda. Based on these findings researcher conclude that the capital market affects the gross domestic production. From the research researcher recommend the government of Rwanda to increase the number of companies registered on Rwanda capital market to boost national economy.

INFLUENCE OF EWOM IN SOCIAL MEDIA ON PURCHASE INTENTION OF PAKISTANI YOUNG ADULTS WITH MODERATING ROLE OF SOCIAL TIES []


Social media platforms have produced beneficial opportunities for electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) information. Everyone is discussing online products and services with their acquaintances on social media these days. This study investigates how communication on social media affects consumers’ inclinations to make purchases. To achieve this, a conceptual framework was created based on the integration of the Information Adoption Model (IAM) and components of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The Information Acceptance Model (IACM) was adopted for this research by adding a new variable, social ties as a moderator. The objective of this study is also to know the impact of social ties on the Information Acceptance Model (IACM). A new model based on a survey of 250 young adults who use social media websites, was validated by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the main characteristics of eWOM in social media that affect customer purchase intentions are information quality, credibility, usefulness and adoption, and information needs and attitudes. And social ties have a significant impact on all the dependent variables in the conceptual framework. Discussions of theoretical and practical ramifications and suggestions for further study are included.

THE APPLICABILITY OF POLITICAL MARKETING AND ITS IMPACT ON VOTERS []


Every firm, product, person, etc. relies on marketing. Modern politics is similar. Because there are so many, every political faction must contend it's the best. Political party marketing has changed political marketing. Politics and marketing are intertwining. Social and mainstream media have changed politics in recent decades. Political ads are expensive. Corporations and political campaigns rely on the media to reach their audiences and urge action. Both use market research and statistics. Political success depends on strong political brands, and voter behavior analysis is a critical tool. This researh will help candidates, political parties, political groups, and the government understand voter demands and preferences. This exploratory study tries to find, analyses, or review variables for analyzing political marketing's effectiveness on voters. We must understand how voters choose a party and candidate for all the time and money spent on political advertising.

The impact of product variety on lsq in e-marketplaces with moderating effect of virtual integration. []


Abstract This research aim is to define the role of virtual integration and its influence on relation of product variety (IV) and logistic service quality (DV) in B2C and B2B online stores whereas this study also focuses on the mediating effect of logistic integration on LSQ that will enhance efficiency at organization’s logistic performance by sharing information electronically and strategically planning with all supply chain partners. for this research author has preferred collecting data through electronic questionnaire survey (google form) and distributed it through several online platforms (e.g. LinkedIn, Gmail, Facebook) to the supply chain professionals. Moreover, the inferential data analysis was done through the smart PLS 3 and result and findings of this research were ultimately showing us significance of virtual integration on product variety decisions and how could we resolve the declining rate of logistical service quality which is influenced by product variety with the help of virtual integration. Keywords- Logistics service quality, Product variety, E-marketplaces, E-tailers, Virtual integration, Logistic integration

Palliative care services related knowledge, attitude and practices among healthcare providers at Kibagabaga Hospital, Rwanda []


Palliative care is a holistic approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with chronic and life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other health problems. Little is known about knowledge, attitude and practices of health care providers towards palliative care in Rwanda. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess health care provider’s knowledge, attitude and practices towards palliative care services at Kibagabaga Hospital. A cross-sectional research design with quantitative approach was employed. This study targeted 247 doctors, nurses and midwives working at Kibagabaga hospital. Using Solvin’s formula, a sample of 153 health care workers was estimated. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents from Kibagabaga hospital units/Department. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21; descriptive analysis performed to establish healthcare provider’s knowledge, attitude and practices towards palliative care services. The study findings showed shows that among respondents that among respondents 42.5% were male while 57.5% were female. For education level, the majority of respondents 56.9% had Bachelor's Degree, 20.3% had Diploma, and 22.9% of them were Medical Doctors. The research findings showed that 50.3% of respondents had low knowledge towards palliative care and 49.7% of respondents hah high knowledge towards palliative care, 38.6% of respondents had positive attitude towards palliative care and 56.9% of respondents hah good practices towards palliative care. Although, this study revealed that the level of knowledge of health care providers was the factors associated with level practices towards palliative care. To address this, the researcher has provided some recommendations to the Ministry of Health & Rwanda Biomedical Center and its organs which will help to improve awareness towards palliative care related knowledge, attitude and practices.