Volume 13, Issue 2, February 2025 Edition - GSJ Journal Publication

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Human Being: The Quantum-Bio Genius Machine. []


Human Duality Principle (HDP):- [It is impossible for a person to observe (vision) simultaneously (in space-time) both the Reality of Great God and the Existence of Universe.] The Principle integrates insights from physics, philosophy and spirituality, proposing that understanding this duality is key to grasping the larger truths of existence. The ideas resonate with themes in quantum theory and spiritual philosophy, highlighting humanity's role as a bridge between physical and metaphysical realms. The Human Duality Principle explores the coexistence of two fundamental aspects of human existence: the natural self (mind) and the spiritual self (spirit). This concept delves into the interplay between material and spiritual dimensions of life, addressing how these dual aspects define human nature and influence our understanding of the universe and existence.

Critical Thinking in Resolving Conflict []


The focus of the study is to investigate critical thinking ability in relation to conflict resolution. A total of 399 millennial workers from various industries participated in the study. The results of R-squared value of 0.141, F-value of .626, p-value of .682 and alpha of 0.05 does not account for much of the variability in the data. Further suggests that the predictors do not significantly explain variations in critical thinking related to conflict. The data implies that critical thinking ability with a beginning thinker is not statistically significant in resolving conflict which showed that dispute resolution is not much impacted by a beginner's critical thinking skills. Nonetheless, enhancing one's CT abilities will help manage conflicts better.

ART AND IDENTITY: REPRESENTATIONS OF GNAOUA CULTURE IN WORKS EXHIBITED AT THE AGADIR MUSEUM OF ART []


This article examines how contemporary Moroccan art, through the works of Tayeb Lahlou and Mohamed Tabal exhibited at the Agadir Museum of Art, represents Gnaoua culture. It analyzes, drawing on the theories of Laurajane Smith, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, and Stuart Hall, how intangible cultural practices are transformed and interpreted when integrated into a museum framework. The study, based on an approach combining iconographic and documentary analysis, reveals a tension between the need to preserve Gnaoua culture and the risks associated with its musealization. The works of Lahlou, more figurative, and Tabal, more dreamlike, bear witness to the richness of this culture while highlighting the complexity of its representation. The analysis of museum discourse shows how the museum actively participates in the construction of an identity narrative by valuing popular cultures, but also how exhibition choices shape public perception of this culture. The article highlights the crucial role of art in the transmission and reinterpretation of heritage, questioning notions of authenticity and identity in a contemporary museum context.

Faith-Based Arbitration: Addressing Leadership Conflicts in Religious Institutions in Tanzania []


Religious institutions, like their circular counterparts, are not immune to conflicts. Such conflicts may range from those involving members interse to conflicts among leaders. This article examines the function of faith-based arbitration in resolving leadership conflicts within religious institutions in Tanzania. It compares and contrasts mechanisms used by the Tanzania Episcopal Conference (TEC) the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT), Baraza la Waislamu Tanzania (BAKWATA) and other less formal mechanisms involving independent Churches. The article emphasized on the importance of aligning conflict resolution mechanisms with religious values and principles to maintain harmony and uphold the integrity of these communities. The discussion covers the nature of leadership disputes in religious organizations, the benefits of using arbitration over traditional litigation, and the unique challenges faced in the Tanzanian context. By examining case studies and the practical implementation of faith-based arbitration, the article provides a map into how religious institutions can effectively manage internal conflicts while preserving their spiritual foundations.

Rule-Based Assessment Model for LMS: Enhancing E-Learning Platforms with Forward Chaining Algorithm for Standardized Evaluation. []


E-learning platforms rely on standardized course pages to ensure the consistency and quality of educational content, necessitating clear guidelines for effective evaluation. This research introduces a rule-based assessment model for e-learning course websites, designed to offer actionable recommendations and improve the quality of course delivery. The model, based on a forward chaining algorithm, utilizes a rubric as its knowledge base, incorporating critical attributes such as interactivity, engagement, clarity, aesthetics, and learner-centric features. Rules are embedded within the system to classify course websites as excellent, good, fair, or in need of improvement.This study employed a systemic research approach, integrating the System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) for model development, quantitative performance metrics for evaluation, and qualitative feedback to assess user experience. The model, implemented with Python 3.12.0 and CLIPS v6.3, was evaluated using ten Open Educational Resources (OER) from Coursera.org. Results revealed an 80% match rate with human experts, a precision score of 0.632, and a 90% user satisfaction rate. The model demonstrated 86% generalization across subjects and 85% effectiveness in diverse course designs, with an average assessment time of 30 minutes per course. The scalability of the model depends on available computing resources. Overall, the model proved effective in standardizing e-learning assessments, providing valuable insights to educators, and reducing workload, thus enhancing the quality and accessibility of e-learning content. Keywords: E-Learning Platform, Rule-based assessment model, Educational Content Quality, Expert Systems, Open Educational Resources (OER)

Single Parent []


The multifaceted challenges phenomenological lived experienced by single-parent in Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental, Mindanao, Philippines was revisited. The emotional well-being, social dynamics, educational outcomes, and economic circumstances of the single-parent participants were assessed and evaluated. Ten [10] single-parent participants primarily nine [9] mothers and one [1] father was emotionally and financially uncovered. Managing duties, responsibilities, and obligations lead to emotional shipwreck, depressive symptoms caused by these difficulties. Challenges for single-parent prioritizing children's well-being and education, often sacrificed. Social connections are crucial with constraint time and space. Economic worries vary their level as self-employed and juggling multiple jobs. Facing financial strain and difficulties in balancing work and parental duties, responsibilities and obligations was highly affected the well-being and decision-making. The uncover social support and financial stability in improving the well-being of single-parent and children is the immediate social concern. Underscoring the need for targeted policies and interventions through the government social legislation on the single-parent may mitigate and navigates these complex challenges to live quality of life to the fullest. Keywords: Single-parent

MULTI-SYSTEMIC AND MENTALISATION-BASED THERAPIES IN THE REDUCTION OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA []


Violent behaviour (VB), an antisocial act involving the intentional infliction of harm through physical force, threats, or psychological abuse arising from personal grievances, evokes serious concern among the general populace, particularly with regard to juvenile offenders. It impacts both victims and perpetrators, provoking harmful reactions, damaging mental health, and contributing to issues such as depression and low self-esteem. Preliminary investigations reveal that many juvenile offenders in southwestern Nigeria exhibit violent behaviour. Preliminary investigations have shown that many juvenile offenders in southwestern Nigeria exhibit VB. Previous studies on VB concentrated largely on social, environmental and psychological influences among juveniles, with little attention on psychological intervention to remediate this social problem among juvenile offenders. This study, therefore, was carried out to investigate the effects of Multi-systemic Therapy (MsT) and Mentalisation-based Therapy (MbT) in the reduction of VB among juvenile offenders in southwestern Nigeria. The moderating effects of self-esteem and socio-economic status were also examined. The study was anchored to the Reiss Social Control Theory, while the pretest-posttest, control group quasi-experimental design with a 3×3×3 factorial matrix was adopted. Three states (Oyo, Ogun and Osun) were randomly selected out of the existing six in southwestern Nigeria. The juvenile correctional homes in Osun and Oyo States were enumerated, while one was randomly selected out of the two in Ogun State. Ninety-five juvenile offenders were screened with Andrew Violent Behaviour Screening Scale and 60 of them who scored a threshold of 30.0 and above were selected. The juvenile offender correctional homes were randomly assigned to MsT (20), MbT (20), and control (20) groups. The instruments used were Maudsley Violent Behaviour Scale (α=0.89), Socio-economic Status (α=0.85), General Self-esteem (α=0.85) scales and intervention guides. The treatment lasted 10 weeks. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance and Scheffe post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. The participants’ age was 12.25+4.38 years, and 58.3% were male. The self-esteem of the participants was high (𝑥̅ =3.18) as against the norm of 2.50. There was a significant main effect of treatments on the reduction of VB among participants (F(2;33)=87.50, partial 𝜂2=0.842). The participants exposed to MsT had the lowest mean violent behaviour score (𝑥̅ =35.50), followed by those in the MbT (𝑥̅ = 40.26) and the control (𝑥̅ = 66.59) groups. The participants’ self-esteem and socio-economic status had no significant main effects on VB. There was no significant interaction effect of treatment and socio-economic status on VB among the juvenile offenders. The interaction effects of treatment and self-esteem, as well as self-esteem and socio-economic status were not significant. The three-way interaction effect of treatment, socio-economic status and self-esteem was not significant. Multi-systemic therapy, more than the Mentalisation-based therapy, was more effective in the reduction of violent behaviour among the juvenile offenders in southwestern Nigeria. Ministries of social welfare, correctional homes and counselling psychologists should adopt these therapies to reduce violent behaviour of juvenile offenders Keywords: Violent behaviour, Multi-systemic therapy, Mentalisation based therapies, Juvenile offenders in Southwestern Nigeria

LA CONTESTABILITE DU MARCHE DE L’EAU EN RDC []


Le Congo est considéré comme le pays d’Afrique disposant des plus grandes ressources en eau du continent, et paradoxalement, c’est l’un des pays où l’accès à l’eau potable est le plus faible. Il est donc nécessaire d’instaurer de nouvelles politiques et des schémas de gestion efficients tant au niveau de la ressource que du service public de l’eau en vue de valoriser l’eau, non seulement comme ressource économique, mais aussi la considérer comme bien social, car l’un des rôles essentiels de l’eau reste la préservation de la vie, L’objectif général de notre travail est d’analyser la contestabilité du marché de l’eau en RDC pour proposer des recommandations visant à améliorer l’accès à l’eau potable et à renforcer la régulation du secteur. Pour identifier les meilleures pratiques, L’analyse a porté sur une approche comparative qui nous a permis de faire l’étude de cas du projet SNV en Ouganda qui a mis en œuvre des reformes similaires dans le secteur de l’eau. Les résultats de nos recherches ont montré que : les raisons de l’Inefficacité des infrastructures, l’Inégalités dans l’accès, de la régulation faible. Les politiques de gestion de l'eau en RDC peuvent améliorer ou favoriser un accès durable et équitable à l'eau potable pour l'ensemble de la population par : le Renforcement de la gouvernance, le Renforcement des Capacités Institutionnelles, l’Investissements dans les infrastructures, l’éducation et sensibilisa-tion, la Collaboration avec le secteur privé, le Partenariats Internationaux pour le Développement, l’Innovations Communautaires.

LA CHAINE DE VALEUR DU BOIS D’ŒUVRE EN RDC: VERS UNE GESTION DURABLE ET UN DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE LOCAL []


La présente étude a pour intérêt de démontrer que l’optimisation de la chaine de valeur du bois d’œuvre en RDC est cruciale pour le développement durable du pays, alliant croissance économique, préservation de l’environnement et amélioration des conditions de vie des populations locales. L’analyse économique des filières de production de bois d'œuvre en RDC vise à fournir l’ensemble des éléments qui permettront de : Comprendre le fonctionnement des filières et mieux dimensionner comment les orientations prises par la politique forestière pourront les faire évoluer, Dimensionner les objectifs de développement des différents modes de gestion en fonction des marchés existants, et identifier des marchés à développer et Orienter la politique nationale forest-ière. L’objectif général de notre travail est d’analyser et proposer des solutions pour optimiser la chaîne de valeur du bois d'œuvre en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), en mettant l'accent sur la gestion durable des ressources forestières et le développement économique local et d'une façon spécifique, nous poursuivons les ob-jectifs ci-après : identifier les différentes étapes de la chaine de valeur du bois d’œuvre en RDC et Proposer des recommandations pour améliorer la gestion durable des forêts et renforcer les bénéfices économiques pour les communautés locales. Au cours de nos recherches, nous avons utilisé, pour acquérir des informations ayant trait avec ce travail scien-tifique sous étude, La recherche documentaire, les Enquêtes, les interviews et l’analyse qualitatives et quantita-tives. Les résultats de nos recherches ont montrés que les solutions pour optimiser la chaîne de valeur du bois en RDC sont une forte volonté politique au niveau national traduite en actions concrètes sur le terrain et portée par des institutions de mise en œuvre motivées, autant au niveau national que provincial, un renforcement du cadre légal de gestion durable des forêts et le suivi de sa mise en œuvre, une amélioration de la gouvernance dans la gestion forestière, la mise en place de mesures incitatives durables pour motiver les opérateurs à investir dans le secteur, l’assainissement des titres d’exploitation forestière et le renforcement des capacités techniques, organisation-nelles et logistiques des administrations en charge de la gestion forestière, le renforcement de la professionnalisa-tion dans le secteur ; La promotion des essences commercialisables et notamment celles peu connues présentant un potentiel technologique et économique, l’amélioration et la diversification des produits de transformation plus poussée du bois, Le renforcement des infrastructures de base nécessaires à l’exploitation, au transport du bois vers les centres de consommation et à leur exportation sur les marchés régionaux et internationaux, l’indexation de certaines taxes forestières aux coûts de transports jusqu’au port de sortie.

Generic Structure and Linguistic Features in Theses' Acknowledgments of Graduate Students []


This study examined the generic moves of the English-language acknowledgements in theses written by Filipino graduate students, with the aim of specifying the rhetorical preferences of these Filipino student writers in terms of moves and steps as well as the use of sentence patterns, modifiers and hedges employed in thanking acts and the choice of sentence subjects. The basic theoretical framework is from the pioneering studies of Hyland (2004) and Hyland & Tse (2004). For corpus analysis and move analysis, the researchers employed the simple frequency count, averages, and percentages to determine the total number of words in the corpus, length of words, occurrences of moves and steps in generic structure. The corpora were taken from the thirty (30) acknowledgement articles from theses of graduate students enrolled in different programs of Saint Columban College. The generic structure of the thesis’s acknowledgements of the selected graduate students consisted of three moves: the reflective move, thanking move, and signing-off move. The signing off move was evident and considered as an additional move. Only the second move, the thanking move, was obligatory. Thanking God was added as part of the thanking move. Of all the moves, the thanking move got the highest frequency. Graduate students used more performative verbs than nouns. Thirty-nine (39) % of their thanking verbs were prefaced by a modal would like to while 10 or about 30% were mental state verbs like wish to and want to. Modifiers in thanking acts included adjectives (e.g. heartfelt, sincere, special, deep/est, most of all, and above all) and adverbs (e.g. humbly, sincerely, and heartily) which were often attached to thanking acts in the chosen graduate theses.

Macroeconomic Drivers of Credit Risk in Zimbabwe’s Banking Sector: A Panel Data Approach []


This study examines the influence of macroeconomic and bank specific drivers on credit risk in Zimbabwe’s banking sector using panel data regression models. The analysis employs both Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) models to evaluate the influence GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have on non-performing loans (NPLs). The FE model results indicate a significant and positive relationship between GDP growth and NPLs, suggesting that economic expansions encourage riskier lending, leading to higher default rates. Inflation exhibits a weakly significant negative impact on NPLs, implying that rising prices reduce the real debt burden, improving loan repayment. The effect of interest rates on NPLs is statistically insignificant, while CAR demonstrates a strong negative and significant relationship, underscoring the importance of bank capitalization in mitigating credit risk. The RE model confirms these findings, with slightly varied coefficient magnitudes. The Hausman test (p = 0.08) favours the RE model, suggesting that bank-specific characteristics are not significantly correlated with macroeconomic variables. These results align with recent empirical studies, reinforcing the crucial role of macroeconomic stability and regulatory policies in managing credit risk.

THE MEDIATION ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND RETENTION []


Customer retention and loyalty are key elements in ensuring the continuity of a company's business. The extent of service quality provided is core in enhancing customer satisfaction, thus customer retention and loyalty. The study aims to investigate the contribution of service quality in influencing customer retention and loyalty, where customer satisfaction is the mediating factor. By employing a quantitative approach and collecting data from PT. X customers, the study finds that service quality significantly impacts customer satisfaction. Also, customer satisfaction acts as a mediator between service quality and customer loyalty and retention. The results have strategic consequences for businesses, where enhancing service quality is most important to retain and build customer loyalty.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM QUALITY, SERVICE QUALITY, AND INNOVATION ON REMOTE MONITORING SERVICE LOYALTY AT PT. KONE INDO ELEVATOR []


This research seeks to examine the mediating effect of customer satisfaction in the relationship between information system quality, service quality, and innovation on customer loyalty for remote monitoring services of PT. Kone Indo Elevator. Data were gathered from a survey of repeat customers who have used the company's services on multiple occasions. The results of the study indicate that information system quality, service quality, and innovation have a significant influence on customer satisfaction, which in turn affects customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction plays a very important mediating role in this relationship. These findings provide stra-tegic insights for companies to improve their services and maintain customer loyalty. By understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction and loyalty, companies can design more effective strategies to maintain and increase their customer base.

THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION MEDIATION ON THE INFLUENCE BETWEEN SERVICE QUALITY AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF PT. KONE INDO ELEVATOR []


Customer loyalty is among the causes of long-term business success. This study looks at the influence of service quality, product quality, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in shipping business. The literature has offered inconclusive findings on the dominant factors to loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving a mediating influence in most instances. This study also shows the trend of declining customer loyalty in PT. Kone Indo Elevator in the last three years. With a quantitative approach and regression analysis, this study aims to identify the most influential factors that influence loyalty and provide strategic implications for the company.

The Biological Control of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Isolated from Fermented Durian (Durio zibethinus) against Escherichia coli []


Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented durian (D. zibethinus) against the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods. The D. zibethinus was fermented in a 2% salt solution for two weeks. The resulting liquid was cultured and repeatedly subcultured on Nutrient Agar (pH 6.0) at 30–40°C for 24–48 hours to obtain a pure culture. Isolated organisms were subjected to Gram staining and catalase testing to identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In a 96-well microplate, 10 µL of LAB treatment, ciprofloxacin (positive control), commercial Lactobacilli, and sterile water (negative control) were individually combined with 50 µL of Mueller-Hinton Broth and 10 µL of E.coli suspension. The plate was incubated, and light absorbance was measured using a Varioskan microplate reader (Thermo Fisher) to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Results. The isolated microorganisms were identified as long, Gram-positive bacilli, catalase-negative, and tolerant to pH 6.0 and NaCl, consistent with the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). A Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant results supporting the potential of LAB treatment from fermented durian against E.coli (X² = 38.5, p = < 0.001, ɛ² = 0.820). Ciprofloxacin, the positive control, a widely used anibiotic for bacterial infections, exhibited the lowest light absorbance, indicating the strongest inhibition of bacterial growth. LAB treatment demonstrated a mean absorbance of 0.3294µL, closely approaching the positive control. Since lower light absorbance correlates with reduced bacterial growth, these results highlight the efficacy of LAB treatment in inhibiting E. coli growth. Conclusion. The isolated LAB from D. zibethinus shows potential treatment in inhibiting E. coli growth, offering a sustainable solution to food contamination. Further additives and field testing research is needed to improve its efficacy and applications.

A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS DECISION-MAKING IN CHOOSING THEIR STRAND IN KALUMSING INTEGRATED SCHOOL []


This study attempted to determine the level of students decision-making in choosing their strand in Kalumsing Integrated School and to analyze the factors affecting their choice of strand and how it affects their future career aspirations. The descriptive method of research was utilized with the questionnaire instrument. The grade nine and ten students of Kalumsing Integrated School were utilized as respondents; and the data gathered were analyzed through mean, z-test and standard deviation. Based on the findings, there are factors affecting the students decision-making in choosing their strand. The respondents agreed with the following factors: 1. They considered their choice of strand as in-demand strand, 2. They considered the financial status of their family in choosing their strand, 3. They considered the work they will get after finishing their degree relating to their strand, 4. The availability of job in the future affects their choice of strand, 5. Their preferred strand is connected to their childhood dream work, 6. Their preferred strand is connected to their favorite subject, 7. Their preferred strand is their personal choice, 8. Their preferred strand is a reflection of their talent. While they moderately agreed in considering the place of their future work and their choice of school. Based from the conclusions, the following recommendations are drafted; The school should provide comprehensive career guidance and counseling programs that helps student explore potential career paths and understand the difference between their choice of academic strand and their future work opportunities. It might be better if the teachers will provide better career counseling and guidance in the choice of school. This can involve helping students understand the strengths and weakness of different schools, and how these choices can impact their opportunities in their chosen field. Parental involvement and education. Educating parents about the importance of considering the future work environment and the choice of school for their children can also be beneficial. Seminars and informational session can be organized to engage parents in the career decision-making progress.

THE MEDIATION ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER RETENTION AND SWITCHING COST WITH CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF SERVICE MAINTENANCE CONTRACT PT. KONE INDO ELEVATOR []


Customer loyalty is a critical factor for business sustainability, particularly in the maintenance contract service business. This re-search seeks to examine the influence of customer retention and switching costs on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as a mediator. The research method employed is a quantitative approach with path analysis methods. Data were collected through a survey on PT. Kone Indo Elevator customers. Customer retention and switching costs do have a significant influence on customer loyalty. In addition, customer satisfaction has also shown to be an important mediator in the relationship between customer retention and loyalty and between switching costs and loyalty. These findings prove to be particularly valuable for companies seeking to implement strategies to improve customer loyalty.

THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND FINANCIAL SUPERVI-SION ON THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING WITH COMPLIANCE MEDIATION AT THE MINISTRY OF VILLAGE, DEVELOPMENT OF DISAD-VANTAGED REGIONS, AND TRANSMIGRATION: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


Recent data on the financial report quality in The Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration (Kemendes PDTT) reveals a downward trend over the past three years. In 2021, the financial report score was 83.4, but it dropped to 81.7 in 2022 and further declined to 80.1 in 2023. Research indicates that internal control systems and compliance are inte-gral to maintaining the quality of financial reports. This quantitative study aims to examine the effect of internal control system and financial supervision on the quality of financial reporting with compliance as a mediator at Kemendes PDTT. Keywords Internal Control System, Financial Supervision, Quality of Financial Reporting, Compliance, Conceptual Model.

THE INFLUENCE OF LECTURER PROFESSIONALISM AND ACADEMIC-ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE QUALITY ON OFFICER STUDENT SATISFAC-TION MEDIATED BY OFFICER STUDENT COMFORT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL []


Based on a survey conducted by the Quality Assurance Unit of Politeknik Pelayaran Banten, officer student satisfaction has shown a downward trend between 2021 and 2023. The decline in officer student satisfaction with academic services and teaching quali-ty highlights the need to improve lecturer professionalism and optimize the educational administration system. Work motivation is also essential for driving performance and achieving satisfaction. Lecturer professionalism includes academic competence, ef-fective teaching methods, and supportive interactions that enhance the learning comfort of officer students. This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of lecturer professionalism and academic-administrative service quality on satisfaction, me-diated by comfort, for officer students at Politeknik Pelayaran Banten. Keywords Lecturer Professionalism, Academic-Administrative Service Quality, Comfort, Satisfaction, Conceptual Model.

Evaluating the Impact of Nutrition Education Intervention on Anemia Condition Among Geriatric Living In Anguwan Kanawa Community of Bauchi L. G. A []


Anaemia is a prevalent health concern among older adults, with significant negative outcomes such as cognitive impairment, decreased physical function, and increased mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition education and food-based interventions show promise in preventing and managing anaemia in the elderly, but their effectiveness in community settings remains understudied, highlighting the need for research to evaluate their impact on anaemia prevalence and overall health outcomes in geriatric populations. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with pre-test/post-test assessments, involving both an intervention and control group, to evaluate the effects of dietary treatments on geriatric residents in Bauchi State. Data collection includes anthropometric and haematological assessments, with the intervention group receiving nutrition education and access to fortified foods and supplements to improve iron absorption. The socio-demographic characteristics of 64 elderly individuals in the study revealed a higher proportion of females, rural residents, and individuals engaged in farming, with significant differences in sex, location, marital status, and occupation. The results also highlighted a correlation between income and nutritional status, with higher income linked to a reduced risk of malnutrition, and gender being the only factor significantly influencing anemia prevalence, with females showing a higher rate of anemia. The study recommends nutrition-focused educational programs for individuals with secondary or Islamic education, improved economic support to enhance access to nutritious foods, and gender-specific anemia interventions. It emphasizes the importance of frequent, personalized nutrition education and stronger community health systems to combat malnutrition and anemia in the geriatric population of Unguwan Kanawa. Keywords: Anaemia, Bauchi, BMI, Geriatric, Intervention, Nutrition, Fedpoly Bauchi

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TEACHERS AND SCHOOL HEADS ON SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT VALIDATION ON THE LEVEL OF PRACTICE []


This study, titled "Lived Experiences of Teachers and School Heads on School-Based Management Validation on the Level of Practice," explores the firsthand experiences of educators involved in the validation of School-Based Management (SBM) practices. It examines how teachers and school heads perceive and implement SBM, focusing on their roles in decision-making, feedback mechanisms, and overall school governance. The research aims to understand how SBM validation influences educational leadership, professional development, and institutional effectiveness. Through qualitative methods, the study captures the perspectives of educators regarding SBM implementation, highlighting both its benefits and challenges. Findings reveal that SBM validation plays a crucial role in enhancing educational practices by fostering collaboration, accountability, and continuous improvement. Teachers and school heads benefit from structured evaluation processes that provide feedback and recognition, reinforcing best practices. Additionally, the presence of clear goals, sufficient resources, and training opportunities significantly influences the effectiveness of SBM implementation. However, challenges such as inconsistent validation processes, limited stakeholder engagement, and concerns over decision-making inclusivity persist, affecting the overall impact of SBM on school governance. Despite these challenges, SBM validation empowers educators by providing them with a platform to contribute to school development actively. The study highlights that a well-structured validation process promotes ownership and responsibility among teachers and school heads, ensuring that SBM initiatives align with institutional goals. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of a data-driven approach, where schools utilize monitoring and evaluation frameworks to assess progress and implement necessary adjustments. Establishing a culture of evidence-based decision-making is essential for sustaining and improving SBM practices. To address the gaps identified, the study proposes a comprehensive validation framework that enhances SBM assessment through systematic monitoring, stakeholder involvement, and professional development initiatives. The framework emphasizes the need for transparent communication, structured feedback mechanisms, and continuous support for educators. By strengthening SBM validation processes, schools can ensure that decision-making is inclusive, equitable, and aligned with educational goals, ultimately improving student outcomes and institutional effectiveness. Keywords: Accountability in Education, Decision-Making in Schools, Educational Leadership, Educational Policy Implementation, Evidence-Based Practices, Inclusive Decision-Making, Monitoring and Evaluation, SBM Validation, School Governance, School Heads’ Perspectives, School-Based Management (SBM), Teachers’ Lived Experiences

ENHANCING EMPLOYMENT POSSIBILITIES AMONG BUSINESS GRADUATES: A MULTIFACETED APPROACH []


This study explores how well business graduates are prepared for the professional world by looking at their skills and how confident they feel about finding jobs. We found that while students have a decent grasp of technical, communication, and people skills, there are some gaps, and they don't always feel completely ready for the workplace. Based on these findings, we've come up with some key recommendations to help bridge the gap between college and career. We believe colleges need to focus more on practical, hands-on learning throughout the business program. Think more on anything that lets students apply what they've learned in class to actual business situations. Specifically, we noticed students could use more training on industry-standard software, so dedicated workshops in this area would be really helpful. Communication skills are also key, so we recommend reinforcing these skills across the curriculum, not just focusing on public speaking, but also things like body language, active listening, and writing effectively. Role-playing and case studies can be great ways to practice these skills. Teamwork and collaboration are also essential, so we suggest more group projects and collaborative activities, especially those focused on problem-solving. Colleges should also build stronger ties with local businesses to create more internships, mentorships, and opportunities for students to learn directly from professionals. Regular feedback from employers would be invaluable in keeping the curriculum relevant. Technology can also play a big role, with virtual simulations and online tools providing safe spaces to practice and refine skills. Finally, while students seem to value their degrees, they might not fully see how their coursework translates into job readiness. Colleges need to be better at showing students how their classes build these essential skills and help them build confidence in their job search. Career services can also help with resume writing, interviewing, and job searching strategies. One last, but very important, thing: we found a potentially serious error in our data related to technical skills and employability. The numbers just don't look right, so we need to doublecheck everything to make sure our findings are accurate. This is a big deal, and we want to be sure our recommendations are based on solid data.

Knowledge and Perception of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine Among Mothers at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan []


Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major public health concern, particularly due to its role in cervical cancer development. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, uptake remains low in many developing countries, including Nigeria. This study assessed the knowledge and perception of HPV vaccination among mothers at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from 101 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The findings indicate that while most mothers demonstrated basic knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, significant misconceptions persist, particularly regarding vaccine safety and fertility concerns. Perception of the vaccine was generally positive, with a majority agreeing on its importance, yet fear and misinformation still influence vaccine hesitancy. The study highlights the need for targeted health education and community engagement to dispel myths and improve vaccine acceptance. Enhancing nurse-led awareness campaigns and integrating HPV vaccination into routine immunization schedules could significantly increase uptake and reduce HPV-related diseases. Keywords: Perception, Uptake, Human papilloma virus, Vaccine

La dépréciation de franc congolais et l'incidence sur l'épargne de ménage cas de la cité de lodja []


La dépréciation du franc congolais est considérée comme une maladie de l’économie congolaise car elle a pour conséquence le dérèglement des activités économiques notamment l’épargne des ménages. Or l’épargne remplit un rôle important dans le circuit économique ; elle favorise donc l’investissement et constitue l’une des variables d’ajustement de l’économie qui permet d’absorber les chocs économiques. Ainsi, la dépréciation du franc congolais en influençant l’épargne de ménages d’une manière négative, décourage par le fait même l’investissement et devient donc un obstacle à la prospérité de l’économie entière.